DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE

UNIVERSITY
North La Union Campus
Bacnotan, La Union

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIO-

ANTROPOLOGICAL
FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
AND SPORTS

(BEPE IV )
101
MODULE

JOEL C. AGULLO

MODULE IV
 Module 4
Philosophical and Socio-Anthropological
Foundations of Physical Education and Sports

Lesson 1: Youth and Community Sport

Lesson 2: Community-based Physical Education and

Sport-
Related Programs

Lesson 3: Issues and Challenges in Physical Education

and Sports

Lesson 4: Future Trends

COURSE OUTLINE

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in

PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIO-ANTHROPOLOGICAL

FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

(BEPE 101)


This module studies the diverse justifications on the
educational value of Physical Education and examination how the
various youth and community sport influence physical education
and sports; discussions of the community-based Physical Education
and Sport-Related Programs, the different issues and challenges
that can be encounter in doing physical activities and the future
trends for the next generation.

OBJECTIV
ES At the end of the semester the students should be able to:

1. Understand the contribution of community-based

Physical Education and Sport-related Programs to the
wellness of an individual;
2. Recognize the community-based Physical Education and
Sport-Related programs;
3. Analyze the different youth and community sport and
their characteristics;
4. Acquire basic knowledge on the following issues and
challenges in Physical Education and Sports;
5. Evaluate the different future trends about sports for the
new generation.

 DIRECTIONS/ MODULE
ORGANIZER
At the end of the semester, the students are expected to
comprehend all the inputs and learnings such as the different sports
for youth and in the community, the different sport-related
programs, issue and challenges, and future trends. Moreover, they
are expected to apply these learning to their future endeavor.

LESSON 1:
 YOUTH AND COMMUNITY SPORTS

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 INTRODUCTION
Participating in youth and community sports are part of
regular growing up of an individual especially the development of
every youth. It is very important to know that physical activity
(sports) is not just only important but very essential for healthy and
optimal development of everyone, from being a kid or child until a
person reaches its early adulthood. Hence, youth and community
sports provide many opportunities and avenues for physically active
routine. Moreover, they provide a positive outlet wherein the youth
can boost their confidence and can spend their free time in order for
them to relieve boredom, stress, and anxiety. Also, teach them to
engage and interact with their fellow youth around their community.

Source: https://www.seattleymca.org/blog/5-unexpected-benefits-playing-
youth-sports-y

Youth and Community Sports in Selected Countries

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Sports is very popular all over the world especially its

importance and contribution to the health and wellness of an
individual who is engage in the said sport. Hence, many countries
have a strong interest in participating in different sports especially
the youth itself.

The following descriptions from Australia, Canada, Norway,

and the United Kingdom could be used as examples of how to
create a sports-focused environment and thus a more active
country.

AUSTRALIA

The Government of Australia released Sport 2030, the nation’s

sports plan to get Australians more active and to strengthen the
sports industry. Australia’s Department of Health works closely with
states and territories, the Australian Sports Commission, and other
key national sporting organizations to develop, implement, and
promote policies and strategies to support participation,
achievement, and integrity in Australian sports. One initiative,
Sporting Schools, supports integration of sports into schools

CANADA

The Canadian Sport Policy, released in 2012, sets the direction

for all governments, institutions, and organizations in Canada to
ensure that sports have a positive impact on the lives of Canadians.
As a result of the national policy, regional policies have been
developed. Sport Canada, a government entity, exists to invest
financial and policy resources within the Canadian sports system.
Provincial and territorial governments, as well as the for-profit and
not-for-profit sectors, also provide programs and funding that
support participation and excellence in sport.

NORWAY

Norway’s Ministry of Culture oversees sports policy in Norway.

Norway funds physical activity and sports with revenue generated
through the national lottery and gaming provider. This revenue is
used for sports facilities, special sporting activities (e.g., inclusive
sports teams and youth programming), grants to the Norwegian
Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports
(NIF), and grants to local teams and sports associations.

