lOMoARcPSD|51059769

Intership report and project

Electrical Engineering (Dire Dawa University)

Scan to open on Studocu

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

DIRE DAWA UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
COMPUTER STREAM

INTERNSHIP REPORT AND PROJECT

HOSTING COMPANY : ETHIO TELECOM WESTERN REGION

NAME ID
1. FIRAOL WAKIWEYA…………………………1200370
2. ELIAS MOHAMEDZEYIN………………..1200207

ADVISOR : MULUKEN T
SEPTEMBER, 2023
DIRE DAWA, ETHIOPIA

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

Declaration

We are 5th year students pursuing a degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering
in Dire Dawa university Institute of Technology, and We had undertaken our
internship program at Western Region Ethiotelecom for a period of two months
under the guidance of Mr. Talaku Getahun and our advisor Mr. Muleken T. This
report highlights our valuable experience and the knowledge we gained during our
internship. We declare that, this report is our original work and compiled according to
the internship report writing guideline given by the Institute. We further declare that
all the information and data presented in this report are accurate and reliable to the
best of our knowledge.Any external sources used have been appropriately cited and
referenced in accordance with the guidelines provided by my academic institution.

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
Firaol wakiweya
Id no: ddu1200370
Elias mohamedzeyin
Id no :ddu1200207

APPROVAL

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best
of my knowledge and belief. This report has been submitted for presentation with my
approval.
Name of advisor date signature
Muluken Tesfaye

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We begin this acknowledgment with a heartfelt expression of gratitude to the

Almighty God, the source of all wisdom and strength, for guiding and blessing us
throughout this internship journey.Your unwavering support and blessings have been
a source of inspiration and motivation.

We would like to thanks Dire Dawa university institute of technology[IOT] for

setting up internship program and giving us this opportunity to experiences what we
have learnt in practical. And also, we feel to pass our deepest gratitude for our
advisors Mr. Muluken Tesfaye for his valuable comment and guidance.

We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to Wester Region Ethio Telecom for
allowing us to work and introduce our self with the technologies currently being
used . We would also like to give special thanks to our supervisors, Mr. Abiot
Shuramo and Ababe Olika , the supervisor of Transmission and Core section
respectively and the manager of operation and maintenance, Mr. Talaku Getahun and
other operation and maintenance staffs who assisted us by sharing their knowledge
and experience throughout the internship duration.

II

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

By taken the aim of the internship practice in to consideration as we are one of the
students in Dire Dawa we spent that last two months in this program. This internship
practice is takes place in Ethio telecom, Ethiopia's leading telecommunications
provider and plays a pivotal role in the country's socio-economic development.The
primary objective of our internship at Ethio Telecom was to gain hands-on experience
in the telecommunications industry and apply our academic knowledge in a real-
world setting. We had the opportunity to work o various projects and tasks that
contributed to the organization's goals.

In this report to explain in detail almost all things related to internship experience
starting from when we join Ethio telecom up to the final day we leave the company
including all the actions between these times. The report contain two main parts.
The first part describe the brief history, the main products or services, the main
customers or the end users of its products or services, the overall organizational
strategy, organizational structure and work flow of the company. The second part
also includes about the project we have done on our stay in Ethio telecom.

III

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

TABLE OF CONTENT

Declaration ..................................................................................................................... I
APPROVAL ................................................................................................................... I
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...............................................................................................II
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................... III
List of Acronyms ...................................................................................................... VIII
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................ 1
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .................................................................. 1
1.1History Of Ethio Telecom .................................................................................1
1.1.1 objective ...............................................................................................3
1.1.2 Vision ....................................................................................................3
1.1.3 Mission ..................................................................................................3
1.1.4 Core values ........................................................................................... 3
1.2 The Main Services Of Ethio Telecom ........................................................... 4
1.2 Main Customers Or The End Users .................................................................5
1.4 Organization Structure And Workflow ............................................................5
CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................... 9
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ................................................................... 9
2.1 How We Join Into The Company .................................................................... 9
2.2 The Section that We Have Been working ........................................................9
2.3 Tasks We Have Been Executed .................................................................... 11
2.4 Procedures We Have Been Using While Performing Our Tasks .................. 12
2.5 The Challenges That Have Been Faced ......................................................... 12
2.6 Measures We Took To Overcome Challenges .............................................. 12
CHAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................... 13
OVERALL BENEFITS WE GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP .......................... 13
3.1 Practical Skill .................................................................................................13
3.2 Theoretical Knowledge ..................................................................................14
3.3 Interpersonal Communication Skills ............................................................. 14
3.4 Team Playing Skills ....................................................................................... 14
3.5 Leadership skills ............................................................................................ 15
3.6 About Work Ethic ..........................................................................................15

