**Q1: Explain the different layer client-server architectures in detail.

[CO1]**

Client-server architectures typically consist of mul ple layers, each responsible for different aspects of
communica on and processing. Here's a breakdown of the layers:

1. **Presenta on Layer**: This layer handles the user interface and presenta on logic. It interacts
directly with the user, presen ng informa on and gathering input.

2. **Applica on Layer**: Also known as the business logic layer, it processes user requests and
orchestrates the applica on's func onality. It may involve processing data, performing calcula ons, and
making decisions based on business rules.

3. **Data Layer**: This layer manages data storage and retrieval. It interacts with databases or other
data storage systems to store and retrieve informa on as needed by the applica on.

**Q2: What is MVC architecture? [CO1]**

MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture is a design pa ern commonly used in so ware development,

1. **Model**: Represents the applica on's data and business logic. It handles data manipula on,
valida on, and business rules. The model no fies the view of any changes in the data.

2. **View**: Represents the user interface. It displays the data from the model to the user and sends
user input to the controller for processing. The view is responsible for presen ng informa on in a user-
friendly format.

3. **Controller**: Acts as an intermediary between the model and the view. It receives user input from
the view, processes it (usually by upda ng the model), and updates the view accordingly. The controller
handles user interac ons and business logic flow.

**Q3: Comparison of the different layers of architecture. [CO1]**

- **Presenta on Layer**: Interacts directly with users, focusing on user interface and experience. It
handles user input and output.

- **Applica on Layer**: Implements business logic, processing user requests and coordina ng the
applica on's func onality. It serves as the bridge between the presenta on and data layers.

- **Data Layer**: Manages data storage and retrieval. It interacts with databases or other data storage
systems to store, retrieve, and manipulate data as required by the applica on.

Each layer has its own set of concerns and responsibili es, and they work together to achieve the overall
func onality of the system.

**Q4: What is J2EE Web Services? Discuss the different components and containers. [CO1]**

J2EE (Java 2 Pla orm, Enterprise Edi on) Web Services are components that enable communica on and
interoperability between different applica ons over a network, typically the internet. They adhere to
standard protocols such as SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) and REST (Representa onal State
Transfer).

The key components of J2EE Web Services include:

- **Service Provider**: Creates and publishes web services.

- **Service Requestor**: Consumes web services provided by the service provider.

- **Service Registry**: Stores informa on about available web services.

- **Service Broker**: Matches service requestors with service providers.

Containers in J2EE provide a run me environment for deploying and execu ng web services. There are
two main types of containers:

- **Web Container**: Manages the execu on of web-based components such as servlets and JSPs
(JavaServer Pages).

- **EJB (Enterprise JavaBeans) Container**: Manages the execu on of enterprise components such as
EJBs, which are used to implement business logic in J2EE applica ons.
**Q5: What is Advanced Socket Programming? Discuss with an example. [CO1]**

Advanced socket programming involves using sockets to create networked applica ons with more
complex func onality, such as mul -threading, non-blocking I/O, and asynchronous communica on.

One example of advanced socket programming is a mul -client chat server. In this scenario, the server
listens for incoming connec ons from mul ple clients. When a client connects, the server creates a new
thread to handle communica on with that client, allowing mul ple clients to communicate
simultaneously. This requires mul -threading to handle concurrent connec ons efficiently.

**Q6: Write a program for implemen ng the servers. [CO1]**

Sure, here's a simple example of a TCP server implemented in java:

This Java code creates a TCP server that listens for incoming connec ons on port 12345. When a client
connects, it reads data from the client, echoes it back, and then closes the connec on. The server
con nues listening for new connec ons in a loop.
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class TCPServer {
public sta c void main(String[] args) {
// Define port number
int port = 12345;
try {
// Create a server socket
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
System.out.println("Server listening on port " + port);
while (true) {
// Accept incoming connec ons
Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
System.out.println("Connected to " + clientSocket.getInetAddress());
// Create input and output streams
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
// Read data from client
String inputData = in.readLine();
if (inputData != null) {
System.out.println("Received: " + inputData);
// Echo the data back to the client
out.println(inputData);
}
// Close the streams and the socket
in.close();
out.close();
clientSocket.close();
}
} catch (IOExcep on e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}}}