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UNITED KINGDOM

The United Kingdom (U.K.) has a Department for Digital,

Culture, Media & Sport (DCMS), led by its Secretary of State. In the
U.K., gambling and sport are under the same department.
Therefore, Sport England, a non-departmental public body, is funded
through national lottery revenue, similar to Norway’s sport funding

PHILIPPINES

Sports activities is broadly utilized to support well-being of

youth after a disaster or conflict. The Mastery Approach to Coaching
(MAC) is a coaching-education program on sports activities. The
MAC reported to have a positive effect on youngsters’ self-esteem.

BENEFITS OF PLAYING YOUTH AND COMMUNITY SPORTS

Joining youth and community sports are not merely about

learning sports skills. It is also about developing your social and
emotional aspect going in creating a lifelong fitness habit. Here are
the said benefits that a young athlete can gain in playing youth and
community sports:

1. Develop Self-Esteem

Developing self-esteem is not easy as we think, instead it

takes a lot of time for us to develop this characteristic. Doing high-
five, pat on the back, thumbs up, or even a nod of approval – these
simple gestures can help build confidence. As young people get
positive reinforcement from teammates and coaches, they learn to
offer that same kind of enforcement to themselves and others. The
youth itself also develop self-confidence the more they learn about
themselves and their abilities through the process of learning and
practicing new skills.

2. Healthy Habits for Life

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When a person plays sports, they probably don’t even realize

how much healthier they are becoming. By getting the
recommended daily amount of play and exercise, they are building
cardiovascular and muscular strength plus making healthy habits
that last a lifetime.

3. Youth Sports Make Future Leaders

While team sports require team effort, then the youth will
learn and appreciate the importance of leadership skill. By knowing
and learning this kind of skill, they learn to become responsible one
as they recognize the vital roles they play on their team. There is a
saying that “Leadership isn’t always about who is the best or on top
—leadership is about being accountable for your actions and being a
role model for sportsmanship”. Through this kind of initiative,
camaraderie will be part of their daily practice.

4. Teamwork

It is true that no one is an island, and two heads are better

than one. In any sports category, one of the advises that an athlete
should put in their mind is the importance of teamwork. It is very
evident that the ability to work well with others is a skill that youth
athletes will learn playing sports and will bring with them
throughout their entire lives. It will prove to be beneficial when they
work with others as they grow older.

5. Young Athletes Perform Better in the Classroom

Youth athletes have been observed to be better students.
Through sports, they will learn about time management and
discipline. Teammates often support each other on and off the field,
helping one another keep track of schedules and academic
responsibilities.

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Source: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/bmi/calculator.html

Examples of Youth and Community Sports

basketba
ll

Futsal Soccer

Youth and
Communit
y Sports

Volleybal
T-ball
l

Baseball

Information is from: https://trinitysportsfoundation.org/youth-sports-

can-positively-change-childs-life-direction/

How to Keep Youth in Sports

Providing youth with fun sports

opportunities at different levels
of competition

Offering time for encourage sustained

unstructured play or participation is to
recreational or promote sport
intramural leagues sampling. Not all youth
enables youth with thrive in the same
varying abilities to play sport. If youth have
in a less competitive access to a variety of
environment sports opportunities,
opportunities at they can try different
different levels of sports to find activities
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Unstructured play can help

youth build physical literacy
skills and enjoy social
interaction

IMPORTANCE OF YOUTH AND COMMUNITY SPORTS

According to Department of Local Government, Sport, and

Cultural Industries under the Government of Western Australia,
Sport and recreation is not about winning, it's about helping build
stronger, healthier, happier, and safer communities. The
Department advocates and supports projects to strengthen
communities through sport and recreation. Hence, they stated the
importance of youth and community sports:

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Source from https://www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au/sport-and-recreation/benefits-to-

thecommunity#:~:text=Communities%20that%20participate%20in
%20sport,healthier%2C%20happier%20and%20safer%20communities.

