• Those who master humanities can “walk a mile

ARTS APPRECIATION MID in someone else’s moccasins” will be far and

more marketable than those who can’t
M-T EXAM REVIEWER • Can first be used to understand the past which
has created the present.
By: 4+3+1
• Can also be used to realized differing
interpretation of life and history

Module 1
Shell of Humanities study; History, Art, Music,
HUMANITIES AND THE ARTS: NATURE-( CREATIVITY, Philosophy, and Literature.
IMAGINATION), ASSUMPTIONS, SYSTEM OF
APPRECIATION, AND FORMS Importance of studying Humanities
• It provides us with opportunity to examine what
it takes and what means to be human
HUMANITIES • It helps us recognize fundamental values and
principles such as beauty, truth, love, justice and
What is Humanities? faith.
• Humanities came from the HUMANUS means • It develops our capacity to think outside the box
to be truly human • It fosters understanding across barriers of race,
• In Latin Humanities means to show qualities of class, gender and ethnicity.
rationality, kindness and tenderness • It helps us see the interconnectedness of all the
• To be truly human is to be culturally enhanced areas of knowledge
and refined • It introduces us to people who have never met,
places we have never visited, and ideas that
never crossed out minds.
CULTURE • It helps us conceptualize global perspective
• Comes from the latin term Cultus- Colere, • It supports and strengthens local arts community
which means to cultivate, to develop. • It help us to address the challenges we face
• Culture is the general ways of life of human together in our families, communities, and orur
society including; ways of thinking, beliefs, nation
customs, language, art, and traditions. • It emphasize the dignity of every human being

“Habit” normal habits of a human called Culture

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF HUMANITIES
• Its main goal is to the development of human
In the Renaissance period college and universities coined
virtue, in all its form, to all its fullest
the word humanities as Art Appreciation
• It does not aim to remake humanity but rather to
Humanities is Art itself. reform social order
• It regard man as its central character along with
Humanities is a branch of learning which is concerned his aesthetics, limitless potentials
with human thoughts, feelings, and relations. (Human
expressions)
NATURE OF ART
The word ART originally comes from: The Aryan root AR
Why study Humanities?
meaning “join”, or “put together”.
• Is essential as the world shrinks due to the
explosion of information technology.
From this ancient etymon, twon greek verbs are derived: ART AS A PRODUCT OF IMAGINATION,
Artizein – to prepare
IMAGINATION AS A PRODUCT OF ART

Akiskein – to put together

“Imagination is more important than knowledge, for
knowledge is limited to all we know and understand,
while imagination embraces the entire world”___ Albert
Einstein
The Latin terms ARS, ARTIS mean everything that is
artificially made or composed by a man.

• Through imagination, one is able to craft

something bold, something new , and something
• Art is a product of man’s creativity, Imagination,
better .
and expression.
• In artist’s mind sits a vast gallery of artwork
• Not everyone can be considered an artist, but all
• An artwork does not need to be a real thing, but
are spectators of art.
can be something that is imaginary .
• We are able to distinguish what is fine and
• In the same way that Imagination produces art,
beautiful from what is not and what is good
art also inspires imagination.
quality and from poor quality.

IMAGINATION = ART
ART APPRECIATION AS A WAY OF LIFE
“ The role lf art as a creative work to depict the world in
a completely different light and perspective” Jean Paul ART AS EXPRESSION
Satre
“What a artist does to an emotion is not to induce it, but
• Learning to appreciate art no matter what express it. Through expression, he is able to explore his
vocation or profession you have, will lead to a own emotions and at the same time , create something
fuller and more meaningful life beautiful out of them” Robin George Collingwood

THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN ART MAKING Meaningful human actions are directed by the intellect
and they are expressed in two activities:
• Creativity requires thinking outside the box
• In art, creativity is what sets apart one artwork Action to be done – these are in relation to man’s
from another. ultimate destiny and moral obligations and lead to
VIRTUE

Action to be made- these are in relation to man’s

When can we say that something is creative?
practical needs and lead to ART
• When we have not seen anything like it before
• Art is therefore the making or composing any
• When it is out of the ordinary
useful object
• When it is not just a copy or imitation of
• Art is skillful arrangement or composition of
someone’s work.
some common qualities of nature (colors,
……..THERE IS ORIGINALITY !! sounds, lines, movements, emotion, or thoughts

