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Encoding Scheme and

Number System Class
11 Notes
3 Comments / Uncategorized / By Sanjay
Kumar

Encoding Scheme Class 11 Notes consist of

ASCII, ISCII, UNICODE, Number System,
Conversion between Number System. This
Encoding scheme and number system class
11 notes is very handy for the students who
are looking for class 11 computer science
notes and solutions.

Contents

1 Encoding Schemes
1.1 ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Interchange)
 1.2 ISCII (Indian Standard Code for
Information Interchange)
1.3 UNICODE
2 Number System
2.1 Decimal Number System
2.2 Binary Number System
2.3 Octal Number System
2.4 Hexadecimal Number System
3 Conversion Between Number System
3.1 Decimal to Binary Conversion
3.2 Decimal to Octal Conversion
3.3 Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion
3.4 Binary to decimal Conversion
3.5 Octal to decimal Conversion
3.6 Hexadecimal to decimal Conversion
3.7 Binary to Octal Conversion
3.8 Octal to Binary Conversion
3.9 Hexadecimal to binary conversion
4 Conversion of Decimal Number with
fractional part to Binary number

Encoding Schemes
What is Encoding?

Process of converting data from one form to

another form is called encoding. In Computer
Science encoding is converting data
(numbers, alphabets, symbols, spaces,
graphics etc.) into binary codes.

Why Encoding?

 Platform Independency

 Internationalization

 Security

 Effective Communication

There are various standard encoding

schemes each part of data is assigned a
unique code. Some of the popular encoding
schemes are mentioned below:

ASCII (American Standard

Code for Information
Interchange)

 Formally began in 1960 and later

promoted by ANSI
 Standard common way to encode and

represent keys of keyboard understood

by every computer.
 It Uses 7-bits to represent any

character.
  It represents (encodes) total 27= 128

characters. (Because of 7-bit

representation)
 It can represent (encode) character set

of English language only.

ASCII Table

Characte Decima Characte Decima Characte Decima

r l Value r l Value r l value

Space 32 @ 64 , 96

! 33 A 65 a 97

“ 34 B 66 b 98

# 35 C 67 c 99

$ 36 D 68 d 100

% 37 E 69 e 101

& 38 F 70 f 102

‘ 39 G 71 g 103

( 40 H 72 h 104
) 41 I 73 i 105

ISCII (Indian Standard Code

for Information Interchange)

 Introduced by Bureau of Indian

Standard (BIS) in 1991.

 Standard encoding scheme to

represent Indian Scripts.

 It uses 8-bits to represent characters.

 It represents total 28 = 256 characters.

 It supports 10 different Indian

languages which are: Devanagari,

Punjabi, Bengali, Gujarati, Oriya,
Telugu, Assamese, Kannada,
Malayalam, Tamil and Roman.

UNICODE

 It has been developed to represent all

the characters of every written

language of world.
 It can represent near about 1,000,000

characters
 It may be 8-bit, 16-bit or 32-bit

 It is superset of ASCII
  UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 are some

common Unicode encodings among

which UTF-8 is most commonly used.

Number System
 Number system is mathematical way to

represent numbers using literals such

as digits, characters or symbols.
 It is also known as Positional Number

System because value of each literal

(digit, character or symbol) in a
number depends upon its position
within number.
 There are different number system and

all have their own set of unique literals.

 The count of literals of number system

is called Base or Radix.

 The value of each literal in a number is

calculated using-
 The literal itself

 Position of the literal

 Base of the number system

 There are four number systems used in

the context computer-

 Decimal Number System
  Binary Number System

 Octal Number System

 Hexadecimal Number System

Decimal Number System

 It is used by humans

 It uses 10 different digits from 0 to 9 to

represent numbers.
 Decimal number system has base 10

 Each place to the left is ten times

greater than the place to its right which

means each place represent a specific
power of the base (10).

Following figure represents the Integer and

fractional part of decimal number 1253.76
alongwith calculation of the decimal number
using positional values-

Positional Value Representation of Decimal

Number
Binary Number System

 It is used by Computer and other

Digital devices.
 It uses two different digits 0 and 1

called as bit to represent any

information
 Binary number system has base 2

 Each place in a binary code represents

a specific power of the base (2).