 LEARNING
ACTIVITY
1. As a PE Teacher, you are assigned by your Barangay Captain to
organized a sports event for the youth in your community.
Hence, you are asked to provide a proposal which contains the
rationale, goals, and objectives. Relate your answer (proposal) in
our lesson about youth and community sports.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

NOTE: USE THE ANSWER SHEET TEMPLATE/FORMAT

PROVIDED

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LESSON 2

 COMMUNITY-BASED PHYSICAL EDUCATION

AND SPORTS-RELATED PROGRAM

 INTRODUCTION

One of the goals of Physical Education (PE) is improving

student’s active engagement on a particular physical activity or
sports, whether in or out of the borders of the school. In order to
explore on the factors influencing a student’s participation on
community- based physical and sports activities. A high-quality PE
curriculum enables all students to enjoy and succeed in many kinds
of physical activity. They develop a wide range of skills and the
ability to use tactics, strategies and compositional ideas to perform
successfully. When they are performing, they think about what they
are doing, they analyze the situation and make decisions. They also
reflect on their own and others’ performances and find ways to
improve upon them. As a result, they develop the confidence to take
part in different physical activities and learn about the value of
healthy, active lifestyles.

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Source: https://www.nordangliaeducation.com/our-schools/abu-
dhabi/learning/sport-and-physical-education/physical-education/the-
importance-of-physical-education

Improve and
prevent
chronic
conditions

Improve
access to
Promote
nutritious,
sexual health
safe, and
and well-being
affordable
sources

Benefits of
Physical Education
and Sports in the
Community

Develop Prevent
mental health possible
and well-being injuries

Reducing
environmental
health risks

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Source:
https://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/wihpw/priority_areas/promoting_physical_acti
vity_and_active_communities

The above image shows how physical activity in the

community promote healthy growth and development and benefit
the whole community, by encouraging greater family and social
connectedness. It can also reduce the risk of getting a range of
chronic illnesses or help with their management. Even just a little
physical activity can provide protection against long-term chronic
illness.

As defined, Physical activity is any activity that gets your body

moving, makes you breathe quicker and your heart beat
faster. Inactivity is a significant cause of ill-health for Australians
and a major contributor to high blood pressure, high blood glucose,
overweight and obesity.

FOUR MAJOR SPORTS-RELATED PROGRAMS IN THE

PHILIPPINES

The Philippine Sports Commission (PSC) is the organization of

the Philippine government that handles matters concerning sports,
and sporting leagues throughout the country. They were formed by
the Office of the President by Republic Act 6847 in January of 1990.
The PSC office is currently located in Manila, Philippines and is made
up of a chairman, 4 commissioners, and an executive director.
Together with the Office of the President, they determine the best
way to build interest and develop Filipino sports. The commission
also serves as a voice for Philippine sports and helps
shape Philippine gambling laws and policies concerning sports in the
Philippines.

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Source: https://news.abs-cbn.com/sports/07/12/20/philippine-sports-
commission-workforce-all-negative-for-covid-19

Below are the four sports-related programs established and

organized by the Philippine Sports Commission. Its main goal is to
increase sports participation of all Filipino sports. Moreover, they wanted
all Filipino children to love and embrace Filipino games and sports by
providing experiencing and hosting community events. Here are the
descriptions of the four as stated by the Philippine Sports Commission:

1. Philippine Sports Institute

The PSC created a program called the Philippine Sports Institute

to recognize and develop potential athletes across the Philippines. The
sports institute finds potential athletes and gives them access to their
state-of-the-art resources. They track growth, strength, and athletic
ability and provide assistance to young athletes they think can be
beneficial to Filipino sports or national sports in the future. A lot of
times these programs help underprivileged youth by giving them
access to sporting resources and training materials. They look for
smart athletic kids who have an interest in sports already and helps
develop their athletic ability over their adolescent years in hopes of
forming a national pool of athletes that can one day compete in
Philippine and international events.

