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ISNPINSA 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1943 (2021) 012022 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1943/1/012022

Design of overloading detection systems on vehicles using

adruino

M Z Rohim, E Wijayanti, A C Murti

Department of Informatic Enginering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muria
Kudus, Indonesia

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. Developing countries such as Indonesia are currently continuously conducting

development activities in the economic sector. The role of transportation facilities is very
important. The reason is that economic movement is not only centered on one particular area but
also reaches out and involves other regions. Distribution of goods and services requires safe and
convenient transportation and good road infrastructure. In practice, many heavy vehicles carry a
very excessive transport load. This is due to the large distribution needs of goods to minimize
operational costs. The negative impacts of overloading include the risk of accidents and road
damage. This study aims to use a prototype method by utilizing the implementation of a load
control system using a proximity sensor run by Arduino Uno. This concept utilizes proximity
sensors to regulate transportation loads according to the standards of the Republic of Indonesia
and monitor violations in real-time. The results of the study resulted in a prototype capable of
detecting overload based on load height and suspension changes for loads.

1. Introduction
Damage to existing roads in Indonesia is a routine problem that must be faced every year. The road
maintenance program carried out so far is deemed incapable of solving the problem of road construction
damage that is faster than the planned age [1]. Damage to roads that has occurred has been accelerating
because the roads are overloaded beyond their planning capacity. Damage to roads results in a high cost
economy because travel times are longer and vehicles are also damaged more quickly. In addition,
population growth and prosperity are one of the causes of the increase in road traffic accidents because
of the increasing number of people traveling but not directly proportional to public awareness of the
importance of maintenance public facilities [2, 3]. Whether drivers of cars, motorbikes, or other vehicles,
of course, all have multiple safety objectives that don't want to be bargained with anything. However,
now driving safety planning does not seem sufficient only from the point of view of the vehicle user.
The rise of road accidents caused by goods transporting vehicles as a result of overloading causes
concern for other road users and people living around the road. In addition to causing casualties,
truckloads that exceed their capacity can also cause damage to the road body.
Road infrastructure can affect the condition and pace of the economy in Indonesia [1]. Damaged
roads become obstructions in a supply-chain process. The impact of road damage also results in reduced
vehicle life, more frequent replacement of spare parts, and the function of the road structure cannot serve
optimally [4,5]. Based on existing data, road damage is caused by errors in planning, design, and
implementation in the field, uneven road maintenance and repair [6,7], poor drainage systems [6], and
the behavior and habits of road users [2,3,8]. The behavior and habits of road users, especially trucks
that load beyond the tonnage limit [9,10,11]. The dominance of heavy truck or tronton vehicles that are
often passed because being in the factory area will make roads break down faster, and there need to be

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ISNPINSA 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1943 (2021) 012022 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1943/1/012022

road repairs every year on provincial roads such as holes and puddles that harm road users and ultimately
disrupt the economy in Indonesia. The solution to overcome this problem is an automatic control system
that is needed to create a load control system [12,13] that uses a proximity sensor that is run by Arduino
Uno. This study aims to use a prototype method by utilizing the implementation of a load control system
by Arduino Uno utilizes proximity sensors to regulate transport loads according to the standards of the
Republic of Indonesia and monitoring violations in real time.

2. Literature and method

2.1. Literature
Here are some of the previous research that became the basis of this research:
a. In research conducted by Yanling Liu et al., they have utilized vibrations to gather vibration
information. Raspberry pi is used as a center for information collection equipment. Use circuits to
convert simple analog signals to become digital/computerized signals associated with remote
systems. Still use the classic SVM model to organize information and decide the status of the vehicle
[14].
b. Kattimani et al. conducted research by prioritizing the practicality of the vehicle load control
framework through the load cell strain size implemented in the vehicle, the single-chip
microcontroller gets data that is transmitted and obtained through sensors and calculates the overall
vehicle load. If the vehicle is overloaded, the microcontroller will give directional commands to the
vehicle frame to prevent starting the frame system [15].
c. In Research conducted by Jai Ganesh they make a system that has proposed using the dynamic
method for estimation of truckload weight based on the compression of the suspension. This
framework utilizes ultrasonic sensors for the dynamic estimation of load weight. These sensors are
appended to the base of the truck's holder. At the point when the truck is stacked, the heaviness of
the load causes compression of the suspension of the truck; because of this there is variation in
distance delivered by ultrasonic sensors [16]

2.2. Method
This planner system starts with the creation of programs as well as adjustments to the tools and needs
of materials used, then is organized into a program using the C# language created with the Arduino IDE
application. The completed program will be sent into Arduino Uno [16]. After the process is completed
Arduino will process coding scripts that we have compiled in the program that are useful in activating
sensors and system support tools connected to Arduino Uno. In this system, the sensor used is an
ultrasonic sensor with an HC-SR04 model that serves as a distance reader sensor of an object or object,
attached to the body and bottom of the modified vehicle prototype, which can be seen in Fig 1.