IV

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

PART II .....................................................................................16

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................17
CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................................... 18
EMPLOYEE LEAVE AND RECORD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ........................ 18
1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................18
1.2 Problem Of Statement ....................................................................................18
1.2 Objective ........................................................................................................19
1.3.1 General objective ................................................................................ 19
1.3 Significant Of The Project ............................................................................. 19
1.4 Scope Of The Project .....................................................................................19
CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................... 20
LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................ 20
2.1. Introduction. ..............................................................................................20
2.2 Leave Overview .............................................................................................20
2.2.1 Classifications of leave ....................................................................... 20
2.2.2 Categories of Leave ............................................................................ 21
CHAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................... 23
METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 23
3.1. Data Collection Technique ........................................................................... 23
3.1.1 Surveys ................................................................................................23
3.1.3 Document Analysis .............................................................................23
3.2. System Development and Methodology ......................................................23
3.3 Requirement Analysis ....................................................................................25
3.3.2 Non functional requirement ................................................................ 26
3.3.3 Hardware and Software Requirements. .............................................. 26
3.4 System Design ............................................................................................... 27
3.4.1 Actor identification ............................................................................. 27
3.5 Use Case Diagram ....................................................................................... 27
3.5.1 Use case description ............................................................................28
CHAPTER FOUR ........................................................................................................32
IMPLEMENTATION ..................................................................................................32
4.1Introduction .....................................................................................................32

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

4.2 Database .........................................................................................................32

4.3 User Interface .................................................................................................34
4.3.1 Home page .......................................................................................... 34
4.3.2 Login page ......................................................................................... 34
4.3.3 Employee page ....................................................................................35
4.3.4 Experience page .................................................................................36
4.3.5 Education page ...................................................................................36
4.3.6 Leave request page ..............................................................................37
4.3.7 Admin Dashboard .............................................................................. 37
4.3.8 Employee Control page ...................................................................... 38
4.3.9 Leave request approval page ..............................................................38
CHAPTER FIVE ......................................................................................................... 39
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...........................................................39
5.1 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 39
5.2 Recommendation ........................................................................................... 39
References ....................................................................................................................40

VI

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure i : Ethio telecom western region ..............................................................2

Figure ii : Ethio-telecom organizational structure ................................................ 6
Figure iii :wireless network division .................................................................. 10
Figure iv : RAN section ................................................................................... 11
Figure v : Waterfall model ..................................................................................25
Figure vi : Use case diagram ...............................................................................28
Figure vii : class diagram ....................................................................................31
Figure viii : Database of the system ....................................................................33
Figure ix : Interfece of the system ...................................................................... 34
Figure x : login page ........................................................................................... 35
Figure xi : employee access page ....................................................................... 35
Figure xii : Employee Experience page ............................................................. 36
Figure xiii :Employee Education page ................................................................36
Figure xiv :Leave Request page ..........................................................................37
Figure xv : admin access page ............................................................................ 38
Figure xvi : Employee control page ....................................................................38
Figure xvii : Leave request approval page ..........................................................38

VII

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

LIST OF TABLE

Table i : Activity ................................................................................................ 11

Table ii : software requirement ..........................................................................26
Table iii : Sign-up use case description .............................................................. 28
Table iv : login use case description ...................................................................28
Table v : Experience use case description .......................................................... 29
Table vi : Education use case description ........................................................... 29
Table vii : Leave request use case description ....................................................30

VIII

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

LIST OF ACRONYMS

BSC………………………………………BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BTS……………………………………….BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION
RAN……………………………………..RADIO ACCESS NETWORK
MSAG……………………………………MULTI SERVICE ACCESS GATEWAY
SIM……………………………………… SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE
BSS……………………………………… BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM
2G, 3G, 4G……………………….….SECOND, THIRD, FOURTH GENERATION
LAN…………………….……………...LOCAL AREA NETWORK
WAN………………….……………..WIDE AREA NETWORK.
WR……………………………………WESTERN REGION
MSC…………………………………MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER
O&M…………………………………OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
IBTE…………………………IMPERIAL BOARD OF TELECOMMUNICATION
ETA…………………………..ETHIOPIAN TELECOMMUNICATION AGENCY
IBTE………………IMPERIAL BOARD OF TELECOMMUNICATION ETHIOPIA
ITU………………………INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
CEO ………………………CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
CFO……………………..CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
CDMA……………………..CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
ICT………………….INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

IX

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.1History Of Ethio Telecom

Ethio Telecom, formerly known as the Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation

(ETC), has a long history dating back to 1894 when Emperor Menelik II granted
permission for the construction of the first telephone line in Ethiopia. The line
connected the imperial palace to the Ministry of War in Addis Ababa.Ethiopian
Telecommunications Corporation is the oldest public telecommunications operator in
Africa.

In the following years, Ethiopia's telecommunication infrastructure expanded

gradually. However, it wasn't until 1952 that the Ethiopian Telecommunications
Service was established as a government department responsible for managing the
country's telecommunications services.The Imperial Board of Telecommunications
of Ethiopia (IBTE) was established by the proclamation No. 131 on October 15, 1952
The main purpose of the Board, as stated in its establishment charter of article 5 was
“to rehabilitate, extend, repair and maintain the telecommunication facilities of
Ethiopia and to engage in the business of telecommunication for profit.”

In 1981, The Imperial Board of Telecommunications of Ethiopia (IBTE) was

transformed into the Ethiopian Telecommunications Authority (ETA), which became
responsible for both domestic and international telecommunications services. During
this time, ETA focused on expanding the telephone network across the country and
improving communication services.

In 1996, the Government established a separate regulatory body, the Ethiopian

Telecommunication Agency (ETA) by Proclamation 49/1996, and during the same
year, by regulation 10/1996, the Council of Ministers set up the Ethiopian
Telecommunications Corporation (ETC). Under ETC, Ethiopia experienced

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

significant growth in its telecommunications sector. The company expanded its

network infrastructure, introduced mobile services, and improved connectivity across
the country. However, ETC remained the sole provider of telecommunications
services in Ethiopia.