2. Batang Pinoy

Batang Pinoy (Filipino Youth) was a national youth sports

competition for Filipino’s under 15 years of age. This competition
included all youth under 15 years of age who wished to participate. The
games were first held in the early 2000’s and ceased in 2016 after the
Tagum competitions. There was a total of 10 events before the events
discontinued in 2017. The first event was held in Manila, but the
program eventually held competitions across the Philippines, even on
some of the more remote islands. Even though the games are currently

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discontinued, there is a possibility that the program starts back up one

day.

3. POC-PSC National Games

The POC-PSC games are a national multi-sport tournament held in

the Philippines. The games are intended to determine the best athletes
for the national pool of athletes to compete in international
competitions. The national games are often used to scout athletes for
the international competitions. The first event was held in 1994 and
events continue to this today.

4. Laro’t Saya Se Parke

The Laro’t Saya Se Parke is a park-based sports program for all that
is part of the Philippine Sports Commission. The project began in 2013
and hopes to one day become a national campaign for Filipino family
sports and to draw families closer together by using sports and games.
At the park, they have games such as chess, checkers, badminton, and
volleyball that friends or families can play. They have games and
activities for all types of people, young and old. They also have
instructors who donate their time to teach sports such as Arnis,
Taekwondo, Dance, and more.

FITNESS COMPONENTS IN SPORTS

There are two major fitness components in sports and in any

form of physical activities. These are the Health-Related
Components and Skill-Related Components. Under Health-Related, it
consists four aspects or components (Muscular Endurance,
Cardiovascular Endurance, Strength, Flexibility and Body
Composition) while in Skill-Related, there are five components
(Speed, Power, Agility, Balance, Reaction Time and Coordination).
To deepen our knowledge about these components, let us discuss
them one by one.

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Source: https://origympersonaltrainercourses.co.uk/blog/components-of-
fitness

HEALTH-RELATED COMPONENTS
1. Muscular Endurance- is the ability to sustain submaximal activity
for extended periods of time and resist fatigue. When we say
submaximal muscular endurance, it talks about the ability of an
individual to sustain and maintain low-intensity muscular
contractions for a period of time.

2. Cardiovascular Endurance- its main priority and responsibility is

to take care of our heart, lungs, and blood vessels that is why it
is defined as the body’s ability to perform aerobic exercises for
an extended period of time to ensure the proper transportation of
oxygen and nutrients to issues within the body, as well as
removing metabolic waste.

3. Strength- it will test about how much force your muscle can exert
in one form of exercise.

4. Flexibility- this component is the ability of a joint to move freely

through its range of motion. In this component, it is more about
our body’s ability to move rather than how it looks and performs,
and is often trained by stretching.

5. Body Composition- it is the proportion of fat or the amount of

body fat mass that a person can store in comparison to fat-free
mass, which is made up of organs, muscles, and bone etc.

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Source: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Health-
Related-
Components-of-Fitness-Poster-for-PE-Class-9-color-variations-
4530894
SKILL-RELATED COMPONENTS
1. Power- it is the ability to exert muscular strength rapidly. It is the
rate of performing work. Moreover, when we say power, it is a
combination of speed and strength.

2. Speed- it refers to the ability to complete a certain physical

activity as fast as possible. In other words, it is the ability to
move quickly, which is an essential quality in many sports.

3. Agility- it is the ability to change direction rapidly without a

significant loss of speed, balance, or body control. This
component combines power, strength, balance, flexibility,
reaction time, coordination, anticipation, and muscular control.

4. Coordination- this refer to the capacity of an individual to

maintain and control over the body’s movements, especially
those that concern the limbs. Also, it is the ability to move
smoothly and efficiently. It is specific to each sport skill.

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5. Balance- it is the ability of a person to maintain equilibrium, it is

either static or dynamic.

5.1Static- means that the athlete is not moving, such as when

performing a handstand.

5.2Dynamic- means that the athlete maintains equilibrium

while
moving, such as in slalom ski events.
6. Reaction Time- it includes with coordination, and it is also the
amount of time that it takes you to react to an impulse or need to
move in another direction.


Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/7973154/

LEARNING
ACTIVITY
1. Search for an appropriate example of activity about the different
components under health and skill-related fitness, and try to do
it. For the evidence, capture yourself doing the said activity in
each component. Place your answer below.

