SMQ3043 - LINEAR PROGRAMMING

ASSIGNMENT 1 (PHASE 1)

DISCOVERING, EXPLORING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LINEAR

GROUP B1

LECTURER : DR. NURUL HUDA BINTI MOHAMED

No. NAME STUDENT ID

1. NUR SYAHIRAH BINTI MOHD SUKRI D20221102291

2. AFIQ NAJMI BIN AZRI D20221102310

3. NIK MUHAMMAD ALIF HAKIMI BIN NIK D20221102315

4. MOHAMMAD DANIAL AMAN BIN RUSNI D20221102300

5. SUCI NURAISHAH BINTI MUHAMAD AZLAN D20221102304

6. MUHAMMAD HAZRUL AMIR BIN D20221102345

7. NUR FATIN NABILAH BINTI MOHD FAUZI D20221102325

8. MOHAMMAD ADFLIN HAITHAM BIN MOHD D20221102347

NO CONTENT PAGE

1.0 Company Background 2

2.0 Significance of the study 3

3.0 The implementation plan 4

4.0 Linear programming model 5-6

5.0 Solve the problem using simplex algorithm 7-9

6.0 Attachments 10

7.0 References 11

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1.0 COMPANY BACKGROUND

Humaira Design SDN BHD (982531-A), originally established as Saujana Budi Enterprise in
2005, transformed into Humaira Design SDN BHD in 2012. This small and medium-sized
enterprise (SME) in Malaysia specializes in designing and producing jersey clothing, with a
focus on long t-shirts for Muslim women under the Humaira Design brand. The company is
well-known for its high-quality jersey fabrics, which include varieties such as Sport Series,
Aurora, and Active Wave. Every production requires designing, sewing and packing for each
product unit. These fabrics are carefully selected and crafted to provide sweat-absorbent,
durable, and non-stretchable materials, ensuring comfort and confidence for daily wear.

Humaira Design’s primary strengths lie in its design expertise, innovative material usage, and
commitment to customer satisfaction. The talented and creative design team works to produce
modern, modest, and stylish clothing that aligns with the company’s mission to empower women
through fashion. Known for meticulous attention to color selection and fabric quality, Humaira
Design strives to create fashionable yet practical clothing without compromising on quality.

The company operates from two boutique locations its headquarters in Bandar Perda, Bukit
Mertajam, Pulau Pinang, and a branch in Tanjung Malim, Perak. Both locations are open
Monday through Saturday, with convenient operating hours to serve customers. In addition to
physical stores, Humaira Design has an active online platform that allows customers to purchase
modest wear from the comfort of their homes. The company also provides email and phone
communication for efficient customer service.

With its dedication to quality and innovation, Humaira Design has grown steadily over the years.
The company’s vision is to become a leading name in the modest fashion industry by offering
products that are fashionable, comfortable, and affordable. By optimizing its production process
and maintaining its customer-focused approach, Humaira Design aims to expand its market
presence and continue delivering stylish, high-quality products that resonate with its customers.

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2.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

2.1 Maximizing the total revenue of Humaira Design

This study aims to help Humaira Design maximize its weekly total revenue by applying Linear
Programming techniques, specifically the Big M Method. By determining the optimal mix of
Sport Series, Aurora, and Active Wave products, the company can allocate its resources more
effectively and ensure maximum revenue. This structured, data-driven approach empowers
Humaira Design to achieve its revenue goals while adhering to its production constraints.

2.2 Enhancing Resource and Operational Efficiency at Humaira Design

By using Linear Programming, this study provides Humaira Design with an accurate and
systematic approach to manage its resources effectively. The Big M Method optimizes the
utilization of designing, sewing, and packing hours, ensuring that the company operates within
its weekly time constraints. This helps streamline the production process, minimize
inefficiencies, and reduce operational costs while maintaining high productivity levels.

2.3 Providing a Practical Framework for Strategic Production Planning

Through this study, Humaira Design gains a mathematical model to support its strategic
production planning. By analyzing production constraints and profit margins, the study identifies
the most profitable combination of products to manufacture. This approach ensures the company
meets its weekly production target of six units while maximizing revenue, enabling it to make
informed and strategic business decisions.

2.4 Supporting Adaptability to Market and Resource Changes

The insights from this study enable Humaira Design to adapt to changes in market demands and
resource availability. Linear Programming techniques provide a flexible framework for
re-evaluating production strategies in response to new constraints or opportunities. This
adaptability ensures the company remains competitive in a dynamic market environment and
sustains long-term revenue.

