PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32

SAMPLE PAPER TEST 04 FOR BOARD EXAM 2024

(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 70
CLASS : XII DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
All the sections are compulsory.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion-Reasoning based questions
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each
and Section E contains three long questions of five marks each
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and
E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 16 carry 1 mark each.

1. The self-inductance L of a solenoid of length l and area of cross-section A, with a fixed number
of turns N increases as:
(a) l and A increase. (b) l decreases and A increases.
(c) l increases and A decreases. (d) both l and A decrease.
Ans: (b) l decreases and A increases.

2. Consider the two idealised systems: (i) a parallel plate capacitor with large plates and small
separation and (ii) a long solenoid of length L, R, radius of cross-section. In (i), E is ideally
treated as a constant between plates and zero outside. In (ii), magnetic field is constant inside the
solenoid and zero outside. These idealised assumptions, however, contradict fundamental laws as
below:
(a) Case (i) contradicts Gauss' law for electrostatic fields.
(b) Case (ii) contradicts Gauss' law for magnetic fields.
(c) Case (i) agrees with  E.dl  0
S

(d) Case (ii) contradicts  H .dl  I en

Ans: (b) Case (ii) contradicts Gauss' law for magnetic fields.

3. Which of the following characteristics of electrons determines the current in a conductor?

(a) Drift velocity alone. (b) Thermal velocity alone.
(c) Both drift velocity and thermal velocity. (d) Neither drift nor thermal velocity.
Ans: (a) Drift velocity alone.

4. In Young’s double slit experiment, the distance between the slits is reduced to half and the
distance between the slits and the screen is doubled. The fringe width
(a) will be double. (b) will be half. (c) will remain same. (d) will be four times.
Ans: (d) will be four times.

5. You are given four sources of light each one providing a light of a single colour- red, blue, green,
and yellow. Suppose the angle of refraction for a beam of yellow light corresponding to a
particular angle of incidence at the interface of two media is 90o. Which of the following

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 statements is correct if the source of yellow light is replaced with that of other lights without
changing the angle of incidence?
(a) the beam of red light would undergo total internal reflection
(b) the beam of red light would bend towards normal while it gets refracted through the second
medium
(c) the beam of blue light would undergo total internal reflection
(d) the beam of green light would bend away from the normal as it gets refracted through the
second medium
Ans: (c) the beam of blue light would undergo total internal reflection

6. Suppose a closed square loop whose area is 5i  6 j is placed in an electric field of 2i  4 j , then
what will be the electric flux?
(a) (2i  4 j ) Vm (b) 34 Vm (c) 10 Vm (d) (3i  2 j ) Vm
Ans: (b) 34 Vm

7. The electric flux through the surface:

(a) in Figure (iv) is the largest.

(b) in Figure (iii) is the least.
(c) Figure (ii) is the same as Figure (iii) but is smaller than Figure (iv).
(d) is the same for all the figures.
Ans: (d) is the same for all the figures.

8. An EM wave radiates outwards from a dipole antenna, with E0 as the amplitude of its electric
field vector. The electric field E0 which transports significant energy from the source falls off as:
(a) 1/r3 (b) 1/r2 (c) 1/r (d) remains constant.
Ans: (c) 1/r

9. A circular current loop of magnetic moment M is in an arbitrary orientation in an external

magnetic field B. The work done to rotate the loop by 30° about an axis perpendicular to its
plane is:
(a) MB (b) √3MB/2 (c) MB/2 (d) zero.
Ans: (d) zero.

10. The radius of curvature of the curved surface of a plano-convex lens is 20 cm. If the refractive
index of the material of the lens be 1.5, it will:
(a) act as a convex lens only for the objects that lie on its curved side.
(b) act as a concave lens for the objects that lie on its curved side.
(c) act as a convex lens irrespective of the side on which the object lies.
(d) act as a concave lens irrespective of side on which the object lies.
Ans: (c) act as a convex lens irrespective of the side on which the object lies.