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NOTE: USE THE ANSWER SHEET TEMPLATE/FORMAT

PROVIDED

LESSON 3

 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

 INTRODUCTION
We all know that Physical Education and Sports contains
a lot of benefits to everyone most especially when it comes to our
health status. It gives us the knowledge on the proper things that
we need to do in order for us to be physically fit and improve our
well-being. That is why it is very important that we must practice
and exercise as much as possible for us to maintain healthy and
well. However, despite of the benefits that we can gain, there are
still issues and challenges that we must addressed of. With these
particular issues and challenges, we will be able to learn and at the
same improve our knowledge when it comes to any physical
activities and sports.

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Source: http://www.thenorthlines.com/effects-of-covid-19-on-
physical-education-and-sports/

Major Issues and Challenges in Physical Education and

Sports

Below are the issues and challenges encountered in

teaching physical education and sports:

1. Primary Focus of Physical Education and Sports

- If we will take a look on the curriculum of Physical Education,
most of target learning competencies that a PE Teacher must
acquire as well as the students are very idealistic, meaning it
takes a lot of courage and innovation for us to attain the said
competencies. We all know that education today is very
advance and as the learner moving up on his or her grade
level, lessons are upgrading and updating. Hence, as PE

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Teacher, we must think of an alternative activity in order for

us at least reach the said competencies.

Sample image of PE Curriculum from

https://www.slideshare.net/geronimo28/physical-education-k-to-12-
curriculum-guide

2. Physical Activities Offered in School

- Physical Education is containing wide range of different
activities and sports. Thus, it is very important to cater all of
these as much as possible. However, one of the challenges
nowadays are the physical activities offered by a school is
very limited, therefore, only few can have the chance to
involve their self in the said activities. So, if there are
competitions inside and outside the school, most of the time
we can just send a few numbers of participants in a reason

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that we cannot cater all sports that are included in the said
competition or game.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_of_athletics

3. Academic Qualifications of an Athlete

- We cannot deny the fact that young people are very
enthusiast when it comes to any sports activities. Most of
them grab this opportunity for them to showcase their ability
and talent that they have in their chosen sport. However, we
cannot deny also that academics is the main priority of all and
the truth is, for them to enjoy and participate in the said sport
or in a team, they must consider their academic qualification.
That is why it is advisable to all athletes that they must
maintain their academic grades and performance even though
they are part of the team. This is one of main problems of the
athletes, because sometimes they forget to focus also on their
academic/classes. So, for them to be able to achieve this one,
it is important for them to know how to manage their time and
at the same time how will they cope up with the possible
hindrances that may occur once they are already engage in
any sports-related activities.
-

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Source: https://usatodayhss.com/2017/how-athletic-and-academic-
scholarships-work

4. Qualifications of a PE Teacher
- We all know that teachers are known as flexible and
innovative teacher. However, we should not ignore that
teachers have also limitations. When it comes to the PE
Teacher/s, it is very evident that he or she must have the
knowledge about the different physical activities and sports
that he or she can offer. It will be an advantage also if
experience is there and evident. But the reality says that
sometimes once you are a PE teacher, people will think that
you know everything, and there are possibilities that you will
be taking in charge in a particular sport or event which you
are not aware of. Therefore, for you to be able to do the said
duty or responsibility, you must attend a training-seminar
related to your said task. That is why it is very important also,
that the school admin must support and address this kind of
issue, because learning is continuous.

Source: https://www.ssww.com/blog/tips-strategies-for-first-
year-pe-teachers/

5. Racism and Equity

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Regardless of your race, you as an individual must share the

benefits of equality and just. Racism and racialized inequalities
significantly influence black and minority ethnic communities’
access, participation and experiences of sport. Black and
minority ethnic community experiences of racism differ within
and across ethnic groups. Intersections between gender, class,
age and disability also influence experiences and participation
in sport. In light of the existence of racism in sport, it is
unsurprising that many black and minority ethnic groups favor
physical activity and health programs that can be pursued
away from the mainstream. But in this generation, racism is
not a big problem anymore, because they give importance
already and people nowadays recognized the talents and
ability of these people and their big contribution in the field of
sports.