ART is subjective expressions of man’s thoughts and

feelings; thus Humanities too.
 If the appreciation of arts is subjective, can it be
objective? Yes it can be objective as well
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART
• Art is the universal language
• Art is Timeless How do we form good standards for art
• Visual representation of ideas, thoughts, and appreciation and judgment?
emotions - Successive EXPERIENCES reveal to us
• Art is cultural. Art is not nature. Art involves insights of beauty and the meaning of
experience. Art as expression, Art as a form of art.
creation.

Is everything in nature and art beautiful? Why are

Is art an Imitation or a creation? certain things ugly?
• A creation

Everything in nature and art is beautiful for

SYSTEM IN ART APPRRECIATION everything is created perfect according to its nature
and form. All things are beautiful and perfect in
• Aka. Criteria for Judging, Description, themselves, but not in relation to us. The reasons:
Analysis, Content, Meaning and Judgment
• Objects which we see everyday tend to lose
their significance to us.
Art Appreciation • Certain things are dangerous to our lives like
snakes and other wild animals.
is the knowledge and understanding of the universal • Certain conditions in human life such as
and timeless qualities that identify all great art. The poverty and disease are referred to as ugly
more you appreciate and understand the art of but once painted in a canvass or described in
different eras, movements, styles and techniques, a novel, they become meaningful and
the better you can develop, evaluate and improve beautiful
your own artwork.

Categories of beautiful:
When do we say an art is BEAUTIFUL?
1. The sublime – enjoyment is aroused by
• Beautiful is that which is a source of astonishment and awe like looking at the starry
pleasure. Thus, if an art is the reason of our heavens, the majesty of mountain ranges, the
pleasure, it is then really beautiful heroic acts of heroes and saints.

2. The Nice – enjoyment is aroused by sympathy,

love, benevolence, tenderness and modesty like
Where does beauty lie?
children, flowers, flower arrangement, artifacts.
• Beauty is out there; it is objective. It is a
3. The Comic – enjoyment because it makes us laugh
Primary quality that resides in the object.
like satire and irony, the exaggerated, the
• Beauty is not there. It is a secondary quality
repetitious, the ridiculous and the playful.
that resides in the perceiver.
• Beauty is neither primary nor secondary. It is
tertiary in nature. It depends on the
The role of art criticism:
appropriate situational perspective.
 Criticism is a method of verifying or testing artistic POETRY PERFORMANCE
works. It is technique to stimulate the understanding
of art and to develop artistic sensibility. • It uses words emotional, musical, and spatial
values that go beyond its literal meaning.
• Combined with movements, tone, volume and
intensity.
Different forms of Arts:
• Visual Arts, PERFORMACE ARTS
• Literature and Combined Arts,
• Is a live art and the artist’s medium is mainly the
• Performing Arts (Music and Dance)
human body which he or she uses to perform.
• Applied Arts (Fashion and Furniture)
(visual art, props, or sound)
• The fact that performance art is live makes it
intangible, which means it cannot be bought or
VISUAL ARTS
traded as a commodity.
• Appeals to the sense of sight and are mainly
visual nature.
• Involved a visual aspect such as; performance DANCE
arts, theater, and applied arts.
• Choreography may seem not to allow this, but in
• Some mediums of visual arts include painting,
art expression, dancers are not confined to set
drawing, lettering, printing, sculpture, digital
steps and rules but are free to create and invent
imaging
their own movements as long as they deem them
graceful and beautiful.

