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Thethree

The three-schema architecture, also known as ANSI/SPARC architecture, is a framework that outlines the structure of a database system by separating user applications from the physical database. It consists of three levels: the internal level, which details physical storage; the conceptual level, which describes the overall database design; and the external level, which provides different views for end users. Mapping is used to transform requests between these levels, but it may not be efficient for small databases.

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12 views4 pages

Thethree

The three-schema architecture, also known as ANSI/SPARC architecture, is a framework that outlines the structure of a database system by separating user applications from the physical database. It consists of three levels: the internal level, which details physical storage; the conceptual level, which describes the overall database design; and the external level, which provides different views for end users. Mapping is used to transform requests between these levels, but it may not be efficient for small databases.

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ramspatnala
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The three-schema architecture

o The three schema architecture is also called ANSI/SPARC (ANSI/SPARC stands for
American National Standards Institute/Standards Planning And Requirements
Committee) architecture or three-level architecture.
o This framework is used to describe the structure of a specific database system.
o The three schema architecture is also used to separate the user applications and
physical database.
o The three schema architecture contains three-levels. It breaks the database down
into three different categories.

The three-schema architecture is as follows:

In the above diagram:


o It shows the DBMS architecture.
o Mapping is used to transform the request and response between various database
levels of architecture.
o Mapping is not good for small DBMS because it takes more time.
o In External / Conceptual mapping, it is necessary to transform the request from
external level to conceptual schema.
o In Conceptual / Internal mapping, DBMS transform the request from the
conceptual to internal level.

Objectives of Three schema Architecture


1. Internal Level

o The internal level has an internal schema which describes the physical storage
structure of the database.
o The internal schema is also known as a physical schema.
o It uses the physical data model. It is used to define that how the data will be stored
in a block.
o The physical level is used to describe complex low-level data structures in detail.

The internal level is generally is concerned with the following activities:

o Storagespaceallocations.
For Example: B-Trees, Hashing etc.
o Access paths.
For Example: Specification of primary and secondary keys, indexes, pointers and
sequencing.
o Data compression and encryption techniques.
o Optimization of internal structures.
o Representation of stored fields.

2. Conceptual Level

o The conceptual schema describes the design of a database at the conceptual level.
Conceptual level is also known as logical level.
o The conceptual schema describes the structure of the whole database.
o The conceptual level describes what data are to be stored in the database and also
describes what relationship exists among those data.
o In the conceptual level, internal details such as an implementation of the data
structure are hidden.
o Programmers and database administrators work at this level.

3. External Level

o At the external level, a database contains several schemas that sometimes called
as subschema. The subschema is used to describe the different view of the
database.
o An external schema is also known as view schema.
o The view schema describes the end user interaction with database systems.

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