11. If m1 and m2 be the linear magnifications of the objective and eyepiece of a compound
microscope, then the magnifying power of the compound microscope is:
(a) m1 + m2 (b) m1 – m2 (c) m1 × m2 (d) (m1 + m2)/2
Ans: (c) m1 × m2

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12. When cell of e.m.f. E is connected with an external resistance R, the p.d. across the cell becomes
V. The expression for the internal resistance of the cell is
(a) (E – V)R/V (b) (E + V)R/E (c) (V – E)R/V (d) (V – E)R/E
Ans: (a) (E – V)R/V

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

13. Assertion (A): No interference pattern is detected when two coherent sources are infinitely close
to each other.
Reason (R): Fringe width is inversely proportional to separation between the slit.
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
When d is negligibly small, fringe width β which is proportional to 1/d may become too large.
Even a single fringe may occupy the whole screen. Hence the pattern cannot be detected.

14. Assertion (A): The magnetic field configuration with three poles is not possible.
Reason (R): No torque acts on a bar magnet itself due to its own field. 1
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

15. Assertion (A): X-ray travels with the speed of light.

Reason (R): X-ray is an e.m. wave.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

16. Assertion (A): An electron and a proton moving with same velocity enter a magnetic field. The
force experienced by the proton is more than the force experienced by the electron.
Reason (R): The mass of proton is more than the mass of the electron.
Ans: (c) A is true but R is false.

SECTION – B
Questions 17 to 21 carry 2 marks each.

17. Geiger–Marsden scattering experiment, the trajectory of a-particles in Coulomb’s field of a

heavy nucleus is shown in the figure.

(a) What do ‘b’ and ‘’ represent in the figure?

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 (b) What will be the value of ‘b’ for (i)  = 0°, and (ii)  = 180° ?
Ans: (a) b represents impact parameter
 represents scattering angle
(b) (i) For  = 0° impact parameter is large or infinite
(ii) For  = 180° impact parameter is zero

18. (a) A concave (or convex mirror) is held under water. Will its focal length change?
(b) What will happen in case of concave (or convex lens)?
Ans: (a) No, the focal length of mirror does not depend upon the refractive index of the
surrounding medium.
(b) The focal length of lens depends on the refractive index of the surrounding medium So, the
focal length of the lens will increase when immersed in water.
OR
Draw the graph showing intensity distribution of fringes with phase angle due to diffraction
through single slit.
Ans: Plot of intensity distribution of diffraction with proper labelling.

19. (a) Why a pure semiconductor behaves like an insulator at 0 K?

(b) Why is the energy gap much more in silicon than in germanium?
Ans: (a) The main cause for the conduction of any semiconductor is the number of free electrons
in it. The free electrons has the kinetic energy which depends upon the temperature. As the
temperature is 0 K, the kinetic energy will be zero and the free electrons are not available for
conduction.
(b) The behaviour of semiconductor depends upon the extent of the energy gap between the
valence band and conduction band. Thus, the valence electrons are quite tightly bound to the
parent nuclei in case of silicon as compared to germanium.

20. Deduce an expression for the frequency of revolution of a charged particle in a magnetic field
and show that it is independent of velocity or energy of the particle.
Ans: Magnetic force on charged particle in magnetic field is given by F  qvB
This is equal to the centripetal force acting on the particle.
mv 2 v qB
F  qvB  
r r m
v qB
Frequency is given by f  
2 r 2 m
Hence, frequency is independent of velocity of the particle.

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21. Draw V–I characteristics of a p–n junction diode. Explain, why the current under reverse bias is
almost independent of the applied voltage up to the critical voltage.
Ans:

Since, reverse current is due to flow of minority charge carriers across the junction, it is limited
due to the concentration of minority carriers on either side of the junction. It is therefore
independent of the voltage applied.

SECTION – C
Questions 22 to 28 carry 3 marks each.
22. A capacitor made of two parallel plates, each of area ‘A’ and separation ‘d’ is charged by an
external dc source. Show that during charging, the displacement current inside the capacitor is
same as the current charging the capacitor.
Ans: The charge on the plates is because of the conduction current flowing in the wires.
dq
Ic  …(i)
dt
According to Maxwell’s equation, displacement current between the plates is given by,
d
Id  0 E …(ii)
dt
where, E is the electric flux.
q
Now, using Gauss' theorem, E 
0
dq
So, from Eq. (ii), I d   0  
dt   0 
dq
 Id  …(iii)
dt
Therefore, from Eqs. (i) and (iii), both the displacement current and conduction currents are
equal.
Outside the capacitor, Id = 0 so I = Ic
Inside the capacitor, Ic = 0 so I = Id

23. An a-particle and a proton are accelerated through the same potential. Find the ratio of their de-
Broglie wavelengths.

