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Ai (PCA)

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a statistical technique for reducing the dimensionality of high-dimensional data to identify patterns and correlations. It involves standardizing data, calculating the covariance matrix, and projecting onto selected eigenvectors to obtain a lower-dimensional representation. While PCA retains most information and aids in visualization, it assumes linearity and can be sensitive to outliers.

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13 views3 pages

Ai (PCA)

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a statistical technique for reducing the dimensionality of high-dimensional data to identify patterns and correlations. It involves standardizing data, calculating the covariance matrix, and projecting onto selected eigenvectors to obtain a lower-dimensional representation. While PCA retains most information and aids in visualization, it assumes linearity and can be sensitive to outliers.

Uploaded by

youngtigercc
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Principal Component Analysis (PCA):

1: Introduction

- Title: Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

- Subtitle: A Dimensionality Reduction Technique

- Image: a simple diagram showing high-dimensional data being reduced to


lower dimension

2: What is PCA?

- Definition: PCA is a statistical technique used to reduce the dimensionality


of high-dimensional data.

- Goal: To identify patterns and correlations in the data and represent it in a


lower-dimensional space.

3: How Does PCA Work?

- Step 1: Standardize the data by subtracting the mean and dividing by the
standard deviation.

- Step 2: Calculate the covariance matrix of the standardized data.

- Step 3: Calculate the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the covariance


matrix.

- Step 4: Select the top k eigenvectors corresponding to the largest


eigenvalues.
- Step 5: Project the original data onto the selected eigenvectors to obtain
the lower-dimensional representation.

4: Key Concepts

- Eigenvectors: directions of maximum variance in the data

- Eigenvalues: amount of variance explained by each eigenvector

- Principal Components: new axes formed by the eigenvectors

5: Advantages of PCA

- Reduces dimensionality while retaining most of the information

- Helps to identify patterns and correlations in the data

- Improves visualization and interpretation of high-dimensional data

6: Disadvantages of PCA

- Assumes linearity and normality of the data

- Can be sensitive to outliers and noisy data

- May not perform well with high-dimensional data having complex


relationships

Slide 7: Applications of PCA


- Image compression

- Data visualization

- Anomaly detection

- Feature extraction

- Regression and classification

8: Example

- Image: a scatter plot of high-dimensional data (e.g. Iris dataset)

- Image: a scatter plot of the same data after applying PCA (reduced to 2D)

9: Conclusion

- PCA is a powerful technique for dimensionality reduction and feature


extraction.

- It has many applications in data science, machine learning, and statistics.

- However, it requires careful consideration of the data and the assumptions


underlying the technique.

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