Introduction

unit test and integration testing of some hardware components of a

computer we ensures that each part functions correctly and that the entire
system operates efficiently. This process involves checking the performance,
stability, and compatibility of various components such as the CPU, RAM,
storage devices, the motherboard and mostcomponents inside the computer
UNIT TEST AND INTEGRATION TESTING

Test Case ID TCU-03

Test Case Motherboard
Name
Test Case Test individual components of the motherboard to verify
Description they work independently.

Pre-Conditions a. Verifies that essential components (CPU, RAM)

initialize correctly without errors.
b. Checks that the motherboard recognizes compatible
CPUs and RAM, ensuring proper connectivity and
configuration.
c. Ensures BIOS/UEFI settings can be accessed, modified,
and saved reliably.
d. Tests power delivery circuits to verify stable voltage
and current to critical components.
e. Checks functionality of USB, SATA, PCIe slots, and
other connectors for proper device detection.
Test Data The motherboard and Peripheral Interface, hardware
components.
Test Steps a. Ensures the system boots and runs reliably with
different configurations of CPUs, RAM, and storage.
b. Verifies that all I/O ports (USB, HDMI, audio) function
correctly with external devices.
c. Checks that motherboard sensors and fan controls
respond to temperature changes and manage cooling.
d. Ensures stability across repeated power cycles and
resume operations from sleep mode.
e. Tests compatibility with additional GPUs or expansion
cards for systems needing extra performance.
Expected The motherboard functionality, reliability, and
Result compatibility are verified.
Actual Result Temperature readings are accurate, and fans respond to
temperature changes.
 System resumes smoothly from sleep/wake and handles
power cycles reliably.
System functions correctly with all tested OS and
drivers.
unit and integration test results confirm that the
motherboard can initialize, connect with peripherals,
manage power, and handle workloads, ensuring it
functions correctly as the core of the computer system.
Test Case pass
Status

Test Case ID TCU-04

Test Case Hard Drive (Storage Device)
Name
Test Case Validates individual functions and performance metrics
Description of the hard drive in isolation.
Pre-Conditions a. Verifies the drive powers up and initializes without
errors
b. Measures the drive’s read and write speeds to
ensure they meet the expected performance.
c. Checks for bad sectors or blocks to ensure data
can be written and read from all parts of the drive.
d. Verifies that data written to the drive can be read
back accurately without corruption.
e. Ensures the drive operates within safe
temperature ranges.
f.
Test Data Hard drive
Test Steps a. Confirms the system can boot from the hard drive
and recognizes it as a primary or secondary drive.
b. Ensures the OS can read from, write to, and format
the drive, and that file systems are supported.
c. Tests the hard drive's functionality in setups with
multiple drives, ensuring no conflicts or
performance degradation.
d. Verifies the drive can handle large file transfers
and sustained loads without errors or slowdowns.
e. Tests the drive’s ability to handle frequent power
cycles and resume from standby/sleep modes
 without issues.

Expected the hard drive can reliably store data, perform at rated
Result speeds, and integrate smoothly within a computer
system for stable and error-free operation.
Actual Result Drive powers up and is recognized by the system.
Speeds meet or exceed rated specifications.
No bad sectors detected; all blocks are functional.
Data written matches data read, confirming integrity.
Drive temperature stays within the specified range.
Drive handles power cycles and resumes from standby
smoothly.

Test Case pass

Status

Test Case ID TCU-08

Test Case Spikers
Name
Test Case speaker functions and audio quality in isolation.
Description
Conditions for a. Verifies that the speakers power on (if they are
Testing powered) and establish a connection with the
computer (via audio jack, USB, or Bluetooth).
b. Confirms that sound plays clearly without
distortion or static at various volume levels.
c. Checks if the speakers produce sounds across
their advertised frequency range (low, mid, high
frequencies).
Test Data Spikers Audio file (.mp3 or .wav).
Test Steps a. Confirms that the operating system and audio
drivers recognize the speakers and enable all
features.
 b. Ensures speakers work across various applications
(media players, games, video conferencing
software).
c. Tests audio playback quality for different media
types (music, movies, and voice).
Expected the speakers deliver clear, balanced sound and function
Result reliably with various applications and system
configurations, providing a high-quality audio
experience.
Actual Result Speakers power on and are recognized by the system.
Clear audio output across all tested volume ranges.
Speakers are detected by the OS and function with all
necessary drivers.
System volume and mute functions control the speakers
as expected.