ARCHITECTURE
• Art is the pursuit and creation of beautiful things THEATER
while architecture is the making of beautiful
• Theater uses live performers to present accounts
buildings.
or imaginary events before live audience
• They need; structure, lines, forms, and colors.
• Usually follow script
• Important elements
• Also considers several elements such us; acting,
Plan, Construction, and Design gestures, lighting, sound effects, musical score,
scenery, and props.
• Also live performance
FILM • Genres: drama, musical, tragedy, comedy, and
improvisation
• Refers to the art of putting together successions
of still image in order to create an illusion
movement.
APPLIED ARTS
• Filmmaking focuses on its aesthetic, cultural, and
social value and is considered both art and an • Is incorporating elements of style and design to
industry. everyday items
• Techniques in film-making process: • Field bring beauty, charm, and comfort into
1. Motion-picture camera (movie camera) many things.
2. Animation Techniques • Industrial design, interior design, fashion design,
3. Computer Generated imagery (CGI) graphic design.
DIVISION OF ART:
With respect to purpose: 4. Pure arts- which take only one medium of expression
as sound in music, color, and painting
1. Practical arts- directed to produce artifacts and
utensils which cope with human needs like 5. Mixed arts- which use two or more media like, opera,
baskets, weaving, furniture making, agriculture a combination of music, poetry and drama
etc.

2. Liberal arts- intellectual efforts considered like Module 2 Philosophical Perspective Arts
philosophy, psychology, social sciences.
ART AS AN IMITATION
3. Fine arts- products of human creativity (painting,
drawing, sketching)
• In Plato's The Republic, paints a picture of artists as
4. Major arts- characterized by their actual and imitators and art as mere imitation.
potential expressive (poetry, music, and
sculpture) -The Republic - Country( hindi sure)

- Republic - People
5. Minor arts – connected with practical uses and
• In his description of the ideal republic, Plato advises
purposes like (interior design, landscape, and against the inclusion of art as a subject in the curriculum
porcelain making) and the banning of artists in the Republic.the things in tar
word are only copies the original, the eternal, and the
true entities that can only be found in the World of
Forms.
CLASSIFICATION OF ARTS
• For example, the chair that one sits on is not a real
1. Space arts – visual arts chair. It is an imperfect copy of the perfect "chair" in the
• 2 dimensional 2D ( seen only in one angle) World of Forms.
• Painting, printing, photography, drawing,
sketching • Plato was convinced that artists merely reinforce the
• 3 dimensional 3D (seen in several angles belief in copies and discourage men to reach for the real
entities in the World of Forms.
• Sculpture, architecture
• Poetry rouses emotions and feelings and thus clouds
2. Time arts – auditory arts rationality of people.
• Music, dance, combination
musical/theater/opera • Art is just an imitation of imitation. A painting is just an
imitation of nature, which is also just an imitation of
reality in the World of Forms.

With respect to media and forms •Art then is to be banished, alongside the practitioners,
so that the attitudes and actions of the members of the
Republic will not be corrupted by the influence of the
1. Plastic arts- perceived by sense of sight like crafts, arts.
sculpture, architecture
• For Plato, art is dangerous because it provides a petty
2. Phonetic arts – based on sounds and words like replacement for the real entities than can only be
music, drama, Literature attained through reason.
3. Kinetic arts – rhythmic movement like different kinds
of dances
ART AS A REPRESENTATION ART AS A COMMUNICATION OF EMOTION

•Aristotle, agreed with Plato that art is a form of • According to Leo Tolstoy, art plays a huge role in
imitation. communication to its audience's emotions that the artist
However, Aristotle considered art as an aid to philosophy previously experienced.
in revealing the truth. • In the same that language communicates information
to other people, art communicates emotions
• The kind of imitation that art does is not antithetical to .• As a purveyor of man's innermost feelings and
the reaching of fundamental truths in the world thoughts, art is given a unique opportunity to serve as a
•Unlike Plato who thought that art is an imitation of mechanism for social unity.
another imitation, Aristotle conceived of art as •Art is central to man's existence because it makes
representing possible versions of reality. accessible the feelings and emotions of people from the
past and present.
• For Aristotle, all kinds of art do not aim to represent
reality as it is, it endeavors to provide a version of what
Others philosophers
might be or the myriad possibilities of reality.
•Jose Ortega Y Gaset: Art is a form of escape; escape
• In Aristotelian worldview, art serves two particular
from negative elements
purposes:
• Art allows for the experience of pleasure (horrible
• Benedetto Croce: Art is merely an expression
experience can be made an object of humor)
regardless if it is understood or not
• Art also has an ability to be instructive and teach its
audience things about life (cognitive).
• Albert Camus: Art is rebellion

ART AS A DISINTERESTED JUDGMENT •John Dewey: Art is not limited in the gallery and
Museum

• Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Judgment, • Dante Leoncini: When man beautifies himself, he
considered the judgment of beauty, the cornerstone of becomes a human art
art, as something that can be universal despite its
subjectivity. • Margarette Macdonalds: Art is esoteric. It is
mysterious. It is indefinable. It is trans intelligible.It is
• Kant recognized that judgment of beauty is subjective. only describable.