 Binary Number System is also referred

as Machine Language.

Application of Binary Number System

 Used as Machine Language for

Computer Hardware and other

Electronic Devices.
 Used in ASCII Code and Unicode

 Used in Internet Protocols.

 Used in Image processing, High-end

audio recordings, HD Videos recordings

and data processing and storage.
 Used in Boolean algebra that is a

branch of Mathematics.

Octal Number System

  It is used to represent large and

complex binary codes into concise

manner.
 It uses 8 different digits from 0 to 7 to

represent information.
 Octal Number System has base 8.

 Each place in Octal code represents a

specific power of the base (8).

Applications of Octal Number System

 It is used in register and flip flop of

Computer Motherboards.
 It is used in Mainframe such as UNIVAC,

PDP etc.

Hexadecimal Number System

 It is used to represent large and

complex binary codes into concise

manner.
 It uses 16 different literals which are

0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F to
represent information.
 Hexadecimal Number System has base

16.
  Each place in a Hexadecimal code

represents a specific power of the base

(16).

Applications of Hexadecimal Number

System

 It is used to represent Memory Address

for storage devices used in computers.

 It is used to describe colors in the Web

Pages.
 It is used to represent Media Access

Control (MAC) addresses.

 It is used to display error messages.

Conversion Between
Number System
Decimal to Binary
Conversion

Following are the steps to convert Decimal

Number System to Binary Number System:

 Divide the number by the base value of

the Binary Number System i.e. 2 you

want to convert it from
  Note the remainder

 Keep dividing the quotient by the base

value 2 untill it becomes zero and note

the remainder of each division
 Write all noted remainders in reverse

order (bottom to top)

Example 1: Convert (45)10 to Binary

Number.

Decimal to Binary Conversion

Example 2: Convert (234)10 to Binary
Number
 Example of Decimal to Binary Conversion
Decimal to Octal Conversion

Following are the steps to convert Decimal

Number System to Octal Number System:

 Divide the number by the base value of

the Octal Number System i.e. 8 you

want to convert it from
 Note the remainder

 Keep dividing the quotient by the base

value 8 until it becomes zero and note

the remainder of each division
 Write all noted remainders in reverse

order (bottom to top)

Example 1: Convert (186)10 to Octal

Number.
Decimal to Octal Conversion
Example 2: Convert (1683)10 to Octal
Number.

Example of Decimal to Octal Conversion

Decimal to Hexadecimal
Conversion

Following are the steps to convert Decimal

Number System to Hexadecimal Number
System:

 Divide the number by the base value of

the Hexadecimal Number System i.e.

16 you want to convert it from
 Note the remainder
  Keep dividing the quotient by the base

value 16 untill it becomes zero and

note the remainder of each division
 Write all noted remainders in reverse

order (bottom to top)

Example 1: Convert (763)10 to

Hexadecimal Number.

Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion

Example 2: Convert (2940)10 to
Hexadecimal Number.

Example Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion

Binary to decimal Conversion

Following are the steps for converting Binary

to Decimal number:

1. Write down binary number

2. Starting from right to left, Write

position number of each bit of given

binary code
3. Find positional value of each bit by

raising its position number as power to

the base 2
4. Multiply each bit with its positional

value and find its corresponding

decimal number
5. Add all these decimal numbers to find

equivalent Decimal number of given

Binary Number.

Example 1: Convert (10011)2 to Decimal

Number
 Binary to Decimal Conversion
Example 2: Convert (111100)2 to
Decimal Number

1 x 25 + 1 x 2 4 + 1 x 2 3 + 1 x 2 2 +
0 x 21 + 0 x 2 0
= 32 + 16 + 8 + 4
+ 0 + 0
= (61)10

Octal to decimal Conversion

Following are the steps for converting octal

to decimal number:

1. Write down octal number

2. Starting from right to left, Write

position number of each digit of given

octal code
3. Find positional value of each bit by

raising its position number as power to

the base 8
4. Multiply each bit with its positional

value and find its corresponding

decimal number
 5. Add all these decimal numbers to find

equivalent Decimal number of given

Octal Number.