In 2010, ETC was rebranded as Ethio Telecom to reflect its transformation and
modernization efforts. Ethio Telecom continued to invest in expanding its services
and infrastructure, aiming to provide reliable and affordable communication services
to all Ethiopians.

Recently, the Ethio telecom company has been organizational structured by 1 head
quarter, 6 zonal offices and 8 regional offices providing different services such as
fixed telephone, mobile telephone, internet, CDMA, Etc. through its offices. Western
region is among 8 regional offices and plays vital role in Ethio telecom on behalf of
itself. Western Regional Ethio telecom is situated in the West of Ethiopia which is
found at Nekemte town 330 km from Addis Ababa. And it is responsible for local
operations and customer service.

Figure i : Ethio telecom western region

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

1.1.1 objective

The objective of Ethio Telecom is to provide reliable and affordable

telecommunications services to the people of Ethiopia. This includes expanding
network coverage to reach more areas, improving the quality of services, and
introducing new technologies to enhance communication capabilities. Additionally,
Ethio Telecom aims to contribute to the economic development of the country by
promoting digitalization and connectivity.

1.1.2 Vision

A Leading Digital Solutions Provider

To be a world-class provider of telecommunications services in Ethiopia.

1.1.3 Mission

 Provide Reliable Communications & Digital Financial Services to Simplify Life

and Accelerate Digital Transformation of Ethiopia.
 Provide high quality, innovative and affordable telecom products and services
that enhance the development of our nation.
 To connect every Ethiopian through ICT .
 Support community and environmental development Organizational.

1.1.4 Core values

 Human-Centric : responsive to employees, customers and stakeholders aligned

with their interests and values.

 Respect: Ethiotelecom respects all customers and recognizes that their revenues
allow Ethiotelecom to operate.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

 Excellence: Ethiotelecom will commit to high-level job performance , customer

service quality, organizational excellence and continuous improvement in all areas
Ethiotelecom will make every effort to achieve a superior financial return.
 Integrity: Ethiotelecom upholds ethical standards, being honest in all
assignments.
 Accountability: Ethiotelecom will hold us accountable to all our stakeholders.

1.2 The Main Services Of Ethio Telecom

Ethio Telecom is the telecommunications service provider in Ethiopia, and it offers a

range of services to its customers.Here are the main services typically provided by
Ethio Telecom:

 Fixed line telephone services: Ethio Telecom offers traditional landline telephone
services to both residential and business customers.

 Mobile services: Ethio Telecom provides mobile phone services, including voice
calls, SMS messaging, and mobile internet connectivity.
 Internet services: Ethio Telecom offers various internet connectivity options,
including broadband internet, fiber optic internet, and wireless internet.
 Data services: Ethio Telecom provides data services to businesses, such as leased
lines, MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching), and VPN (Virtual Private Network)
connections.
 International services: Ethio Telecom facilitates international voice calls,
international SMS messaging, and international roaming services for its mobile
subscribers.
 Value-added services: Ethio Telecom offers value-added services such as caller
tunes, missed call alerts, call waiting, conference calling, and mobile banking.

 Enterprise solutions: Ethio Telecom provides customized telecommunications

solutions to businesses, including cloud-based services, data center services, and
managed IT services.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

 E-commerce services: Ethio Telecom operates an e-commerce platform called

"Telebirr" that allows users to make online payments, transfer money, and access
various digital services.
 Telecommunication infrastructure: Ethio Telecom is responsible for the
construction and maintenance of the telecommunication infrastructure in Ethiopia,
including the development of fiber optic networks and the expansion of mobile
coverage.

1.2 Main Customers Or The End Users

The main customers or end users of Ethio Telecom are the people of Ethiopia. This
includes individuals, businesses, government organizations, and other institutions that
rely on telecommunications services for communication, internet access, and other
related needs.

1.4 Organization Structure And Workflow

Ethio Telecom has a hierarchical organizational structure that is divided into several
departments and units. The top-level management consists of a Board of Directors,
which is responsible for setting the overall strategic direction of the company. The
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) reports to the Board of Directors and is responsible
for the day-to-day operations of the company.

Under the CEO, there are several executive-level positions such as Chief Financial
Officer (CFO), Chief Technology Officer (CTO), and Chief Marketing Officer
(CMO), among others. These executives oversee specific areas of the company's
operations and report directly to the CEO.

Ethio Telecom has regional offices across Ethiopia to ensure effective service
delivery and customer support at the local level. These offices coordinate with the
central management team while addressing regional needs.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

Figure ii : Ethio-telecom organizational structure

Ethio Telecom has several divisions or departments that handle different aspects of
its operations. The division are functional areas within the organization that handle
specific aspects of its operations. These divisions are responsible for managing and
executing tasks related to their respective areas of focus.The divisions of Ethio
Telecom include Marketing and Sales,Finance, Human Resources,customer service,
fixed nework, wireless network are among the division.Also there are section within

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

the division.Sections are smaller units within a division that focus on specific tasks or
functions. They can be considered as sub-divisions within a larger division. Sections
help to further organize and streamline the operations of a division by assigning
specific responsibilities to smaller teams.

we were working in the RAN section.The RAN (Radio Access Network) section of
Ethio Telecom is responsible for the management and maintenance of the company's
wireless network infrastructure. This includes the base stations, antennas, and other
equipment that enable wireless communication for mobile devices.