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 Ans: The de-Broglie wavelength of a particle of mass m and moving with velocity v is given by
h
 ( p  mv)
mv
de-Broglie wavelength of a proton of mass m1 and kinetic energy k is given by
h
1  ( p  2mk )
2 m1k
h
1  .(i) [∵ k = qV]
2 m1qV
For an alpha particle mass m2 carrying charge q is accelerated through potential V, then
h
2 
2 m2 q0 V
∵ For   particle ( 42 He) q0  2q and m2  4 m1
h
 2   (ii )
2  4 m1  2q  V
The ratio of corresponding wavelength, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
1 h 2  m1  4  2qV 4 2 2 2
    
2 2 m1qV h 2 2 1
OR
Figure shows the stopping potential (V0) for the photoelectron versus 1/λ graph, for two metals A
and B, λ being the wavelength of incident light.

(a) How is the value of Planck’s constant determined from the graph?
(b) If the distance between the light source and the surface of metal A is increased, how will the
stopping potential from electrons emitted from it be effected? Justify your answer.
Ans: (a) Planck’s constant can be determined from the gradient of the graph.
Gradient = hc/e
h = Planck’s constant
c = Velocity of light in vacuum
e = Charge of electron
Gradient to be measured from graph. The values of c and e are known. Hence, h can be
determined.
(b) If distance between source of light and surface of metal A is increased, the intensity of
incident light decreases. But stopping potential does not depend on the intensity of the incident
light. So, the stopping potential will not be affected.

24. Explain giving reasons for the following:

(a) Photoelectric current in a photocell increases with the increase in the intensity of the incident
radiation.

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 (b) The stopping potential (V0) varies linearly with the frequency () of the incident radiation for
a given photosensitive surface with the slope remaining the same for different surfaces.
(c) Maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is independent of the intensity of incident
radiation.
Ans: Ans: (a) The collision of a photon can cause emission of a photoelectron (if the frequency is
above the threshold frequency). As intensity of the frequency increases, number of photons
increases. Hence, the current increases.
hv hv0
(b) We have, eV0  h(v  v0 )  V0  
e e
 h
Graph of V0 and v is a straight line and slope    is a constant.
 e

(c) Maximum K.E. for different surfaces = h(v – v0). Hence, it depends on the frequency and not
on the intensity of the incident radiation.

25. Using Kirchhoff's rules, calculate the current through the 40  and 20  resistors in the
following circuit:

Ans: In loop ABCDA,

+80 – 20I2 + 40I1 = 0
⇒ 4 = I2 – 2I1
In loop FCDEF,
–40I1 – 10(I1 + I2) + 40 = 0
⇒ –50I1 – 10I2 + 40 = 0
⇒ 5I1 + I2 = 4
Solving these two equations, we get
I1 = 0 A and I2 = 4 A
OR
(a) Define the term ‘conductivity’ of a metallic wire. Write its SI unit.

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 (b) Using the concept of free electrons in a conductor, derive the expression for the conductivity
of a wire in terms of current density and relaxation time. Hence, obtain the relation between
current density and the applied electric field E.
Ans: (a) Conductivity of a metallic wire is the ratio of current density (J) to electric field strength
(E). SI Unit is Siemens/meter.
(b) Expression for the conductivity of a wire in terms of number density and relaxation time:
V
As we know that i  neAVd   neAV  V  neAVd  R
R
l
 El  neAVd   E  neVd 
A
eE ne 2 1 ne2
 E  ne     1   
m m  m
ne 2
  ....(1)
m
Relation between current density and the applied electric field E:
From 1st equation of motion, v  u  at
eE
Vd  at  Vd  
m
 i  neAV
i
 J  current density
A
 eE  ne 2
 J  ne(v d )  ne     J   E
m  m
ne 2
 J E 
m

26. Draw the circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier and explain the working. Also, give the input
and output waveforms.
Ans: The circuit diagram of full wave rectifier is shown below:

Because of the centre tap in the secondary of the transformer, diodes 1 and 2 get forward biased
in successive halves of the input ac cycle. However, the current through the load flows in the
same direction in both the halves of the input ac cycle. We therefore, get a unidirectional
(rectified) current through the load for the full cycle of the input ac.
The input and output wave forms are as shown below.