•However, even subjective judgments are based on

some universal criterion for the said judgment.
Hierarchy of arts:
HOW ARE THESE TWO STATEMENTS DIFFERENT?
Immanuel Kant: Music is the lowest of all arts because it
1. " like this painting." gives only sensible pleasure
2. "This painting is beautiful."
• Schopenhauer: Music is the greatest because it is
capable of freeing man from his fears and desires, from
•The first is clearly a judgment of taste (subjective), while his anger and despair, and from other passions and
the second is an aesthetic judgment (objective. anxieties

•Making an aesthetic judgment requires us to be • Hegel: Poetry has the best qualities like immediate
disinterested. In other words, we should try to go beyond perception, creative imagination, development of
our individual tastes and preferences so that we can thoughts and events
appreciate art from a universal standpoint.
• Leibnitz: The fusion of poetry and music is the highest
art
> Thus, there is no final manner by which a hierarchy of 2.NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART
the arts may be established. Each has his own value • Art forms that do not make a reference to the
real world, whether it is a person, place, thing,
Module 3 Subject and Contents of Arts or even a particular event.
• It is stripped down to visual elements, such as
shapes, lines, and colors that are employed to
In viewing art, there are clues that mediate between the translate a particular feeling, emotion, and
artwork and the viewer, allowing the viewer to more even concept.
easily comprehend what he is seeing. •
NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART AND ABSTRACT ART
• There is no clear-cut divide, rather, they exist in a
These clues are the three basic components of a work of spectrum.
art: Non-representational art
Abstract art
a Subject - the visual focus or the image that may be Representational( abstract alam niyo na yun )
extracted from examining the artwork; the "what a
b.Content - the meaning that is communicated by the
artist or the artwork; the "why" SOURCES AND KINDS OF SUBJECT
c.Form - the development and configuration of the art
work - how the elements and the medium or material are
put together; the "how' • For non-representational art, a higher, level of
perceptiveness and insight might be required to fully
grasped the feeling, emotion, or concept behind the
Subject of art is what an artist chooses to present in work.
his/her art. It is the expression of an artist's view of • For representational art, it is easier to infer the subject
his/her existence in his/her art. matter because from the figures depicted in the artwork,
there is already a suggestion as to its implication.

It is the theme or topic of the artist in his/ her art. The

term subjects in art refers to the main idea that is Sources of subjects
represented in the artwork.

•Nature- animal, people, landscapes

The subject in art is basically the essence of the piece.To • History- u
determine subject matter in a particular piece of art, ask • Greek and Roman mythology- are also rich in art
yourself: subject. Stories from Greek and Roman mythology
centers on the gods, goddesses and heroes.
• Judeo-Christian tradition
What is actually depicted in this artwork? What is the • Sacred oriental texts
artist trying to express to the world... what is his or her • Other works of art
message? And how are they conveying that message?

5 Main Subject have been exploring in art for centuries

Types of Subject

1.Still Life - a collection of inanimate objects arranged

1.REPRESENTATIONAL ART together in a specific way.

• These types of art have subjects that refer to 2.Landscape - natural scenery such as mountains, cliffs,
objects that refer to objects or events occurring rivers, etc.
in the real world.
• Also termed figurative art because the figures 3.Nature - a focused view or interpretation of specific
depicted are easy to make out and decipher. natural elements.
 Ilya Yefimovich Repin was a leading Russian painter and
4.Portraiture - an image of a particular person or animal, sculptor of the Peredvizhniki artistic school.His realistic
or group thereof. works often expressed great psychological depth and
exposed the tensions within the existing social order.
5. Abstract - a non-representational work of art or moves
away from showing things as they really are.

Content of Art - It refers to the meaning that is expressed

or communicated by the artists or the artwork.

1.Factual Meaning - It the most simple level of meaning.