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Source: https://www.clubindustry.com/leadership-
management/addressing-racism-fitness-industry-requires-
understanding-its-roots

Teaching Values in Physical Education and Sports

Development of values, character, and ethical decision-

making skills has long been a touted as one of the primary purposes
of Physical Education and Sports. In a reason that, it is not only
about building good physique, improving or enhancing skills of an
athlete, but most importantly, evolving them to be a good citizen in
the society. Hence, here are the following values to be develop by
an athlete:

 Cooperation
 Self-Discipline
 Fair Play
 Emotional Control
 Teamwork or camaraderie
 Self-esteem and self-confidence
 Building confidence in their abilities
 Sense of self-worth
 Appreciation of the value of health and the contribution of
physical activity to well-being
 Responsible individual

Young Athletes’ Bill of Rights

One of the reasons why there is a youth sports program in

Physical Education and Sports is to promote the healthy physical,
psychological, and social development of the participant. Therefore,
it is needed for them to be aware of the following bill of rights that
they have as a young athlete.

 Opportunity to participate regardless of the ability

 Participation at a level that is commensurate with each
individual’s developmental level
 Qualified adult leadership
 Shared leadership and decision making
 Right to play in his or her chosen sports without
discrimination
 Acquire proper preparation and training
 Equal opportunity to strive for success

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 Proper treatment with integrity and dignity

 Have fun though sport

 LEARNING
ACTIVITY
1. As a future PE Teacher, how will you address the following
issues and challenges in Physical Education and Sports? What
are your ways and coping mechanisms once you encounter
these said issues and challenges?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

2. Despite of the issues and challenges that Physical Education

and Sports have, it is very important for us to have
commitment and dedication. Explain the image below. Give
your insights about the said quote.

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NOTE: USE THE ANSWER SHEET TEMPLATE/FORMAT

PROVIDED

LESSON 4

 FUTURE TRENDS

 INTRODUCTION

Source: https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/living-well-with-hiv/taking-
care- of-yourself/exercise-and-physical-activity

Time flies so fast, and as expected as time goes by, many

changes and trends are occurring. One thing for sure is that this is
just a normal set-up nowadays, because we can easily adopt and

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embrace these changes and trends and from time to time, we will
be able to practice it as part of our regular and daily living. Same
through in Physical Education and Sports, as time goes by, we can
see some changes and the good thing is that we will be able to
discover and explore something new again which we can add form
our previous and present ideas. Let us take a look on these future
trends in PE.

Future for Physical Education

Physical education should be individualized. One size does not

fit all. This is extremely challenging, but with creative tools like
Physical Best, Fitness for Life, and Fitness gram, physical educators
are becoming more like personal trainers than coaches. We should
focus on activity and nutrition leading to good health and wellness.
If we can’t do everything, we need to at least do this. Therefore,
while playing age appropriate games is important, our emphasis
needs to be on building lifelong skills and attitudes. Being active and
eating well is vital at any age, but it becomes a matter of life or
death as we get older. We can’t put fitness in the bank and use it
later; we have to keep active and eating well to maintain the
benefits. We also need to emphasize participation and stop the
trend toward becoming a nation of spectators, with a few highly
skilled athletes playing and everyone else watching. All students
should be provided opportunities to both cooperate and compete in
physical activities. Both are important life skills, and both can be
fun. Our students should graduate with an understanding of the key
principles of fitness and nutrition. They should be informed
consumers of activity, nutrition, and wellness and be ready to
assume self-responsibility for their own health through prevention.