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27. An optical instrument uses an objective lens of power 100 D and an eyepiece of power 40 D. The
final image is formed at infinity when the tube length of the instrument is kept at 20 cm.
(a) Identify the optical instrument.
(b) Calculate the angular magnification produced by the instrument.
Ans: (a) The instrument is called compound microscope because the focal length of objective
lens is smaller than the focal length of eyepiece.
(b) Power of objective, Po = 100 D
∴ fo = 1/100 m = 1 cm
Power of eyepiece, Pe = 40 D
∴ fe = 1/40 m = 2.5 cm
Length of tube, L = 20 cm
D = Least distance of distinct vision = 25 cm
L D
Angular magnification = 
fo fe
20 25
∴ Angular magnification =   200
1 2.5
OR
(a) If one of the two identical slits producing interference in Young’s experiment is covered with
glass, so that the light intensity passing through it is reduced to 50%, find the ratio of the
maximum and minimum intensity of the fringe in the interference pattern.
(b) What kind of fringes do you expect to observe if white light is used instead of
monochromatic light?
Ans: (a) After the introduction of the glass sheet (say, on the second slit),
I 1
we have, 2  50% 
I1 2
a2 1 1
∴ Ratio of the amplitudes =  
a1 2 2
2
 1 
2 1 2
I max  a1  a2   2   2 1 
Hence,         34
I min  a1  a2   1  1   2 1 
 
 2 

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 (b) The central fringe remains white.
No clear fringe pattern is seen after a few (coloured) fringes on either side of the central fringe.

28. A bar magnet of dipole moment 3 Am2 rests with its centre on a frictionless pivot. A force F is
applied at right angles to the axis of the magnet, 10 cm from the pivot. It is observed that an
external magnetic field of 0.25 T is required to hold the magnet in equilibrium at an angle of 30°
with the field. Calculate the value of F. How will the equilibrium be affected if F is withdrawn?
Ans: Dipole moment of the magnet, M = 3 Am2
F = force applied at a distance 10 cm from the centre

It is now in equilibrium at an angle, θ = 30˚

External magnetic field strength, B = 0.25 T
The magnet will be at rest when the total torque acting on it is 0.
It means that the torque due to applied force F is equal to the torque due to magnetic force.
Torque due to applied force, F × r
= F × 10 × 10–2
Torque due to magnetic force = MB sin θ
= 3 × 0.25 × sin 30˚ 1
Since, torque due to applied force F = Torque due to magnetic force, so
F × 10–1 = 3 × 0.25 × sin 30˚
F = 10 × 3 × 0.25 x sin 30˚ = 10 × 3 × 0.25 × 0.5
= 3.75 N
If F is withdrawn, the magnet will go back to its original position.

SECTION – D (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 29 to 30 carry 4 marks each.

29. Case-Study 1:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
The total number of electric field lines passing a given area in a unit time is defined as the
electric flux.

If the plane is normal to the flow of the electric field, the total flux is given as:
 = EA
When the same plane is tilted at an angle , the projected area is given as A cos q and the total
flux through this surface is given as
 = EA cos 
where,
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 • E is the magnitude of the electric field.
• A is the area of the surface through which the electric flux is to be calculated.
•  is the angle made by the plane and the axis parallel to the direction of flow of the electric
field.
(i) If a unit positive charge is kept in the air, then what is the total flux coming out of unit
charge?
(ii) On which factor the net flux through a closed surface in a given medium depends?
(iii) When is the flux through a surface taken as positive?
OR
What is the value of electric flux () on a plane of area 1 m2 on which an electric field of 2 V/m
crosses with an angle of 30°.
q
Ans: (i) The total flux coming out is  0 1 , as  
0
(ii) It depends on the net charge enclosed. by the surface is positive.
(iii) It will be positive when the flux lines are directed outwards.
OR
 = EA cos  = (2)(1)(cos 90° – 30°) = (2)(1)(cos 60°) = (2)(1)(1/2) = 1 Vm

30. Case-Study 2:
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions.
The triboelectric series is a list that ranks materials according to their tendency to gain or lose
electrons. The process of electron transfer as a result of two objects coming into contact with one
another and then separating is called triboelectric charging. During such an interaction, one of
the two objects will always gain electrons (becoming negatively charged) and the other object
will lose electrons (becoming positively charged). The relative position of the two objects on the
triboelectric series will define which object gains electrons and which object loses electrons.
In triboelectric series, materials are ranked from high to low in terms of the tendency for the
material to lose electron. If an object high up on this list (glass, for example) is rubbed with an
object low down on the list (teflon, for example), the glass will lose electrons to the teflon. The
glass will, in this case, become positively charged and the teflon will become negatively charged.
Materials in the middle of the list (steel and wood, for example) are items those do not have a
strong tendency to give up or accept electrons.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions

