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Lecture 9-Database access

The document discusses database access in Python, highlighting the use of SQLite for local data storage and the limitations of multi-user access. It introduces the Python Database API Specification v2.0 (DBAPI2) for consistent database interaction and mentions Object-Relational Managers (ORMs) like SQLAlchemy for easier database manipulation. SQLAlchemy allows for abstraction over database APIs, facilitating code portability and ease of use across different database systems.

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3 views

Lecture 9-Database access

The document discusses database access in Python, highlighting the use of SQLite for local data storage and the limitations of multi-user access. It introduces the Python Database API Specification v2.0 (DBAPI2) for consistent database interaction and mentions Object-Relational Managers (ORMs) like SQLAlchemy for easier database manipulation. SQLAlchemy allows for abstraction over database APIs, facilitating code portability and ease of use across different database systems.

Uploaded by

remamrema5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database access

Python Programming
by Gideon T. Marandu
Ardhi University
Introduction
• Interacting with databases is a common task in Python.

• Python comes with built-in support for SQLite Database.

• However, SQLite is not suitable for multi-user, multi-threaded access,


but it’s perfect for storing configuration or local data.

• SQLite simply stores all the data in a single file and allows us to access
that data using SQL syntax.
Using sqlite3 Connects to a local file named
mydb.db.

Runs some SQL query to put a


simple table in the database.
Then it queries
the same relation and prints one
of the results..
The Python Database API Specification v2.0 (DBAPI2)
• DBAPI2 Standard: SQLite's Python API follows the DBAPI2 specification, ensuring consistent
database interaction.

• Broad Applicability: Similar APIs exist for PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle, and other databases,
enabling uniform coding practices.

• DBAPI2 Specification: Database APIs following DBAPI2 include a connect function for
establishing connections.

• Connection Object: The connect function returns a Connection object, enabling database
interaction.

• Query Execution: Use the execute method on the Connection object to run queries.

• However, DBAPI2 is fairly low-level and difficult to work with.


Object-Relational Managers (ORMs)
• Object-Relational Managers (ORMs): Facilitate database interactions
using objects and map their attributes to relational databases.

• Popular Python ORM: SQLAlchemy is widely used and was the first
ORM ported to Python 3.
SQLAlchemy
• SQLAlchemy provides abstraction over database APIs, enabling code to
work across multiple database systems.

• SQLAlchemy and ORMs allow interaction with objects that automatically


modify and update database tables.

• Ease of Transition: Start with SQLite as a backend and later port to other
databases like MySQL with minimal changes.

• The latest stable version of SQLAlchemy is version 2.0


(https://www.sqlalchemy.org/ )
Using SQLAlchemy
• Database Connection: sqlalchemy.create_engine function
provides a single point of access for connecting to a database.

• The respective database connection function takes a huge number of


arguments to customize or tune access.
Create a class that allows objects to
Using SQLAlchemy store their data in the database. Each
table in the database is normally
represented by a separate class.

A special attribute named


__tablename__ to specify the name
of the table in the database

Connecting to a database
Ensures that all the tables associated with that
Base class exist. It also issue some sort of CREATE
TABLE call.
SQLAlchemy: Adding and querying objects
• Do it as an assignment
References
• Phillips, Dusty. Python 3 object oriented programming. Packt
Publishing Ltd, 2010.
• Lutz, Mark. Learning python: Powerful object-oriented programming.
" O'Reilly Media, Inc.", 2013.
QUESTIONS
?

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