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3.0 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (Gantt chart)

No. Week Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Sem

Task

1. Form a group for

2. Discuss and select

3. Collection of data
and information

4. Research
methodology

5. Identify process and

6. Preparation for draft

7. Submission of
assignment
paperwork

Planning

Actual

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4.0 LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL

Humaira Design specializes in producing three products of jersey clothes: sport series, aurora,
and active wave, with respective revenue per unit of RM50, RM40, and RM35 per unit. The
company has limited time each week for the three essential stages of production: designing,
sewing, and packing, with 20 hours, 18 hours, and 10 hours allocated respectively. The total
number of products produced each week must be exactly 6 units, and the time required for each
stage varies per product. For example, the Sport Series takes 2 hours for designing, 3 hours for
sewing, and 1 hour for packing. The goal is to determine the optimal mix of products that will
maximize Humaira Design's weekly total revenue, taking into consideration the time constraints
for each stage, the profit per unit, and the requirement to produce exactly 6 units. The solution
will help the company efficiently manage its production process and achieve the highest possible
profit.

The following table outlines the time required for designing, sewing, and packing each unit of
product:

Designing Sewing Packing

Sport Series 2 3 1

Aurora 3 2 2

Active Wave 2 4 2

Define Variables :

𝑋1​: Number of Sport Series jerseys produced weekly.

𝑋2​: Number of Aurora jerseys produced weekly.

𝑋3​: Number of Active Wave jerseys produced weekly.

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Full LP model :

Maximize Z = 50𝑥1 + 40𝑥2 + 35𝑥3

S.t.

2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 ≤ 20

3𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 ≤ 18

𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 ≤ 10

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 =6

𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ≥ 0

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5.0 The LP Problem Solving

Using Big M method

Step 1: Convert problem into Standard Form:

We introduce slack variables (𝑠1, 𝑠2, 𝑠3) and an artificial variable (𝑎) for the equality constraint:

Max Z = 50𝑥1 + 40𝑥2 + 35𝑥3 + 0𝑠1 + 0𝑠2 + 0𝑠3 − 𝑀𝑎4

Z − 50𝑥1 − 40𝑥2 − 35𝑥3 − 0𝑠1 − 0𝑠2 − 0𝑠3 + 𝑀𝑎4 = 0

S.t :

2𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 + 𝑠1 = 20

3𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 + 𝑠2 = 18

𝑥1, 𝑥2, 𝑥3 ≥ 0 .

Initial Tableau

BV 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑠1 𝑠2 𝑠3 𝑎4 RHS Ratio

𝑍 -50 -45 -35 0 0 0 M 0

𝑠1 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 20

𝑠2 3 2 4 0 1 0 0 18

𝑠3 1 2 2 0 0 1 0 10

𝑎4 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 6

Updated row 0 : 𝑅0' → 𝑅0 + 𝑀𝑅4

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Updated Initial Tableau :

BV 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑠1 𝑠2 𝑠3 𝑎4 RHS Ratio

𝑍 -50 + M -45 + M -35 + M 0 0 0 2M 6M

𝑠1 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 20 20
= 10
2

𝑠2 3 2 4 0 1 0 0 18 18
= 6
3

𝑠3 1 2 2 0 0 1 0 10 10
= 10
1

𝑎4 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 6 6
= 6
1

Updated Row:

𝑅0' → 𝑅0 + (50 − 𝑀)𝑅4’

𝑅1' → 𝑅1 − 2𝑅4’

𝑅2' → 𝑅2 − 3𝑅4’

𝑅3' → 𝑅3 − 𝑅4’

𝑅4
𝑅4' → 1
’

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Tableau 1 :

BV 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑠1 𝑠2 𝑠3 𝑎4 RHS Ratio

𝑍 0 10 15 0 0 0 M+50 300

𝑠1 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 8

𝑠2 0 -1 1 0 1 0 3 0

𝑠3 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 4

𝑥1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 6

The tableau 1 is the optimal tableau :

𝑥1 = 6 , 𝑥2 = 𝑥3 = 0 , 𝑠1 = 8 , 𝑠2 = 0, 𝑠3 = 4 , 𝑎4 = 0, z = 300

Humaira Design should produce 6 pieces of Sport Series jerseys, 0 pieces of Aurora jerseys and
0 pieces of Active Wave jerseys weekly to maximize their total revenue of RM 300.

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6.0 ATTACHMENTS

1.

2.

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7.0 REFERENCES

Olubiyi, A. (2021). Linear programming applications in business decision-making. Journal of

Business Analytics, 18(4), 233-248.​

Mhanna, J., & Nouinou, H. (2024). Inventory control through mathematical models: A linear

programming approach. Operations Research Quarterly, 29(1), 45-59.​

Smith, A. (2020). Optimization techniques for small business operations. International Journal

of Small Business Management, 15(2), 89-104.

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