Extracted from the identifiable or recognizable forms in They did not Expect Him by Ilya Yefimovich Repin
the artwork.

2.Conventional Meaning - Pertains to the acknowledged

interpretation of the artwork using motifs, signs, and
symbols. Established through time, strengthened by
recurrent use and wide acceptance by its audience who
study them.
ivan the terrible and his son Ivan Tretyakov Gallery
3.Subjective Meaning - A particular work of art that is (1885)
consulted and read. Meanings that came from the
viewers or audience's circumstances and experiences.
Meanings may not be singular. rather. they are multiple
and varied.
2. ABSTRACTION
• It refers to art unconcerned with the literal depiction of
8 Ways of Presenting the subject things from the visible world
• It means to move away or separate. Abstract art moves
away from showing things as they really are. The artwork
1.REALISM is not realistic.
• It concerns the depiction of subjects as they appear in
everyday life.
Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky was a Russian painter,
• It is the attempt to portray the subject as is. The artist
and art theorist. He is credited with painting the first
selects, changes,and arranges details to express the idea
purely abstract works.
he wants to make clear.
• The artist's main function is to describe accurately what
is observed through the senses.

Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin was an 18th-century

French realist. He is considered a master of still life.
Composition VII by Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky

Woman cleaning turnips by Jean-Baptiste-Siméon

Chardin
Under Abstraction:
a. Distortion

e. Abstract Expressionism

• It is the ALTERATION OF THE ORIGINAL SHAPE

of an object, image or other form of
representation
• The subject is in misshaped condition

b. Elongation • uses large canvases

• lack of refinement in the application of paint,
strong color uneven brush and rough texture

3. EXPRESSIONISM
It presents the world solely from a subjective
perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in
order to evoke moods or ideas

• the subject or painting is being LENGTHENED or

Edvard Munch was a Norwegian Symbolist painter,
extended
printmaker and an important forerunner of expressionist
• The subject is protraction or extension
art.
lengthened for protraction or extension.

c. Mangling

The Scream by Edvard Munch

• It shows subjects or objects which are cut,

mutilated, lacerated or hacked.

d. Cubism

• objects are broken up, analyzed, and

reassembled in an abstracted form
• Subjects are shown in basic geometrical shapes.
• uses cone, cylinder, sphere or other pictorial
elements
 Boccioni

Egon Schiele was an Austrian painter. The twisted body

shapes and the expressive line that characterize Schiele's 5. SURREALISM
paintings and drawings mark the artist as an early • It tries to reveal a new and higher reality than that of
exponent of expressionism. daily life. They claim to create a magical world more
beautiful than the real one through art. It came from the
slang of super realism.
•It uses arts a weapon against the evils and restrictions
that surrealists see in the society
• It is a combination of distortion and realism

Max Ernst was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist,

and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst is considered to be one
of the primary pioneers of the Dada movement and
Tod und Mädchen(Death and the Maiden) by Egon Surrealism.
Schiele

4. FUTURISM
• It emphasizes and glorifies themes associated with
contemporary concepts of the future, including speed
and technology L'Ange du Foyer (The Fireside Angel) by Max Ernst
• Its works aims to capture the speed and force of
modern industrial society and to glorify the mechanical
energy of modern life.
Salvador Dali was a prominent Spanish Catalan surrealist
painter born in Figueres.
Umberto Boccioni was an Italian painter and
sculptor.Like other Futurists, his work centered on the
portrayal of movement (dynamism), speed, and
technology.

The Persistence of Memory (1931) by Salvador Dali

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space by Umberto

 MODULE 4: FUNCTIONS OF ART

The Agent of Art is Man for Expression is an integral part

of being human
6. FAUVISM
•Themes are either ethical, philosophical Art vs. Craft
or psychological.
•It uses extremely bright color •Art is for appreciation
•Most of the fauves tried to paint pictures of •Craft is for utilization
COMFORT, JOY AND PLEASURE
•Combination: Functional Art

