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Asymptotic NOTATION

Asymptotic analysis measures the efficiency of algorithms without relying on machine-specific constants, using mathematical tools called asymptotic notations. These notations, including Big O, Omega, and Theta, help categorize algorithms based on their time or space complexities as input size grows, focusing on growth rates rather than direct comparisons. Theta notation analyzes average-case complexity, Big O represents worst-case complexity, and Omega indicates best-case complexity.

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10 views2 pages

Asymptotic NOTATION

Asymptotic analysis measures the efficiency of algorithms without relying on machine-specific constants, using mathematical tools called asymptotic notations. These notations, including Big O, Omega, and Theta, help categorize algorithms based on their time or space complexities as input size grows, focusing on growth rates rather than direct comparisons. Theta notation analyzes average-case complexity, Big O represents worst-case complexity, and Omega indicates best-case complexity.

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The main idea of asymptotic analysis is to have a measure of the efficiency of algorithms that

don’t depend on machine-specific constants and don’t require algorithms to be implemented


and time taken by programs to be compared. Asymptotic notations are mathematical tools to
represent the time complexity of algorithms for asymptotic analysis.

Asymptotic Notations:

Asymptotic Notations are mathematical tools used to analyze the performance of algorithms
by understanding how their efficiency changes as the input size grows.

These notations provide a concise way to express the behavior of an algorithm’s time or
space complexity as the input size approaches infinity.

Rather than comparing algorithms directly, asymptotic analysis focuses on understanding the
relative growth rates of algorithms’ complexities.

It enables comparisons of algorithms’ efficiency by abstracting away machine-specific


constants and implementation details, focusing instead on fundamental trends.

Asymptotic analysis allows for the comparison of algorithms’ space and time complexities by
examining their performance characteristics as the input size varies.

By using asymptotic notations, such as Big O, Big Omega, and Big Theta, we can categorize
algorithms based on their worst-case, best-case, or average-case time or space complexities,
providing valuable insights into their efficiency.

There are mainly three asymptotic notations:

1) Big-O Notation (O-notation)

2) Omega Notation (Ω-notation)

3) Theta Notation (Θ-notation)

1. Theta Notation (Θ-Notation):

Theta notation encloses the function from above and below. Since it represents the upper and
the lower bound of the running time of an algorithm, it is used for analyzing the average-case
complexity of an algorithm.

Theta (Average Case) You add the running times for each possible input combination and
take the average in the average case. Let g and f be the function from the set of natural
numbers to itself. The function f is said to be Θ(g), if there are constants c1, c2 > 0 and a
natural number n0 such that c1* g(n) ≤ f(n) ≤ c2 * g(n) for all n ≥ n0

2. Big-O Notation (O-notation):

Big-O notation represents the upper bound of the running time of an algorithm. Therefore, it
gives the worst-case complexity of an algorithm.
It is the most widely used notation for Asymptotic analysis.

It specifies the upper bound of a function.

The maximum time required by an algorithm or the worst-case time complexity.

.It returns the highest possible output value(big-O) for a given input.

Big-O(Worst Case) It is defined as the condition that allows an algorithm to complete


statement execution in the longest amount of time possible.

If f(n) describes the running time of an algorithm, f(n) is O(g(n)) if there exist a positive
constant C and n0 such that, 0 ≤ f(n) ≤ cg(n) for all n ≥ n0

It returns the highest possible output value (big-O)for a given input.

The execution time serves as an upper bound on the algorithm’s time complexity.

3. Omega Notation (Ω-Notation) :


Omega notation represents the lower bound of the running time of an algorithm. Thus, it
provides the best case complexity of an algorithm.
The execution time serves as a lower bound on the algorithm’s time complexity.
It is defined as the condition that allows an algorithm to complete statement execution
in the shortest amount of time.
Let g and f be the function from the set of natural numbers to itself. The function f is said to
be Ω(g), if there is a constant c > 0 and a natural number n0 such that c*g(n) ≤ f(n) for all n
≥ n0

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