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 (i) Which materials have the tendency to become positively charged. [1]
(ii) Name two materials which do not have a strong tendency to give up or accept electrons. [1]
(iii) If human hair is rubbed with amber, how those will be charged? [2]
OR
How the triboelectric processing takes place? [2]
Ans: (i) In triboelectric series, materials are ranked from high to low in terms of the tendency for
the material to lose electron i.e., they are ranked high to low tendency of getting positively
charged.
(ii) Materials in the middle of the list (steel and wood, for example) are items those do not have a
strong tendency to give up or accept electrons.
(iii) Since, human hair is placed at the upper portion of the list, it will leave electron and will be
positively charged. Since, Amber is placed at the lower portion of the list, it will accept electron
and will be negatively charged.
OR
The process of electron transfer as a result of two objects coming into contact with one another
and then separating is called triboelectric charging.

SECTION – E
Questions 31 to 33 carry 5 marks each.

31. (a) State the postulates of Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom and derive the expression for Bohr
radius.
(b) Find the ratio of the longest and the shortest wavelengths amongst the spectral lines of
Balmer series in the spectrum of hydrogen atom.
Ans: (a) Postulates of Bohr Model of hydrogen atom:
Postulate–I: The electrons revolve in a circular orbit around the nucleus. The electrostatic force
of attraction between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons provide
necessary centripetal force for circular motion.
Postulate – II: The electrons can revolve only in certain selected orbits in which angular
h
momentum of electrons is equal to the integral multiple , where h is Planck’s constant. These
2
orbits are known as stationary or permissible orbits. The electrons do not radiate energy while
revolving in these orbits.
Postulate–III: When an electrons jumps from higher energy orbit to lower energy orbit, energy is
radiated in the form of a quantum or photon of energy hv, which is equal to the difference of the
energies of the electron in the two orbits.
Expression for Bohr radius:
Let us consider
m = Mass of an electron
r = Radius of the circular orbit in which the
electron is revolving
v = Speed of electron
e = Charge of electron
From 1st postulate
Centripetal force = Electrostatic force
mv 2 1 e2 2 1 e2
 v  ….. (1)
r 4 0 r 2 4 0 mr
From 2nd postulate,
nh nh n2 h2
mvr  v  v2  2 2 2 …. (2)
2 2 mr 4 m r
Comparing (1) and (2), we get

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 1 e2 n2h2  n 2h2
 2 2 2 r 0 2
4 0 mr 4 m r  me
(b) Shortest wavelength in Balmer series:
1  1 1 4
 R  2    S 
S 2  R
Longest wavelength in Balmer series:
1 1 1 36
 R  2  2   L 
L 2 3  5R
36
L 5R 9
So,  
S 4 5
R
OR
In the Auger process an atom makes a transition to a lower state without emitting a photon. The
excess energy is transferred to an outer electron which may be ejected by the atom. (This is
called an Auger electron). Assuming the nucleus to be massive, calculate the kinetic energy of an
n = 4 Auger electron emitted by Chromium by absorbing the energy from a n = 2 to n = 1
transition.
Ans: The energy En of the nth state
1 1 1 1 
E n   Z2 R  2  2   Z 2 R    (for n1  1, n 2  2 )
 n1 n 2  1 4 
Z = 24
R = Rydberg constant.
3
 E n  Z2 R
4
The energy required to eject an electron from n = 4 state is
1 1
E 4  Z2 R 2  Z 2 R
4 16
Energy given to electron is converted into K.E. of ejected electron.
Hence, the K.E. of Auger (ejected) electron  E n  E 4
3 1 11 11
K.E  Z2 R  Z2 R  Z2 R   24  24  13.6eV
4 16 16 16
K.E.  11 36  13.6  5385.6eV

32. A capacitor of capacitance C1 is charged to a potential V1 while another capacitor of capacitance

C2 is charged to a potential difference V2. The capacitors are now disconnected from their
respective charging batteries and connected in parallel to each other.
(i) Find the total energy stored in the two capacitors before they are connected.
(ii) Find the total energy stored in the parallel combination of the two capacitors.
(iii) Explain the reason for the difference of energy in parallel combination in comparison to the
total energy before they are connected.
Ans: (a) Total energy before they are connected.