Example 1: Convert (336)8 to Decimal

Number

Octal to decimal conversion

Example 2: Convert (1325)8 to Decimal
Number

1 x 83 + 3 x 8 2 + 2 x 8 1 + 5 x 8 0
= 512 + 192 + 16 + 5
= (725)10

Hexadecimal to decimal
Conversion

Following are the steps for converting

Hexadecimal to Decimal number:

1. Write down Hexadecimal number

 2. Starting from right to left, Write

position number of each symbol (digit

or character) of given hexadecimal
code
3. Find positional value of each symbol

(digit or character) by raising its

position number as power to the base
16
4. Multiply each bit with its positional

value and find its corresponding

decimal number
5. Add all these decimal numbers to find

equivalent Decimal number of given

Hexadecimal Number.

Example 1: Convert (7AC)16 to Decimal

Number

Hexadecimal to decimal conversion

Example 2: Convert (1BF6)16 to Decimal
Number
 1 x 163 + 11 x 162 + 15 x 161 + 6 x
80
= 4096 + 2816 + 240 +
6
= (7158)10

Binary to Octal Conversion

1. Write Binary Number

2. From right to left, group all the bits of

binary in the set of three

3. Add 0 to the left of the last bit of given

binary number incase set of 3 bit is not

formed
4. Write octal no for each corresponding

set of 3 bits
5. Group these octal digits together to

form equivalent octal number

Example 1: Convert (100110101)2 in

Octal Number
 Binary to octal conversion
Example 2: Convert (1011)2 in Octal
Number

1 0 1 1
001 011
13
=(13)8

Octal to Binary Conversion

1. Write octal

number

2. Replace each digit of octal number with

its equivalent set of 3-bit

3. From left to write Arrange and write all

3-bit sets together and form binary

equivalent of given given octal number.
Example 1: convert (745)8 into binary
number

Octal to binary conversion

Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion

1. Write Binary Number

2. From right to left, group all the bits of

binary in the set of four

3. Add 0 to the left of the last bit of given

binary number incase set of 4 bit is not

formed
4. Write hexdecimal no for each

corresponding set of 4 bits

5. Group these hexadecimal digits

together to form equivalent octal

number

Example 1: Convert (1100110101)2 in

hexadecimal Number
 Binary to hexadecimal conversion
Example 2: Convert (11101001101)2 in
Hexadecimal no

1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
1

0111 0100 1101

7 4 D

= (74D)16

Hexadecimal to binary
conversion

1. Write hexadecimal

number

2. Replace each digit of hexadecimal

number with its equivalent set of 4-bit

 3. From left to write Arrange and write all

4-bit sets together and form binary

equivalent of given hexadecimal
number.

Example 1: convert (CA12)16 into binary

number

Hexadecimal to binary conversion

Conversion of Decimal
Number with fractional
part to Binary number
Following are the steps to convert the
fractional part of a decimal number to binary
number system:

 multiply the fractional part by the base

value 2 repeatedly till the fractional

part becomes 0.
  from top to bottom, Write integer part

of the number to get equivlent binary

number.
 If the fractional part does not become 0

in successive multiplication, then stop

after 10 multiplications. In some cases,
fractional part may start repeating,
then stop further calculation.

Example 1: convert (0.625)10 to binary

number.

Decimal with fractional part to binary

conversion
Example 2: convert (.36)10 to binary
number
 Example of Decimal number with fractional
part to binary number conversion
Conversion of Decimal Number with
fractional part to Octal number

Following are the steps to convert the

fractional part of a decimal number to Octal
number system:

 multiply the fractional part by the base

value 8 repeatedly till the fractional

part becomes 0.
 from top to bottom, Write integer part

of the number to get equivlent Octal

number.
 If the fractional part does not become 0

in successive multiplication, then stop

 after 10 multiplications. In some cases,
fractional part may start repeating,
then stop further calculation.