Target Goals in Improving Youth Sports

 Make changes to accommodate children of all abilities and
interests
 Continue research in order to base programs on sound
principles
 Develop and implement sound training programs for coaches
 New and expanded career opportunities
 Integration of different knowledge for the betterment of an
athlete

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Source: https://www.uslacrosse.org/blog/youth-sports-can-lead-to-a-better-
job- later-in-life

Components of a High-Quality Programs in Physical Education and

Sports

Source: https://www.pgpedia.com/n/national-association-sport-and-
physical-education

The National Association for Sport and Physical Education

(NASPE) proposed the different components in attaining a high-
quality program in Physical Education and Sports. Here are the
following:

Opportunity to Learn Meaningful Content

 Instructional periods of  Instruction in a variety of

150 minutes a week for motor skills to enhance
elementary students and the physical, mental, and
225 minutes a week for social/emotional
middle and secondary development of each
school students. child.

 Qualified physical  Fitness education and

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education specialist assessment.

providing a
developmentally  Inclusion of cognitive
appropriate program. concepts.

 Adequate equipment and  Opportunities to improve

facilities. social skills and gain a
multicultural
perspective.

 Promotion of regular
amounts of appropriate
physical activity
throughout life.

Appropriate Instruction

 Full inclusion of all children.

 Maximum practice opportunities.
 Well-designed lessons that facilitate student learning.
 Out-of-school assignments that support learning and practice.
 No physical activity for punishment.
 Uses regular assessment to monitor and reinforce student
learning.

Advocacy in Addressing Future Trends in Physical

Education

Physical education and sport professionals must take an active role

1 in promoting their programs..

Must capitalize on societal interest in sport, physical fitness, and

2 health .

3 Important to market programs to gain support and to involve more

people.

Responsibility to address the tremendous disparities that still exist

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in physical activity and disease conditions according to race,
4 ethnicity, age, sex, education, sexual orientation, ability/disability,
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Philosophical and Socio-Anthropological
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Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

 Wellness Movement
 Individual responsibility for health.
 Integration of several components, including nutrition, physical
activity, stress management, and elimination of risk factors.
 Increased interest by the corporate and health care sectors in
wellness.
 Physical Activity and Fitness Movement.
 Increased evidence supporting the contribution of physical
activity to health.
 Must reach children, youths, and adults leading sedentary lives
and involve them in our programs.
 Leadership in physical activity and fitness.
 Further expansion of programs to non-school settings.

Preparing for the Future: Enhancing Quality and Effectiveness

 Establish standards of competency.

 Develop programs and services that are flexible to meet
changing needs.
 Develop meaningful programs to meet today’s and tomorrow’s
needs.

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 Reduce ineffective programs.

 Establish minimum standards for entry into professional
preparation programs.
 Provide opportunities for high quality professional development.
 System of re-licensure for professionals.
 Establish professional accreditation agencies.
 Develop high quality programs and facilities to serve as models.

Generally, the future challenges will mainly be the appropriate

curriculum to be made and followed and to make available adequate
funds from various organizations in order to support the needy but
intelligent children so that they can only focus on their game
without worrying about the funds. The technology will also play an
important role in expanding and creating the interest in physical
activities. The importance of physical education and sports activities
are being identified in today’s world and efforts are being made to
improve the situations so that more and more talent can be
recognized.

 LEARNING
ACTIVITY
1. Based on your own observation, how Physical Education have
changed in recent years?
2. Explain the six advocacies concerning the future trends in Physical
Education and Sports.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

NOTE: USE THE ANSWER SHEET TEMPLATE/FORMAT

PROVIDED

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Philosophical and Socio-Anthropological
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 MODULE
SUMMARY
Congratulations!!!

You are now done in module 4, wherein you have finished the
four lessons, Youth and Community Sports, Community-Based
Physical Education and Sports-Related Program, Issues and
Challenges in Physical Education and Sports and last but not the
least the future trends in Physical Education.

In lesson 1, it was discussed to you how youth and

community sports provide many opportunities and avenues for
physically active routine. Also, teach them to engage and interact
with their fellow youth around their community.

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Philosophical and Socio-Anthropological
Foundations of Physical Education and Sports

In lesson 2, it showed the benefits of conducting physical

activities and sports in the community. Also, the different Sports-
related Program that our country’s have and their function and the
fitness components of Physical Education.

