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Activiedatabases

Active databases are advanced database management systems that automatically respond to data changes through triggers, which are procedures invoked by specific events. They operate on an Event-Condition-Action (ECA) model, allowing for real-time data processing and immediate action. Examples include real-time, in-memory, transactional, and time-series databases, which are designed for scenarios requiring prompt responses.

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9 views1 page

Activiedatabases

Active databases are advanced database management systems that automatically respond to data changes through triggers, which are procedures invoked by specific events. They operate on an Event-Condition-Action (ECA) model, allowing for real-time data processing and immediate action. Examples include real-time, in-memory, transactional, and time-series databases, which are designed for scenarios requiring prompt responses.

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ramspatnala
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An active database is a type of database management system (DBMS) that goes beyond the traditional passive
approach of responding only to user queries. Instead, it actively processes events and automatically responds to
changes in data. Let’s dive into the details:

1. Triggers:

◦ A trigger is a procedure that the DBMS automatically invokes in response to specific changes to the
database. These changes can include insertions, deletions, or updates to data.
◦ Triggers are specified by the database administrator (DBA) and are associated with specific events.
◦ When the database is modified in a way that matches the event specification, the associated trigger is
executed.
◦ A database with a set of associated triggers is generally referred to as an active database .

2. Event-Condition-Action (ECA):

◦ Active databases follow an ECA model:


▪ Event: Occurs in the database (e.g., addition of a new row, deletion of a row).
▪ Condition: Specifies a condition that must be met for the trigger to activate.
▪ Action: Defines what action the trigger should take when the condition is satisfied.
◦ Triggers are essentially like “daemons” that monitor the database and execute when relevant events
occur.

3. Features of Active Databases:

◦ Data Modeling: Active databases support all the concepts of a conventional database, including data
modeling facilities and query languages.
◦ Functionality: They provide functions for data definition, data manipulation, and storage
management.
◦ ECA Rules: Active databases allow the definition and management of ECA rules.
◦ Event Detection: They detect event occurrences.
◦ Condition Evaluation and Action Execution: Active databases evaluate conditions and execute
actions based on triggers.
◦ Examples of Active Databases:
▪ Real-time Databases: Examples include Oracle TimesTen (for real-time applications with sub-
millisecond response times) and VoltDB (lightning-fast in-memory database for analytics).
▪ In-Memory Databases: SAP HANA (column-oriented, in-memory system for large data
processing) and MemSQL (combining analytics and transactions in memory).
▪ Transactional Databases: MySQL Cluster (automatic sharding and synchronous replication)
and Microsoft SQL Server with Always On (high availability and disaster recovery).
▪ Time-series Databases: InfluxDB (for time-stamped data, often used in IoT and monitoring)
and Prometheus (toolkit for real-time system monitoring).

In summary, active databases proactively respond to changes in data, making them suitable for real-time
applications and scenarios where immediate action is required. Triggers play a crucial role in enabling this
automatic responsiveness within the database system. If you have any more questions or need further clarification,
feel free to ask!

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