The work flow of the RAN section typically involves the following steps:

 Network Planning: The RAN section is involved in the planning and design of
the wireless network, including determining the optimal locations for base stations
and antennas to ensure coverage and capacity requirements are met.

 Installation and Commissioning: The RAN section oversees the installation and
commissioning of new base stations and antennas. This includes configuring and
testing the equipment to ensure it is functioning properly.

 Performance Monitoring: The RAN section continuously monitors the

performance of the wireless network, including signal strength, call quality, and data
throughput. They use specialized tools and software to identify any issues or areas for
improvement.

 Optimization: Based on the performance data, the RAN section works to optimize
the network's performance. This may involve adjusting antenna configurations,
optimizing frequency allocation, or implementing software updates to improve
network efficiency.

 Fault Detection and Troubleshooting: If any faults or issues are detected in the
wireless network, the RAN section investigates and resolves them. This may involve
analyzing network logs, conducting tests, or troubleshooting equipment.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

 Capacity Planning: The RAN section is responsible for forecasting future

capacity requirements and planning for network expansions or upgrades to meet
growing demand for wireless services.

 Collaboration: The RAN section collaborates with other departments, such as

O&M and Technology, to coordinate activities related to network upgrades,
expansions, or new service deployments. They work together to ensure smooth
implementation and integration of changes in the wireless network.

Overall, the RAN section plays a crucial role in managing and maintaining Ethio
Telecom's wireless network infrastructure, ensuring reliable connectivity and quality
services for mobile customers.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

CHAPTER TWO
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1 How We Join Into The Company

The Industry Linkage Office of Dire Dawa University provided us with an invaluable
opportunity through an application letter. Once we had this letter,we went on search
for the perfect company that would offer us a wealth of real-world experience and
practical work. After careful consideration, our hearts were set on Ethio
Telecom(western region), one of the largest companies in the country. And they
happily welcomed us after we filled out their application form and gave us
acceptance paper.

2.2 The Section that We Have Been working

We were working in wireless network division, one of the divisions of ethio

telecom.wireless network division is classified into several sections that focus on
specific tasks or functions. Among these section we were assigned to work in RAN
section .RAN stands for Radio Access Network, and it is a critical component of a
telecommunications network, particularly in mobile and wireless communication
systems. The RAN is responsible for connecting mobile devices, such as smartphones
and tablets, to the core network infrastructure( base stations) and enabling
communication between these devices and other network elements.

There are three types of employees in this section .The first is the section head and
the other two are called RAN technician and RAN specialist.The RAN section head is
responsible for leading and managing a team of engineers and technicians within the
RAN section.The rest are are typically involve managing and maintaining the RAN
infrastructure to ensure smooth wireless network operations.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

Figure iii :wireless network division

In the RAN (Radio Access Network) section, work activities may include:

 The RAN section begins with network planning and design. This involves
assessing the coverage requirements, capacity needs, and technology upgrades for the
wireless network.

 Once the network is planned, the RAN team works on acquiring the necessary sites
for cell towers and base stations.

 After site acquisition, the RAN team installs the necessary radio equipment,
antennas, and other hardware at the cell sites.

 The newly installed equipment is commissioned and integrated into the network.
This involves configuring the hardware, software, and network parameters.

 The RAN team continuously monitors the network for performance, faults, and
quality of service.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

The RAN team is often involved in resolving customer complaints related to network
coverage or quality.

Figure iv : RAN section

2.3 Tasks We Have Been Executed

Table i : Activity
Time(week) Executed task
1st  Visiting the entire office
 meeting the RAN section workers
 we were told a brief history of the organization
 We were given instruction
 Visiting base station subsystem(BSS) room
 Visiting base transciever station(BTS) room
 Visiting base station controller(BTC)room
2nd ,3rd ,4th,5thh,6th We work as RAN operator.Here's an activity we performed:
 Network optimization and monitoring
 Fault identification and troubleshooting
 Routine Maintenance
7hh,8th  Project
 Preparing report

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

2.4 Procedures We Have Been Using While Performing Our Tasks

We regularly communicated with our supervisor to understand their expectations and

seek feedback. We discuss our goals, asked for guidance on tasks, we were taking
note and clarify any doubts or uncertainties we may have. We build relationships with
our colleagues and other professionals within the organization.

2.5 The Challenges That Have Been Faced

 Power failure
 Connection weakness some times
 Lack of enough material
 Lack of instruments (electronic device like pc).
 Having less number of contacts with the supervisors due to their
busyness, as they had to move from place to place more frequently.
 Inadequate time
 Insufficient learning materials
 Shortage of money
 Ethio Telecom has faced criticism for its customer service, including
long wait times, lack of responsiveness, and difficulty in resolving
issues.

2.6 Measures We Took To Overcome Challenges

 We try to Communicate with your supervisors about material shortages and explore
options for acquiring additional resources.
 We use backup generators to ensure continuous power supply

 Using alternative network connections when available (e.g., mobile data) for
critical tasks.