In lesson 3, it was elaborated the issues and challenges that

possibly occur in Physical Education and Sports despite of its
benefits and how will be able to address these particular issues and
challenges. Not only that, it was discussed also the values that an
athlete must develop and the rights of every young athlete.

Lastly, in lesson 4, wherein it was discussed to you the future

trends in Physical Education, its components in achieving high-
quality programs, the advocacies, health-related preventions and
how we prepare in the future.

Now, before you finally end this last module in this semester,
let us test your learning first by answering the summative test.

Keep up the good work!

 SUMMATIVE TEST

1. Generalize the four lessons in this module. Give at least 5 key

points in each lesson. Write your answers in a bullet form.

Le
ss
on
1
Le
ss
on
2
Le
ss
on
3 35
Le
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Philosophical and Socio-Anthropological
Foundations of Physical Education and Sports

2. In this new normal set-up, how will you be able to teach

physical education to your future students? State your
strategic plan and techniques addressing this issue in this
pandemic.

3. Create a Venn Diagram about Physical Education and

Sports before and in present.

References:

Books:

Clow, (2014). Physical Activity and Mental Health. Illinois. Human

Kinetics

Dich, Frank W. (2015). Sports Training Principles: An Introduction to

Sports Science.

Epstein, Deward. (2014). The Sports Game: Inside the Science of

Extraordinary Athletic Performance.

McClusky, Mark. (2014). Faster, Higher, Stronger: How Sports Science

is Creating a New generation of Super Athletes and What we Can Learn
From them.

Miller, (2014). Measurement by the Physical Educator. CA. McGraw Hill

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Philosophical and Socio-Anthropological
Foundations of Physical Education and Sports

Miller, Thomas W. (2015). Sports Analytic and Data Science: Winning

the Game with Method and Models.

Morrow, James R. (2015). Measurement and Evaluation in Human

Performance. Human Kinetics.

Simon, Rea. (2015). Sports Science: A Complete Introduction: Teach

Yourself

Wuest, D. (2006). Foundations of Physical Education, Exercise science

and Sport 5th edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Online Resources:

American Sport education Program. (2009). Coaching Tennis Technical

and Tactical Skill. Illinois. Human Kinetics.

Arnheim. (2000). Principles of Athletic Training. New York. Wiley

Bulger. Sean M. (2007). Sport education Seasons Featuring Basketball,

Soccer and Fitness Education. Illinois. Human Kinetics.

Bulger. Sean M. (2008). Sport education Seasons Featuring Basketball,

Soccer and Fitness Education. Illinois. Human Kinetics.

Creager, Joan G. (1992). Human Anatomy and Physiology. WmC. Brown

Publishers.

Gill. (2008). Psychological Dynamics of Sport and Exercises.

Le Boeuf, Maureen K. & Butler, Lawrence F. (2008) Fit and Active (The
West Point Physical Development Program)

London, Janice. (2013). Clinical Mechanics & Kinesiology. Human

Kinetics

National Alliance for Sport Youth. (2009). Coaching Volleyball for

Dummies. New York. Wiley

Pedersen, P. et al (2011). Contemporary Sport Management 4th Edition.

Printed in China.

Reiman, Micahel P. et al (2009). Functional Testing in Human

Performance. Illinois: Human Kinetics

Risks, Judith. (2013). Teaching Physical Education for Learning.

Tale, Philip. (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Human

Kinetics

Watkins, James. (2010). Structure & Function of the Musculoskeletal

System 2nd edition. Human Kinetics

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Philosophical and Socio-Anthropological
Foundations of Physical Education and Sports

Williams. (2010). Nutrition for Health Fitness 9th Edition. Iowa. McGraw
Hill

Wuest. (2006). Foundations of Physical Education, Exercise, Science

and Sport

Sports Nutrition

Sports Medicine

Sports Nutrition – Fats and Proteins (Malestorm)

Sports Nutrition Olympic Handbook of Sports Medicine

38