Example 1: convert (0.175)10 to Octal

number.

Conversion of Decimal no with fractional part

to Octal no
Example 2: convert (0.345)10 to octal
number
 Example of Conversion of Decimal no with
fractional part to Octal no
Conversion of Decimal Number with
fractional part to Hexadecimal number

Following are the steps to convert the

fractional part of a decimal number to
Hexadecimal number system:

 multiply the fractional part by the base

value 16 repeatedly till the fractional

part becomes 0.
 from top to bottom, Write integer part

of the number to get equivlent

Hexadecimal number.
 If the fractional part does not become 0

in successive multiplication, then stop

after 10 multiplications. In some cases,
fractional part may start repeating,
then stop further calculation.

Example 1: convert (0.175)10 to

Hexadecimal number.
conversion of decimal no with fractional part
to hexadecimal no
Example 2: convert (0.220)10 to
Hexadecimal number

Example of conversion of decimal no with

fractional part to hexadecimal no
Binary with fractional part to decimal
Conversion

Following are the steps for converting Binary

with Fractional part to Decimal number:

1. Write down binary number

2. Find positional value of each bit by

raising its position number as power to

the base 2
 3. Multiply each bit with its positional

value and find its corresponding

decimal number
4. Add all these decimal numbers to find

equivalent Decimal number of given

Binary Number.

Example 1: Convert (10011.11)2 to

Decimal Number

Binary with fractional part to decimal

Conversion
Example 2: Convert (101.01)2 to Decimal
Number

1×22 + 0x21 + 1×20 . 0x2-1 + 1×2-

2

= 4 + 0 + 1 . 0 + 0.25
= (5.25)10
Binary with fractional part to Octal
Conversion

 Write Binary Number

 Group all the bits of binary in the set of

three
 Add 0 to the left of the last bit of

integer part and to the right of the last

bit if the fractional part of given
primary number, incase set of 3 bit is
not formed
 Write octal no for each corresponding

set of 3 bits
 Group these octal digits together to

form equivalent octal number

Example 1: Convert (10101.01101)2 in

Octal Number
 Binary with fractional part to Octal
Conversion
Example 2: Convert (1011.10)2 in Octal
Number

1 0 1 1 . 1 0
011 011 . 100
3 3 . 4
=(33.4)8

Binary with fractional part to

Hexadecimal Conversion

1. Write Binary Number

2. Group all the bits of binary in the set of

four
3. Add 0 to the left of the last bit of

integer part and to the right of the last

bit if the fractional part of given binary
number, incase set of 4 bit is not
formed
4. Write hexadecimal no for each

corresponding set of 4 bits

5. Group these hexadecimal digits

together to form equivalent

hexadecimal number
 Example 1: Convert (110101.011011)2 in
Octal Number

Binary with fractional part to Hexadecimal

Conversion
Example 2: Convert
(1011111011.1011010)2 in Octal
Number

1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 . 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
0010 1111 1011 . 1011 0100
2 F B . B 4
=(2FB.B4)16
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Leave a Comment / Uncategorized / By Sanjay
Kumar

2. What will be the output of the

following code?
2. SELECT CONCAT
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3. SELECT LCASE (’INFORMATICS
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Leave a Comment / Uncategorized / By Sanjay
Kumar

3 thoughts on “Encoding
Scheme and Number
System Class 11 Notes”

KRISH SHARMA
MAY 11, 2024 AT 8:32 AM
“Thank you so much for sharing these
incredible Class 11th Computer Science
notes! They’ve been an absolute lifesaver
in understanding complex concepts and
clarifying doubts. Your effort in compiling
these resources is truly appreciated and
immensely helpful for students like me.
These notes are a game-changer in our
learning journey. Grateful for your
dedication and generosity in helping us
succeed!”

Reply

SANJAY KUMAR
MAY 13, 2024 AT 3:11 AM

Glad you think so..Best Wishes!!

Reply

SARTHAK
SEPTEMBER 18, 2024 AT 2:11 PM

Thanks for the notes , may god bless you !!

Reply

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