 We Plan our tasks and prioritize them based on importance

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

CHAPTER THREE

OVERALL BENEFITS WE GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP

Overall, the internship provided numerous benefits that greatly enhanced our
knowledge and skills in the field of telecommunications. Firstly, we gained hands-on
experience working with the Radio Access Network (RAN), which allowed us to
understand its components and functionalities in depth. This practical experience
enabled us to develop a strong foundation in wireless connectivity and network
infrastructure. Additionally, the internship provided opportunities to work with
advanced technologies like 2G,3G and 4G LTE , allowing us to stay updated with
the latest industry trends.

Here are some skills we have got and improved in our internship program: -
 Practical skills
 Theoretical Knowledge
 Interpersonal Communication skills
 Team playing skills
 Leadership skills
 About Work ethics

3.1 Practical Skill

As the main purpose of the internship at the university level is to facilitate or develop
our learning opportunities outside the class room, this experience provides the
opportunity to apply class room theory to real world station.. Our internship
experience also allowed us to develop and enhance our practical skills. By working on
real-world projects and tasks, we were able to apply and refine our technical abilities
specific to our chosen field.

We practically see what Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Base Station Controller
(BSC), Base Station Subsystem (BSS) and important functions performed by these
devices.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

3.2 Theoretical Knowledge

We believe theoretical lessons are a great foundation and prior thing you can’t get rid
of practical implementations. However theoretical knowledge developed by practical
means are unforgettable, easily and quickly understandable and the main tool for
problem solving.The internship experience didn’t bring only new ideas to the theory,
instead it helped in improving the available ways and ideas of problem- solving skills
to a great level. We do have a great inspiration to work with full confidence since we
enjoyed the most basics and practical implementations on this period. We upgraded
our theoretical knowledge and improved our experience in new things. This are what
is BTS, BCS, RAN and their function

3.3 Interpersonal Communication Skills

In terms of improving our interpersonal communication skills, We began to interact

with many workers in the Company. During the internship experience we had
improved our communication skills in very good manner which we could talk to any
staff with confidence and as easily possible. Not only our tutors and intern staffs but
also take the same confidence to other fields and work environments.

3.4 Team Playing Skills

In a company it is very important to play as a team. If there are disagreements

between the employees, it is very difficult to go ahead with the works. And as part of
a team, we should have to work with a positive attitude within a group for the success
of a project.

Good team worker possesses the following skills:

 Communicates constructively
 Listens actively
 Functions as an active participant
 Shares openly and willingly
 Cooperates and pitches in to help

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

 Shows commitment and monitoring to the team

3.5 Leadership skills

At the company we was able to see different engineers in hierarchical work and lead
the staff workers and the engineers under them.

During these times We Are able to observe that one should have great skills to be a
leader, such as:
 Good speaking ability.
 The ability to listen to others.
 Being decisive.
 Good management skills
 Knowing the subject one is working on thoroughly
We have observed that leadership is a great responsibility that one has to make the
team he is leading initiated and encouraged. This will enable you to get a good result,
so that your work is as perfect as or more than the expected.

3.6 About Work Ethic

Some characteristics of good work ethics are:

 Honesty
 Respect to one another.
 Cooperation
 Loyalty
 Transparency
 Punctuality

Overall, the internship provided a comprehensive learning experience and equipped

us with valuable skills that will be beneficial for our future careers .

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

PART II
PROJECT

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

ABSTRACT

Our Employee Leave and Record Management System is a comprehensive software

solution designed to streamline and simplify the management of employee leave
requests and records. This user-friendly system offers a centralized platform for both
employees and HR personnel to efficiently handle leave applications, approvals, and
record keeping. Key features include automated leave request submission,
customizable approval workflows, real-time leave balance tracking, and robust
reporting capabilities. By implementing our software, organizations can enhance
productivity, reduce administrative burdens, and ensure accurate and transparent leave
management while fostering a more engaged and satisfied workforce.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

CHAPTER ONE

EMPLOYEE LEAVE AND RECORD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1.1 Introduction

An Employee Leave and Record Management System is a software solution designed

to centralize and automate the processes associated with managing employee leaves
and maintaining essential personnel records within an organization. This
comprehensive tool is created to address the complexities and challenges that HR
departments face in monitoring and recording employee time off, while also ensuring
that all employee records are secure, up to date, and easily accessible.

This system streamlines the leave request and approval process. It allows employees
to request time off, whether it's for vacation, sick leave, or any other reason, through
an intuitive interface. Supervisors(admin) can efficiently review, approve, or reject
these requests.

In addition to leave management, the system serves as a centralized repository for

storing and managing employee records. This includes personal information,
employment history, experience , education , and more.

1.2 Problem Of Statement

Our existing system heavily relies on manual, paper-based processes for leave request
submission, approval, and record-keeping. This results in a significant amount of
administrative work and makes it prone to errors, delays, and lost documents.Also
maintaining employee records can be a complex task. Relying on spreadsheets or
physical files often leads to inaccuracies, data duplication, and the risk of data loss or
unauthorized access to sensitive employee information.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

1.2 Objective

1.3.1 General objective

The primary objective of the Employee Leave and Record Management System
project is to develop and implement efficient software solution that streamlines leave
management processes and maintains accurate employee records.