Test Case Pass

Status

Test Case ID 09
Test Case Graphics Card (GPU)
Name
Test Case functionalities and performance aspects of the graphics
Description card in isolation.
Conditions a. Ensures the graphics card powers on and is
detected by the BIOS and OS.
b. Confirms that the graphics card operates at its
specified core and memory clock speeds.
c. Tests the card’s ability to render basic 2D and 3D
graphics accurately without artifacts.
Test Data Test image with known color values.
Benchmark software (e.g., 3DMark).
Monitoring software (e.g., Monitor).
Test Steps a. Ensures the system boots successfully with the
GPU installed and all necessary drivers function
correctly.
b. Confirms that the graphics card outputs display
correctly across multiple monitor resolutions and
refresh rates.
c. Evaluates the graphics card’s ability to handle
intensive 3D applications and games.
Expected the graphics card can reliably render visuals, handle
Result high-performance tasks, and integrate smoothly with
other components, ensuring stable performance across
different usage scenarios.
Actual Result GPU is powered on and recognized in the BIOS/OS
without issues.
Clock speeds match or exceed rated specifications.
System boots, and drivers are installed without issues,
enabling GPU features.
Display functions as expected across resolutions, refresh
rates, and multiple monitors.

Test Case Pass

Status

Test Case ID 10
Test Case USB Ports
Name
Test Case Tests the individual functionality of each USB port to
Description ensure it operates correctly.
Pre-Conditions a. Verifies that the USB port powers on and is
recognized by the system when a device is
connected.
b. Confirms that the USB port supports data transfer
 with connected devices (e.g., USB drives,
keyboards, mice) at appropriate speeds (USB 2.0,
3.0, 3.1, etc.).
c. Verifies the port can handle multiple devices
(through hubs, for example) without power or data
conflicts.
Test Data USB keyboard, mouse, and flash drive.
Test Steps a. Ensures that the operating system detects all USB
ports and the connected devices without errors.
b. Verifies that the USB port maintains stable data
transfer speeds (e.g., USB 3.0, 3.1 speeds) when
transferring large files or performing data-heavy
tasks.
c. Ensures that the USB ports continue to function
correctly when the system enters sleep mode and
resumes from sleep.
Expected the USB ports provide reliable power and data
Result connections, support a variety of devices, and function
as expected within the system, contributing to overall
stability and compatibility of the computer.
Actual Result Device charges correctly through the USB port.
Devices connected to the USB ports continue to work
after the system wakes from sleep, and the ports handle
power-saving modes properly.
Test Case Pass
Status

Test Case ID 11
Test Case Monitor
Name
Test Case testing individual components or functions of a system
Description to ensure they work as expected in isolation. In the case
of a monitor
Pre-Conditions a. Verifying that it correctly sends signals to the
screen.
b. Testing that the software correctly adjusts the
brightness levels based on user input.
c. Ensuring that inputs (HDMI, DisplayPort, etc.) are
correctly processed and displayed on the screen.
Test Data M Various resolution and refresh rate settings (e.g.,
1920x1080 at 60Hz, 1440p at 144Hz). monitor, power
cable.
Monitor's brightness and contrast adjustment options.
Test Steps a. Set up the testing environment by isolating the
individual components of the monitor's software
system.
b. For each feature (e.g., brightness control, screen
resolution), create test cases to verify correct
functionality.
c. Run the test cases and check if the individual
components work correctly.
d. Check whether the output matches the expected
behavior.
Expected The monitor fails to process the input or does not display
Result correctly. Settings are not applied as expected.
Actual Result The monitor correctly processes the input and displays
the expected output. Settings changes are reflected
properly (e.g., resolution change, brightness control).
Test Case Pass
Status

