Scribd
Upload
11 views4 pages

Thethree

The three-schema architecture, also known as ANSI/SPARC architecture, is a framework that outlines the structure of a database system by separating user applications from the physical database. It consists of three levels: the internal level, which details physical storage; the conceptual level, which describes the overall database design; and the external level, which provides different views for end users. Mapping is used to transform requests between these levels, but it may not be efficient for small databases.

Uploaded by

ramspatnala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views4 pages

Thethree

The three-schema architecture, also known as ANSI/SPARC architecture, is a framework that outlines the structure of a database system by separating user applications from the physical database. It consists of three levels: the internal level, which details physical storage; the conceptual level, which describes the overall database design; and the external level, which provides different views for end users. Mapping is used to transform requests between these levels, but it may not be efficient for small databases.

Uploaded by

ramspatnala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

The three-schema architecture

o The three schema architecture is also called ANSI/SPARC (ANSI/SPARC stands for
American National Standards Institute/Standards Planning And Requirements
Committee) architecture or three-level architecture.
o This framework is used to describe the structure of a specific database system.
o The three schema architecture is also used to separate the user applications and
physical database.
o The three schema architecture contains three-levels. It breaks the database down
into three different categories.

The three-schema architecture is as follows:

In the above diagram:


o It shows the DBMS architecture.
o Mapping is used to transform the request and response between various database
levels of architecture.
o Mapping is not good for small DBMS because it takes more time.
o In External / Conceptual mapping, it is necessary to transform the request from
external level to conceptual schema.
o In Conceptual / Internal mapping, DBMS transform the request from the
conceptual to internal level.

Objectives of Three schema Architecture


1. Internal Level

o The internal level has an internal schema which describes the physical storage
structure of the database.
o The internal schema is also known as a physical schema.
o It uses the physical data model. It is used to define that how the data will be stored
in a block.
o The physical level is used to describe complex low-level data structures in detail.

The internal level is generally is concerned with the following activities:

o Storagespaceallocations.
For Example: B-Trees, Hashing etc.
o Access paths.
For Example: Specification of primary and secondary keys, indexes, pointers and
sequencing.
o Data compression and encryption techniques.
o Optimization of internal structures.
o Representation of stored fields.

2. Conceptual Level

o The conceptual schema describes the design of a database at the conceptual level.
Conceptual level is also known as logical level.
o The conceptual schema describes the structure of the whole database.
o The conceptual level describes what data are to be stored in the database and also
describes what relationship exists among those data.
o In the conceptual level, internal details such as an implementation of the data
structure are hidden.
o Programmers and database administrators work at this level.

3. External Level

o At the external level, a database contains several schemas that sometimes called
as subschema. The subschema is used to describe the different view of the
database.
o An external schema is also known as view schema.
o The view schema describes the end user interaction with database systems.

You might also like