1.3.2 Specific objective

 To create a user-friendly interface for employees to submit leave requests

 To develop a centralized database for storing and managing employee records
 keep employee experience,education
➢ To handle proper and full information of every leave which have been provided
by the institution.
➢ To manipulate leave information of employee for the institution

1.3 Significant Of The Project

The project aims to automate and centralize the management of employee leaves and
records, reducing manual paperwork, errors, and administrative burden. This can lead
to increased efficiency, time savings, and improved accuracy in managing employee
data.

1.4 Scope Of The Project

The scope of the project encompasses both server and client-side functionalities, so
both aspects are covered in the project. Leave and record Management system will be
an online web based system to track leaves and record of ethio teecom western region
employee and featured with whole approval process of leave approval manual
procedure. This facilitates paperless application which caters multi-location based
leave tracking . By automating leave approval process, leave applying officer can
apply and view leave request status through the whole approval process and
supervising officers of the applicant can provide their recommendations easily.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Introduction.

The purpose of the literature review is to give a summary of facts and findings on this
project. This can be done by studying or finding the references or related findings.
This review will give a better understanding to the need for this project and also help
in designing the methodology for this project.A literature review is a critical and
comprehensive analysis of existing research and literature on a specific topic or
research question. It is a common component of academic and scholarly writing, often
found in research papers, theses, dissertations, and academic articles.

Besides that, the description of the existing system and review of related works are
included in this chapter.

2.2 Leave Overview

Leave is an authorized absence from duty. It is a period of time that one must be away
from his primary job, while maintaining the status of employee. This contrasts with
normal periods away from the workplace, such as vacations, holidays, hiatuses,
sabbaticals, and "working from home" programs, in that they are considered
exceptional circumstances, rather than benefits. Generally, such an arrangement has a
predefined termination at a particular date or after a certain event has occurred. All
leave time must be earned or allotted before it can be used by the employee.

2.2.1 Classifications of leave

There are two major classes of leave. These are paid leave and unpaid leave.

i. Paid leave: Essentially, paid leave is a situation in which the employee is away
from the workplace with permission of the employer, but continues to receive 8 salary

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

or wages during that period of time. Generally, paid leaves are given at the request of
the employer, or per some statutory or contractual requirement.

ii. Unpaid leave: Unpaid leaves are generally at the request of the employee or as a
result of suspected misconduct on the part of the employee. A leave may be obtained
for a variety of employee-requested reasons, including active duty call up for reserve
military personnel, or to attend to the health needs of the employee or of a family
member of the employee.

2.2.2 Categories of Leave

Subject to fulfilling the terms and conditions as stipulated rules by the organization,
the following types of leave may be admissible to an employee. These are:

i. Annual leave: This is the paid time off work granted by employers to employees to
be used for whatever the employee wishes. Depending on the employer's policies,
differing number of days may be offered, and the employee may be required to give a
certain amount of advance notice. An employee is allowed to take earned leave once
in a calendar year and this period is always less than 30 (Thirty) days. At least One (1)
year of continuous service is needed for an employee to be eligible for this type of
leave. 9

ii. Medical Leave: Leave on medical ground may be granted for the period not
exceeding Two (2) months. At least One (1) year of continuous service is needed for
an employee to be eligible for this type of leave.

iii. Maternity Leave: Maternity leave may be granted by the competent authority to
an employee depending on the organizations’ policy. Currently, women are
traditionally entitled to maternity leave for two main reasons: a. To provide women
with time to recuperate and rest from the physical, mental, and psychological hardship
associated with giving birth. b. To provide women with bonding time to spend with
the new-born child. Although parents who decide to utilize artificial wombs do not

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

need maternity leave for the first reason stated above, they still undoubtedly need
maternity leave for the second reason.

iv. Study Leave (with pay or without pay): Study leave for a period not exceeding
Two (2) years may be granted to an employee to enable him study or undergo special
courses of training considered useful for his services.

V .Casual Leave: This kind of leave refers to a leave of absence for a very short
period of days granted to an employee who may be unable to attend duty due to
sudden illness or urgent private/family affairs.

According to the division of the state chief information officer (CIO), Malaysia
(2002), An Electronic Leave System (E-leave) is an easy to use Internet or web-based
system for creation, submission, confirmation and reporting of all type of leave. Also,
electronic Leave System is described as a smart online Leave Management System
that allows users to apply for their leave conveniently anytime, anywhere and
designed with online leave approving capabilities, making every leave application a
total breeze for both those applying as well as those approving (Sin, 2007).

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the system methodology will be explained. It will focus on how to
collect data and how they will be analyzed and implemented and how system is
designed and developed.

3.1. Data Collection Technique

The data collection techniques to be used include:

3.1.1 Surveys

We design and distribute surveys to employees to gather information about their

experience with the current leave and record management system. We ask questions
like the ease of use, satisfaction levels, and any suggestions for improvement.

3.1.2 Interviews
We conduct one-on-one interviews with key stakeholders, such as HR managers or
employees responsible for managing leave records. These interviews provide us
valuable insights into the current system's strengths and weaknesses.

3.1.3 Document Analysis

Review existing documents such as leave application forms, records, policies, and
procedures related to employee leave and record management. This analysis can help
us to identify gaps or areas that require improvement
.

3.2. System Development and Methodology

System development methodology refers to a structured approach or framework that

guides the process of developing a system.A system development methodology
typically includes various phases, activities, and deliverables that need to be followed

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

in a systematic manner. Some common system development methodologies include

the waterfall model, agile methodology, spiral model, and iterative model. Each
methodology has its own strengths and weaknesses and is suitable for different types
of projects. In this case, the methodology used will be a waterfall model.