Ultrasonic Sensor1

Ultrasonic Sensor2

Figure 1. Location of Implementation Sensor

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ISNPINSA 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1943 (2021) 012022 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1943/1/012022

The flow of the process is begin from ultrasonic sensor 1 to measure the lower distance (truck
suspension), if the measured distance is small, less than standard, then the process will recalculate. The
process continues when the distance is large or minimal according to the standard. Overloading on
vehicle-type goods is calculated from the total axis load distributed from vehicle load and load itself.
The difference in the number of axes on the truck results in load levels that can be loaded. In this study,
the standard limit for B (weight) is 20, and T (height) is 10. Once the first sensor detects a large distance,
then the relay will be at a low position, and the second ultrasonic sensor will identify the connection
with the payload height, if the distance appears large, then the relay is at a low position, and the monitor
will display the stater on status, but if the data obtained is small then the relay will be at a high position
and the monitor will display the stater off and will send the data to the server, flowchart rule of the
sensor shown in figure 2.

Figure 2. Flowchart Rule of Sensor

2.3 Black-Box testing

Black box testing is useful to test the state of the system ranging from functions or features. The black
box testing is also useful for defining inputs, conditions and testing the functional specifications of the
program

3. Result and discussion

3.1. Result
The system is automated, as the system re-scans through the sensor at all times specified in the script,
and the system is specific only to the distance input of the ultrasonic sensor as the input used to read the
suspension and payload height. The data that has been processed is handed over to the relay then the
data will be transferred to the receiver through the information system as a history of violations that
have been committed, if the load and high load are excessive, then the machine is off, if the payload and
high standard payload then the machine lives. The active sensor will begin to function by detecting the
distance from an object with an ultrasonic sensor attached to a miniature vehicle, adjusting commands

3
ISNPINSA 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1943 (2021) 012022 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1943/1/012022

that have been programmed and have been installed in the Arduino Uno. Then the sensor sends data to
Arduino Uno to be processed according to the program script stipulated in Arduino Uno. After the
process is complete, the system will produce the output or output of the program displayed to the LCD
and sent via gsm/GPRS module to the information system that has been prepared. Fig 3 is an overview
of the Design of Overloading Detection Systems On Vehicles Using Adruino:

GSM/GPRS Modul
Dashboard

Ultrasonic Sensor 2

Ultrasonic Sensor 1 Truck

Relay

Figure 3. Design of overloading detection systems on vehicles using adruino

3.2. Discussion
The result of the implementation of the payload detection system on this vehicle is that with both
ultrasonic sensors that detect objects with a distance of more than the limit it will appear on monitors B
(Weight) and T (Height) will display the size of the already detection sensor and under the engine will
be written On and the relay will connect the electrical path so that the car marker lights live as a sign the
car starter engine is on. The resizing of both ultrasonic sensors with a delay of about 3 - 5 seconds
ensures the size of the sensor.
Conducted 2 tests, Test 1 : with input from sensor 1 (B) is 35 and T is 25, and test 2 : with input from
sensor 1 (B) is 122 and T is 5. Based on the rule of sensor that has been created on Fig. 2 and the limit
of T is 20 and B is 10, hence generating the stater on (“Mesin Start”) on for test 1 as in figure 4, while
for testing 2 produces a stater off (“Mesin Mati”) as seen in figure 5.

Figure 4. Result of test 1

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ISNPINSA 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1943 (2021) 012022 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1943/1/012022

Figure 5. Result of test 2

When the result of the rule of the sensor is the machine is off, then the data will be sent to the server to
send SMS notification, as seen in figure 6

Figure 6. Result of implementation server and SMS notification on prototype

Testing on this prototype was done using black-box testing and getting valid results for black-box
testing.

4. Conclusion
Using the transmission detection system in Arduino Uno-based vehicles can make driver get used to
obeyingUsing Arduino Uno-based Vehicle Load Detection System, can reduce violations due to
overload and high payload, because Implementation the transmission detection system in Arduino Uno-
based vehicles, it can reduce road damage due to excess vehicle tones and The use of Load Detection
System in Arduino Uno-based Vehicles, this can increase efficiency and effectiveness in managing the
life of vehicles and also can make driver get used to obeying the rules.

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ISNPINSA 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1943 (2021) 012022 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1943/1/012022

[5] Otegbulu B A 2015 Economic Valuation of Poor Road Infrastructure Lagos : A Focus on Urban
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