7.DADAISM
• A protest movement formed in 1916 by a group of
artist in Zurich, Switzerland. They try to provoke the Aristotle claimed that every particular
public with outrageous forms of arts. Came from the substance in the world has an end, or telos in Greek,
French word "dada" meaning "hobby horse". Dadaist
which translates into "purpose." Every substance,
reacted to what they believe were outworn traditions in
defined as formed matter, moves according to a fixed
art and the evils they saw in the society; shows
path towards its aim.
outrageous pieces of writing, poetry and art exhibitions

Marcel Duchamp, a renowned artist, achieved a remarkable art

event in 1917 by submitting an upside-down urinal signed dated
An inquiry on the function of art is an inquiry on what art
with the appellation "R. Mutt, 1917" title Foundation the is for.
Society of Independent Artists' salon in New York, which
accepted any work of art as long as the artist paid the application
fee.
Example: What is the Rizal monument for?

8. SYMBOLISM • When it comes to function, different art forms come

•The presentation of an invisible sign such as an idea or a quality with distinctive functions.
into something visible.
•Some art forms are more functional than others.
"The Death of the Gravedigger"
(1895-1900) By: Carlos Schwabe
In "The Death of a Gravedigger," an old gravedigger is inside
the grave he's dug, looking up at a beautiful dark angel who is Architecture and Applied Arts
holding a green light and his heart. The symbolism is not lost in
the audience. The angel is the angel of death and she's holding •The value of the art in question lies in the practical
the gravedigger's heart and soul. His time has come benefits one gains from it .

•Obviously made for a specific purpose

Painting and Literature

One can look at the value of the product of art in and

for itself

DOES IT MEAN THAT PAINTINGS AND LITERARY WORKS

CAN NEVER HAVE ANY FUNCTION?
 Dr. Jose Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and El Filibustirismo SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF ART

The novels accrued value and as a consequence,

function.
• Art is considered to have a social function if and when
•They are functional in so far as they are designed to it addresses a particular collective interest as opposed to
accomplish some definite end. a personal interest.

PERSONAL FUNCTIONS OF ART • Art may convey message of protest, contestation, or

whatever message the artist intends his work to carry.

The personal functions of art are varied

•Political art is a very common example of an art with a
and highly subjective. social function.

Functions depends on the artist who •Art can also depict social conditions such as
photography (pictures of poverty)
created the art.

• Performance art like plays or satires can also rouse

An artist may create an art out of self- expression,
emotions and rally people toward a particular end.
entertainment, or therapeutic purpose.

Psychological Function
Other functions of Art:
Inspirational Relaxation Gratification
Physical Function

Utility
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF ART
Instructional Historical Representational

Social Function Music was principally used for dance and

Influential Media religion.

Interaction / Communication
The ancient world saw music as an instrument to
facilitate worship and invocation to gods.
PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART

• Music was essential for synchronicity of dancers.

•The physical functions of art can be found in artworks
that are crafted in order to serve some physical purpose.
• Music guarantees that warriors were simultaneous.

Architecture, jewelry-making, interior design all

serves physical functions. OTHER FUNCTIONS OF ART
• Today, music has expanded its functions and coverage. • Arts have also moral, educational and religious
. There is a lot of music that has no connection to dance purposes/functions
or religion.

• Art serve as an outlet of our slumbering passion.

Example: Serenade - People compose hymns to express We find meaning in the fictitious representation
feelings and emotions. of arts; the passions of drama, emotions of
poetry, moods of music, fancies of painting, and
sordid life of novels.
• Music is also used as accompaniment to stage plays
and motion pictures
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AS PRECISELY YET
AS THOROUGHLY AS POSSIBLE.
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF ART

1. What art form/artwork has changed something in your

• Sculptures have been made by man most life? Why Account for the experience.

particularly for religion.

2. Does art always have a function? Why? Support your
response. Provide your own example.
•In the Roman Catholic world, the employment of
sculptures for religious purposes has remained vital,
relevant, and symbolic
3. If an artwork ceased to have a function, will it remain
an art? Why?

. Rizal and Bonifacio's monument and commemorative

coins (Pope Francis)

Architecture may be the most prominent functional art.

• Unlike other forms of art, buildings take so much

time to erect and destroy.

• One cannot dismiss taking into consideration the

function of a building before construction.

OTHER FUNCTIONS OF ART

• It is also in architecture where one can find the

intimate connection of function and form.