Integration Test Cases

Test Case Verifies the motherboard’s ability to interact smoothly
Description with other components, ensuring stability and
performance across the entire system.
Pre-Conditions CPU, RAM, power supply, storage, and other components
are compatible with the motherboard.
The BIOS/UEFI is updated to the latest version to support
current hardware and features.
The power supply meets the motherboard’s power
requirements and connections are securely in place.
Proper cooling solutions are installed to manage heat
from the CPU, chipset, and other components.
USB devices, display output, and storage devices are
connected as required for testing.
Test Data BIOS/UEFI settings.
Test Steps System Boot Test: Confirms the system boots
successfully, indicating that the motherboard works well
with the CPU, RAM, and storage.
Tests the motherboard’s performance under heavy
multitasking and load conditions.
Ensures compatibility and stable performance when
various peripherals are connected.
Confirms motherboard’s handling of power-saving states
and temperature control under load.
Checks system stability under different BIOS
configurations, including default and overclocked
settings (if applicable).

Expected System boots to OS without errors, and all components

Result are recognized.
Motherboard maintains stability with no crashes,
overheating, or instability.
All connected devices are detected and operate without
issues.
System enters/exits low-power states smoothly, and
temperatures remain stable under load.
System performs reliably across settings, with
overclocked configurations remaining stable.
Actual Result Completes POST and provides stable power to
components.
Operates without error during multitasking and high
load.
Detects and interacts with peripherals through all
onboard interfaces.
Delivers stable power and maintains safe temperatures.
Handles sleep, standby, and wake operations reliably.
the motherboard’s functionality, stability, and
compatibility within the system are validated, ensuring
that it provides a solid foundation for system
performance and reliability.
Test Case Pass
Status

Test Case ID TCI04

Test Case Hard Drive
Name
Test Case Tests the hard drive’s basic functionalities, performance,
Description and durability in isolation.
Pre-Conditions Tests the hard drive within the full system, ensuring
compatibility, stability, and performance across various
system interactions.
Test Data Test files
Test Steps Verifies that the system can boot from the hard drive if it
contains an OS, or recognize it as a secondary drive if
not.
Ensures smooth data transfer between the hard drive
and other components like RAM and CPU.
Confirms the drive can handle file transfers,
multitasking, and large file operations within the system.
Verifies the drive’s behavior when the system enters
low-power states and resumes.
Tests how the drive handles read/write errors and
verifies error correction mechanisms.

Expected the hard drive’s reliability, performance, and

Result compatibility within the system, confirming it as a
dependable storage solution.
Actual Result System boots reliably, or drive is recognized correctly as
secondary storage.
Data transfers are stable, with no interruptions or
bottlenecks.
Drive performs efficiently under load, maintaining
performance across various tasks.
HDD powers down or enters standby appropriately and
resumes without data loss or errors.
Drive handles errors gracefully, protecting data and
 resuming normal operation.
Test Case Pass
Status

Test Case ID TCI08

Test Case Spikers
Name
Test Case Verifies the speakers' functionality within the entire
Description system, ensuring they work well with the audio system,
applications, and other components.
Pre-Conditions Speakers are plugged into the correct audio jack or USB
port, and any power source (if required) is connected.
Ensure that volume levels and balance settings are
adjusted to test full range.
Check that the latest audio drivers are installed and that
the operating system recognizes the audio device.
Confirm that any system or speaker mute settings are
disabled.
Test Data Sound performance
Test Steps Plays system sounds to confirm the speakers respond to
OS-generated audio cues.
Tests sound output from various applications, such as
media players, games, and browsers.
Plays music and video files to assess the speakers’
performance with multimedia content.
Streams audio content to test the speakers’ response
with online media.
Puts the system into standby mode, then resumes to
check speaker reactivity.
Expected System sounds play accurately, without lag or distortion.
Result
Audio is consistent and clear across all applications.
Multimedia playback is smooth, with accurate sound
reproduction and synchronization.
 Streaming audio plays without buffering issues, and
sound quality remains clear.
Speakers resume output correctly without delay after
standby.
Actual Result Generate sound that is free from distortion across
various frequencies and volume levels.
Play system alerts, notifications, and application sounds
promptly and clearly.
Maintain high-quality sound during multimedia playback
and streaming.
Output consistent audio across different programs and
types of content.
integration tests validate that the speakers function
properly and are integrated seamlessly with the
computer’s audio system, delivering reliable, high-
quality sound for all applications.
Test Case Pass
Status

Test Case ID TCI09

Test Case Graphics Card (GPU)
Name
Test Case Verifies the graphics card’s performance and
Description compatibility with other system components and
software under realistic conditions.