The waterfall model is sequential approach to system development that follows a

linear and structured process. It consists of several distinct phases, each building upon
the previous one. Here is how we applied waterfall model to the development of our
project :

 Requirements Phase:
- Gather and document the requirements for the system, including functionalities,
features, and user expectations.
- Identify the key stakeholders and involve them in the requirements gathering
process.
- Define the scope of the system and establish clear objectives.

 Design Phase:
- Based on the gathered requirements,we design the overall architecture and
structure of the system.
-We Create detailed design specifications, including data models, user interfaces,
and system components.

 Implementation Phase:
- Develop the system according to the design specifications.
-We use appropriate programming languages, frameworks, and technologies.

 Verification Phase:
- Perform system testing to ensure that the entire system works as intended.

Maintenance Phase:
- Monitor the system's performance and address any issues or concerns that arise.
- Regularly update and maintain the system to ensure its reliability and security.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

Figure v : Waterfall model

3.3 Requirement Analysis

Requirement analysis is the process of gathering, documenting, and analyzing the

needs and expectations of stakeholders for a system or software application.

3.3.1 Functional requirement

Functional requirements refer to the specific features and functionalities that a system
must possess in order to meet the needs of its users. These requirements define what
the system should do and how it should behave.

The functional requirements for the proposed system include:

- The system should allow the modification, and deletion of user accounts
- Employees should be able to submit leave applications specifying the type of leave
- Admin should have the ability to review and approve/reject leave applications
- The system should keep the remaining record of each employee

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

3.3.2 Non functional requirement

Non-functional requirements, on the other hand, define the qualities and

characteristics that a system must possess in order to be considered successful.These
include the following :

Security:
- The system should ensure secure access to sensitive employee information and
leave records.
Performance:
- Response times for common operations like leave application submission and
approval should be within acceptable limits.
Scalability:
- The system should be designed to handle future growth in terms of the number of
employees and leave requests.
Usability:
- The user interface should be intuitive and user-friendly, allowing users to easily
navigate and perform tasks.

3.3.3 Hardware and Software Requirements.

A) Hardware
 Personal computer(PC)

B) Software
Table ii : software requirement

General activities Tools used

Front end Languages HTML, CSS and Java script

Back end language PHP

Web Server XAMPP

Code editor Visual Studio Code

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

Database MYSQL

Documentation tools MS office, Google Docs

Browsers Microsoft Edge, Chrome, Firefox

3.4 System Design

3.4.1 Actor identification

An actor represents a type of users of the system or external system that plays a role
in one or more interactions with our system. The admin and employee are the two
actors involved in the proposed system.

Admin:
- The admin is responsible for managing and maintaining the system. Their actions
may include:
- Logging into the system with administrative credentials.
- Adding, modifying, or deleting employee records.
- Granting or rejecting leave requests from employees.

Employee:
- The employee is the primary actor who interacts with the system to manage their
leaves and records. Their actions may include:
- Logging into the system using their unique credentials.
- Viewing their personal information, such as contact details or employment history.
- Applying for leaves by specifying the leave type, dates, and reason.
- Checking the status of their leave applications
- Updating personal information if necessary

3.5 Use Case Diagram.

Use case diagram is a UML diagram that representation of a user's interaction with
the system that shows the relationship between the user and the different use cases in
which the user is involved. It shows relationship between use cases, relationships and
actors. These actors can either be internal or external agents or both.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

Figure vi : Use case diagram

3.5.1 Use case description

Table iii : Sign-up use case description

Use case name Sign-up

Use case description Signing up for the access to the platform

Actor Employee

Preconditions Needs to have valid credential given by the by the company

Needs to have an internet access point

Post conditions Employee page access

Table iv : login use case description

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

Use case name Log in

Use case description To enter to the system/to authenticate user

Actor All actors

preconditions ● Needs to have valid credential given by the company

● Needs to have an internet access point

Post conditions Dashboard access

Table v : Experience use case description

Use case name Experience

Use case description To add experience of the employee

Actor All actor

preconditions Needs to logged in

Needs to have valid credential given by the company

Needs to have an internet access point

Post conditions Employee and admin can add or edit the experience

Table vi : Education use case description

Use case name Education

Use case description To manage education of employee

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

Actor All actors

preconditions Needs to logged in

Needs to have valid credential given by the company

Needs to have an internet access point

Post conditions Actor can edit , add the education of employee

Table vii : Leave request use case description

Use case name Leave Request

Use case description Manage leave request of employee

Actor All actor

preconditions Needs to logged in

Needs to have valid credential given by the company

Needs to have an internet access point

Post conditions Employee can add a leave request and admin approve or reject
the request

3.6 Class Diagram

A class diagram, within the context of UML (Unified Modeling Language), is a visual
representation that illustrates the structural aspects of a software system. It focuses on
modeling classes, their attributes, methods, and the relationships that exist among
them. In a class diagram, classes are typically depicted as rectangular boxes, with the
class name at the top, attributes in the middle section, and methods in the lower
section. Lines and connectors between classes reveal associations, inheritances, and
dependencies, providing a clear understanding of how different components of a

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

system interact. Class diagrams serve as a foundational tool for software architects
and developers, aiding in the design, planning, and communication of complex
software systems.