(b) Let be the potential across the parallel combination

Applying conservation of charge, we can write

The total energy stored in parallel combination

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 (c) The difference of energy is due to the loss of energy which is due to the movement of charge
during the sharing of the charge.

OR
(a) Derive an expression for drift velocity of electrons in a conductor. Hence, deduce Ohm’s law.
(b) A wire whose cross-sectional area is increasing linearly from its one end to the other, is
connected across a battery of V volts. Which of the following quantities remain constant in the
wire? (i) drift speed (ii) current density (iii) electric current (iv) electric field
Justify your answer.
Ans: (a) Let an electric field E be applied to the conductor.
eE
Acceleration of each electron is a  
m
eE
Velocity gained by the electron, v   t
m
Let the conductor contains n electrons per unit volume. The average value of time 't', between
their successive collisions, is the relaxation time, ''.
eE
Hence, average drift velocity, vd   
m
The amount of charge, crossing area A, in time t,
= neAvdt = It
 eE 
Substituting the value of vd, we get I t  neA    t
m 
2
 e A n 
I  E
 m 
I  e 2 n  e 2 n
   E   E , where   is the conductivity
A  m  m
But I = JA, where, J is the current density
 e 2 n 
J  E E
 m 
This is Ohm's law
(b) (c) Electric current will remain constant in the wire.
All other quantities, depend on the cross sectional area of the wire.

33. (a) Describe any two characteristic features which distinguish interference and diffraction
phenomena. Derive the expression for the intensity at a point of the interference pattern in
Young's double slit experiment.
(b) In the diffraction due to a single slit experiment, the aperture of the slit is 3 mm. If
monochromatic light of wavelength 620 nm is incident normally on the slit, calculate the
separation between the first order minima and the 3rd order maxima on one side of the screen.
The distance between the slit and the screen is 1.5 m.
Ans: (a) (i) Interference pattern has number of equally spaced bright and dark bands while
diffraction pattern has central bright maximum which twice as wide as the other maxima.

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 (ii) lnterference is obtained by the superposing two waves originating from two narrow slits. The
diffraction pattern is the superposition of the continuous family of waves originating from each
point on a single slit.
(iii) In interference pattern, the intensity of all bright fringes are same, while in diffraction
pattern, intensity of bright fringes go on decreasing with the increasing order of the maxima
(iv) In interference pattern, the first maximum falls at an angle of λ/a, where a is the separation
between two narrow slits, while in diffraction pattern, at the same angle first minimum occurs
.(where ‘a’ is the width of single slit.)
Displacement produced by source ‘S1’
Y1 = acos t
Displacement produced by the other source ‘S2’
Y2 = acos (wt + f)
Resultant displacement Y = Y1 + Y2
   
= a [cos t + cos (t + )]  2a cos   cos   t  
2  2
 
Amplitude of resultant wave, A  2a cos  
2
2
Intensity, I  A
 
 I  KA2  K 4a 2 cos 2  
2
D
(b) Distance of first order minima from centre of the central maxima = X D1 
a
7 D
Distance of third order maxima from centre of the central maxima, X B 3 
2a
∴ Distance between first order minima and third order maxima =
7 D  D 5 D
X B 3  X D1   
2a a 2a
9
5 1.5  620 10
  775 10 6 m  7.75 104 m
2  3 10 3
OR
(a) Under what conditions is the phenomenon of total internal reflection of light observed?
Obtain the relation between the critical angle of incidence and the refractive index of the
medium.
(b) Three lenses of focal lengths + 10 cm, – 10 cm and + 30 cm are arranged coaxially as in the
figure given below. Find the position of the final image formed by the combination.

Ans: (a) (i) Light travels from denser to rarer medium

(ii) Angle of incidence is more than the critical angle
1
For the grazing incidence,  sin iC  sin 900  1   
sin iC
(b) For convex lens of focal length 10 cm
1 1 1 1 1 1
      v1  15cm
f1 v1 u1 10 v1 30
Object distance for concave lens u2 = 15 – 5 = 10 cm
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 1 1 1 1 1 1
      v2  
f 2 v2 u2 10 v2 10
For third lens v2 = u3
1 1 1 1 1 1
      v3  30cm
f3 v3 u3 30 v3 

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