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Experiment#14

A nozzle is a device that increases fluid velocity at the expense of pressure, controlling the flow characteristics as it exits or enters a chamber or pipe. There are three main types of nozzles: convergent, divergent, and convergent-divergent, each serving different purposes such as increasing velocity or pressure. Nozzles are widely used in various applications, including regulating flow in hoses and controlling pressure in systems like garden sprinklers.

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26 views2 pages

Experiment#14

A nozzle is a device that increases fluid velocity at the expense of pressure, controlling the flow characteristics as it exits or enters a chamber or pipe. There are three main types of nozzles: convergent, divergent, and convergent-divergent, each serving different purposes such as increasing velocity or pressure. Nozzles are widely used in various applications, including regulating flow in hoses and controlling pressure in systems like garden sprinklers.

Uploaded by

vj kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Nozzle

A device in which velocity is increased at the cost of pressure is known as nozzle. It is designed
to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to increase velocity) as it
exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe.
A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or
modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow,
speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In a
nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its pressure energy.
Types of Nozzle
There are three types of nozzle which mentioned below,
1) Convergent nozzle
2) Divergent nozzle
3) Convergent-Divergent nozzle

1. Convergent nozzle
The convergent nozzles are used to increase fluid velocity and thus convert most of the fluid
energy into its kinetic energy. Such nozzles are used to run turbine blades in impact turbine
electric generators.

A convergent nozzle starts big and gets smaller-a decrease in cross-sectional area. As a fluid
enters the smaller cross-section, it has to speed up due to the conservation of mass. To maintain a
constant amount of fluid moving through the restricted portion of the nozzle, the fluid must move
faster

A convergent nozzle is shown below,

Figure 1 A converging nozzle


2. Divergent nozzle
A divergent nozzle is used to increase the pressure and thus produce high thrust like aircraft jet
engines or rocket propulsion engines.

A divergent nozzle is shown following,

Air in Air out

Figure 2 Divergent nozzle

3. Convergent-Divergent nozzle
A convergent-divergent nozzle starts from big cross sectional area and gets smaller i.e.
converges and then area of nozzle gradually starts increasing.
A schematic of convergent-divergent nozzle is shown below,

Air
in
Air out

Figure 3 A Convergent-Divergent nozzle

Applications of Nozzle
 Nozzles are used to regulate the flow of substances. They are found at the tip of a hose or
pipe from which liquid or gas substances are discharged. Different nozzles are made
available for various applications.
 Since nozzles can control the pressure of substance, they are also utilized in simple
applications such as in garden hose or garden sprinkler.
 Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape,
and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them.

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