Pre-Conditions The graphics card is securely installed in the PCIe slot,

and power connectors are attached (if required).
The display is connected to the graphics card's output
(e.g., HDMI, DisplayPort).
The latest graphics drivers are installed and the card is
recognized by the operating system.
The power supply meets the requirements for the
graphics card.
Adequate cooling is in place, either through fans or a
 liquid cooling setup, to handle GPU heat during tests.
Test Data Graphic
Test Steps Confirms that the system boots correctly with the
graphics card installed.
Tests normal desktop usage, window management, and
system interface.
Runs 3D applications or benchmarks to evaluate
graphics processing capabilities.
Tests playback of high-definition video content to
confirm that GPU handles decoding properly.
Runs intensive graphical benchmarks to test the GPU’s
stability and thermal performance under high load.
Tests power-saving modes and low-power states to
ensure efficient energy usage.
Expected System boots without errors, with the GPU initialized and
Result displaying output.
Smooth display output with no lag, artifacts, or display
issues during basic use.
Renders 3D visuals smoothly, with no visual artifacts,
crashes, or stuttering.
Video playback is smooth, with no tearing or buffering
issues.
GPU maintains stable operation, with temperatures
within safe limits and no crashes.
Graphics card enters low-power mode during idle times
and resumes performance smoothly.
Actual Result Boots with the system and is detected correctly in the
OS.
Produces visuals on the monitor with no artifacts or
flickering.
Performs well with high-definition video playback, 3D
rendering, and stress tests without overheating or
crashing.
Operates fans and power modes efficiently, managing
heat and conserving energy when idle.
 the graphics card’s performance, reliability, and
compatibility with the computer system are validated,
ensuring it can support both everyday use and intensive
graphical tasks effectively.
Test Case Pass
Status

Functional Test Cases

Test Case ID TCF-04

Test Case Hard drive
Name
Test Case (HDD) are to verify its reliability, performance, and
Description compatibility with the overall system
Pre-Conditions Ensures the drive powers on and is recognized by the
BIOS and OS.
Measures the drive’s read and write speeds to confirm
they meet expected performance.
Drive achieves rated speeds for both sequential and
random reads and writes.
Confirms that the reported capacity matches the
specifications.
Tests for correct formatting and data integrity by
creating, moving, and deleting files.
Test Data Data errors
Test Steps Connect the hard drive and power on the system,
confirming that it spins up and is detected by the BIOS
and OS.
Format the drive and create partitions to confirm full
capacity usage.
Write files of varying sizes, copy them to different
folders, and then delete to test data handling.
Place the drive under heavy load and monitor its
temperature to confirm it stays within safe operational
 limits.
Perform multiple tasks simultaneously, such as copying,
reading, and writing files, to test performance under
load.
Simulate errors by disconnecting the drive during
read/write operations and observe recovery.
Put the system into sleep or standby mode, then wake it
up and check drive functionality.

Expected Drive recovers or handles errors without data corruption,

Result logging errors for user awareness.
Drive performs smoothly without significant
performance drops.
Drive operates within acceptable temperature ranges.
Actual Result Manages errors gracefully and supports robust file
management.
Responds well to low-power states like sleep and
resumes without data loss.
Test Case Pass
Status

Test Case ID TCF-05

Test Case CPU
Name
Test Case processing unit (CPU) to ensure it performs accurately,
Description handles multiple tasks efficiently, and integrates well
with other system components.
Pre-Conditions the CPU temperature