Figure vii : class diagram

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

CHAPTER FOUR

IMPLEMENTATION

4.1Introduction

This chapter provides an in-depth overview of the implementation phase of the

Employee Leave and Record Management System. It encompasses the technologies,
tools, methodologies, and data management processes that were utilized in bringing
the system to life.

4.2 Database

The database for our Employee Leave and Record Management System is a pivotal
component responsible for storing and managing various types of data associated with
the system's functionality, employee records, leave requests, and more. These
databases are structured to efficiently organize and store information related to
employees and their leave records.
The database comprises several key tables, each serving a specific role within the
system:

Employee : This table is dedicated to storing essential employee information,

including names, employee IDs, employee name, employee email address,contact
details, and department.

Leave Requests: The Leave Requests table records all leave requests made by
employees. It includes details such as the requesting employee, leave type, start and
end dates, and the status of the request (pending, approved, or rejected).

Education Records: The "Education Records" table captures an employee's

educational details, encompassing the institution attended, field of study, graduation
year, and GPA. This data aids in assessing an employee's qualifications and
enhancing HR decision-making within the system.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

Leave History: Leave History is a record of all past leave requests, documenting
details such as leave type, duration, and approval status.

Roles and Permissions: This table defines user roles and permissions, specifying
what actions different user roles can perform within the system (e.g., administrators,
employees).

These tables collectively form a robust and structured database that supports the core
functions of the Employee Leave and Record Management System. They enable
efficient data storage, retrieval, and management, ensuring the system's accuracy and
reliability in managing employee records and leave requests.

Figure viii : Database of the system

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

4.3 User Interface

The user of the system is able to interact with the system through this component.

4.3.1 Home page

The homepage of our Employee Leave and Record Management System functions as
the central entry point to the platform, creating an initial impression and directing
users to the system's diverse features and resources. It simplifies user access to
different sections of the system, including employee profiles, leave requests, records,
and contact information. This intuitive design ensures a user-friendly experience,
enhancing the ease of navigation and utilization for all system stakeholders.

Figure ix : Interfece of the system

4.3.2 Login page

The login page for the Employee Leave and Record Management System serves as
the entry point for authorized users. It prompts individuals to provide their Employee
ID and password for secure access to the system.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

Figure x : login page

4.3.3 Employee page

The Employee Page within the Employee Leave and Record Management System is a
personalized portal where employees can manage their profiles, access leave records,
and submit leave requests.

Figure xi : employee access page

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

4.3.4 Experience page

The Experience Page within the Employee Leave and Record Management System
allows employees to document and review their professional experiences within the
organization.

Figure xii : Employee Experience page

4.3.5 Education page

Figure xiii :Employee Education page

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

4.3.6 Leave request page

The Leave Request Page is a vital component of the Employee Leave and Record
Management System, providing employees with a user-friendly platform to submit,
track, and manage their leave requests

Figure xiv :Leave Request page

4.3.7 Admin Dashboard

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

4.3.8 Employee Control page

Figure xv : admin access page

Figure xvi : Employee control page

4.3.9 Leave request approval page

Figure xvii : Leave request approval page

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion

In conclusion, the employee leave and record management system plays a crucial role
in streamlining and automating the leave application and record-keeping process
within an organization. The system has proven to be highly effective in reducing
manual errors, saving time and effort, and improving overall efficiency. By
implementing this system, organizations can ensure accurate tracking of employee
leaves, minimize conflicts, and enhance employee satisfaction.

The project report has provided an in-depth analysis of the employee leave and record
management system, including its features, benefits, and implementation process. It
has also highlighted the challenges faced during the development and deployment
phases. Through this report, we have gained a comprehensive understanding of the
system's functionality and its impact on organizational operations.

5.2 Recommendation

To further enhance the efficiency of the employee leave and record management
system, it is recommended to integrate it with the existing Human Resource
Management System (HRMS). This integration would allow seamless data transfer
between various HR processes, such as payroll management, performance evaluation,
and Developing a mobile application for the employee leave and record management
system would enable employees to access their leave balances, apply for leaves, and
track their application status on-the-go. This would provide greater convenience and
accessibility for employees, especially those who work remotely or are frequently on
field assignments.
We also recommend that continuously improving the user interface of the system by
conducting user feedback sessions and incorporating user-centric design principles
would enhance user adoption and overall user experience. A user-friendly interface
would reduce the learning curve for employees and ensure smooth navigation within
the system.

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|51059769

References
[1].www.ethiotelecom.et[2]
[2].Transmission basic training for operation and maintenance, NAP Transmission
Teams, July 27, 2015
[3].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethio_telecom[4]
[4].htps://www.ethiotelecom.e access date:[5].Toni Janevski, Trafc Analysis and
Design of Wireless IP Networks, Artech House Boston,
London,2003[6]. htps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications nework[7].
[5].https://blog.circuits4you.com/
[6]. htp://www.biometric-solutons.com/biometric-fingerprint.html
[7].Each section (RAN, core, IP and transmission) training manuals of Ethio telecom
[8].Ethio telecom and ZTE training manuals
[9].Data and Computer Communications, William Stallings, ISBN 0-13-243310-9,
ISBN 978- 0-13-243310-5
[10].https://www.ethiotelecom.et/about-us/

Downloaded by MEZGEBU GETAHUN ([email protected])