Test Data Run a CPU stress test

Test Steps Power on the system and monitor the CPU temperature
at idle.
Run a benchmark tool to measure the CPU clock speed
 and verify it against specifications.
Run a multithreaded workload and observe core/thread
usage.
Use software that tests specific instruction sets (e.g.,
AVX) and measure execution accuracy and stability.
Use cache benchmarking tools to measure L1, L2, and
L3 cache latency and throughput.
Run a CPU stress test (e.g., Prime95) for an extended
period to test thermal limits and stability.
Put the system into standby/sleep mode and resume to
test CPU power management.
Expected CPU powers on and reaches a safe idle temperature
Result within seconds.
CPU runs at or near its rated clock speed, including any
turbo boost frequency, if available.
All cores and threads are used effectively during the
workload.
All instruction sets execute correctly without errors or
unexpected results.
Cache levels operate within expected performance
ranges, with minimal latency.
CPU remains stable without throttling or overheating,
with temperatures within safe limits.
System enters and exits sleep mode successfully, with
CPU resuming normal operations.
Actual Result Powers on, executes instructions, and handles cache
efficiently.
Utilizes cores and threads well under varied workloads.
Communicates smoothly with memory, storage, and
peripherals.
stays within thermal limits and supports low-power
states.
the CPU’s performance, reliability, and compatibility,
ensuring that it can handle a range of computing tasks
under different conditions.
Test Case Pass
Status

Test Case ID TCF-08

Test Case SPIKERS
Name
Test Case Tests the speakers individually to confirm they produce
Description sound accurately and consistently.
Pre-Conditions Checks if the speakers power on (if they have a power
indicator).
Verifies the speakers can produce sound by playing a
basic audio test.
Plays audio tones across a range of frequencies to
ensure speakers handle lows, minds, and highs.
Adjusts the volume from low too high to verify that the
speakers function well across the volume spectrum.
Plays audio to test the balance between left and right
speakers (if applicable).
Test Data Audio playback quality
Test Steps Power on the speakers (if applicable) and verify any
indicators.
Play a simple audio file to confirm sound output.
Play test tones across low, mid, and high frequencies.
Adjust volume from minimum to maximum.
Play audio in left and right speakers separately.
Play system sounds, such as alerts and notifications.
Play audio from multiple applications (media player,
game, browser).
Play music or video and stream audio to evaluate
playback quality.
Put the system in standby, then resume it.
Expected Indicator shows speakers are powered on and ready.
Result Audio is audible, clear, and without distortion.
Speakers accurately reproduce sound across the
frequency spectrum.
Volume changes smoothly, with no loss in clarity or
distortion at high volumes.
Each speaker produces sound independently and at
balanced levels when combined.
System sounds play through the speakers without delay
or distortion.
Audio is consistent and clear across all applications.
Audio syncs correctly with visuals and remains clear
during streaming.
Speakers resume audio output promptly and accurately
after standby.
Actual Result Generate sound that is free from distortion across
various frequencies and volume levels.
Play system alerts, notifications, and application sounds
promptly and clearly.
Maintain high-quality sound during multimedia playback
and streaming.
Test Case Pass
Status

Test Case ID TCF-09

Test Case Graphics Card (GPU)
Name
Test Case Tests individual features and functionality of the
Description graphics card in isolation to verify its basic performance.
Pre-Conditions Verifies that the graphics card powers on and is
recognized by the system.
Tests whether the graphics card provides signal to the
display.
Checks the graphics memory to ensure it is free of
defects.
 Ensures that the GPU’s fans work correctly and adjust
speeds as needed.
Test Data GPU fan speeds, clear visuals.
Test Steps Power on the system and verify that the GPU is
recognized by the BIOS/UEFI and OS.
Display basic desktop interface to check for clear
visuals.
Run memory diagnostics on the GPU’s VRAM.
Monitor GPU fan speeds and temperature at idle and
under load.
Run 3D benchmarks or rendering tests.
Play HD or 4K video content.
Expected GPU is detected and correctly identified in system
Result settings.
Display is smooth and clear without flickering or
artifacts.
VRAM passes diagnostics with no errors or memory
artifacts.
Fans adjust as needed, and temperatures stay within
safe operating ranges.
GPU renders 3D graphics smoothly with no visual
distortions or frame rate drops.
Video plays without stuttering, tearing, or quality issues.
Actual Result Performs well with high-definition video playback, 3D
rendering, and stress tests without overheating or
crashing.
the graphics card’s performance, reliability, and
compatibility with the computer system
Test Case Pass
Status