Introduction to Computer

Technology

Chapter 3
Engr. Naveed Jan
Assistant Professor Electronic Technology

Chapter 3A

Using the Keyboard And

Mouse

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Engr. Naveed Jan Page 1 of 17

 The Keyboard
• The most common input device
– Must be proficient with keyboard
– Skill is called keyboarding
– Key boards comes in many layouts
– The most common layout is the IBM
Enhanced Keyboard

3A-3

The Keyboard
• Alphanumeric Keys
• The Modifier Keys
– Shift, Alt and CTRL (modify input of other keys)
• The Numeric Keypad
• The Function Keys
• The Cursor-Movement Keys
• The Special Purpose Keys

3A-4

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 The Keyboard

3A-5

The Keyboard

Cursor Movement Keys

Special Purpose Keys

3A-6

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 The Keyboard
• How keyboard works
– Key is pressed
– Keyboard controller (a tiny chip) detects the
key press
– Keyboard Controller places the code for the
key pressed into the keyboard buffer
– The keyboard controller notifies the
operating system (OS)
– OS sends the code to the CPU
– Controller repeats the letter if held
3A-7

The Keyboard
• How computer accept input from keyboard

3A-8

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 The Mouse
• All modern computers have a variant
• Allows users to select objects
– Pointer moved by the mouse
• Mechanical mouse
– Rubber ball determines direction and speed
– The ball often requires cleaning

3A-9

The Mouse
• Optical mouse
– Light shown onto mouse pad
– Reflection determines speed and direction
– Requires little maintenance

3A-10

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 The Mouse
• Interacting with a mouse
– Actions involve pointing to an object
– Clicking selects the object
– Clicking and holding drags the object
– Releasing an object is a drop
– Right clicking activates the shortcut menu
– Modern mice include a scroll wheel

3A-11

The Mouse
• Benefits
– Pointer positioning is fast
– Menu interaction is easy
– Users can draw electronically

3A-12

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 The Mouse
• Mouse button configuration
– Configured for a right-handed user
• Can be reconfigured
– Between 1 and 6 buttons
– Extra buttons are configurable

3A-13

Variants of the Mouse

• Trackballs
– Upside down mouse
– Hand rests on the ball
– User moves the ball
– Uses little desk space

3A-14

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 Variants of the Mouse
• Track pads
– Stationary pointing
device
– Small plastic
rectangle
– Finger moves across
the pad
– Pointer moves with
the pointer
– Popular on laptops

3A-15

Variants of the Mouse

• Track point
– Little joystick on the keyboard
– Move pointer by moving the joystick

3A-16

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 Ergonomics and Input Devices
Ergonomics is the process of designing
or arranging workplaces, products and
systems so that they fit the people who
use them

• Ergonomics
– Study of human and tool interaction
– Concerned with physical interaction
– Attempts to improve safety and comfort

3A-17

Ergonomics and Input Devices

• Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
– Caused by continuous misuse of the body
– Many professions suffer from RSI
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
– Carpal tunnel is a passage in the wrist
– Holds nerves and tendons
– Prolonged keyboarding swells tendons

Hairstylists often suffer from carpal tunnel. Bicyclists can suffer from
overuse injuries of the knee.
3A-18

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 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

3A-19

Ergonomics and Input Devices

• Office hardware suggestions
– Office chairs should have
• Adjustable armrests and height
• Armrests
• Lower back support
– Desks should have
• Have a keyboard tray
• Keep hands at keyboard height
• Place the monitor at eye level

3A-20

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 Ergonomics and Input Devices
• Techniques to avoid RSI
– Sit up straight
– Have a padded wrist support
– Keep your arms straight
– Keyboard properly
– Take frequent breaks

3A-21

Chapter 3A

End of Chapter

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Engr. Naveed Jan Page 11 of 17

 Chapter 3B

Inputting Data In Other

Ways

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Devices for the Hand

• Pen based input
– Tablet PCs, PDA
– Pen used to
write data
– Pen used as
a pointer
– Handwriting
recognition
– On screen keyboard

3B-2

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 Devices for the hand
• Touch screens
– Sensors determine
where finger points
– Sensors create an
X,Y coordinate
– Usually presents a
menu to users
– Found in cramped or
dirty environments

3B-3

Devices for the hand

• Game controllers
– Enhances gaming experience
– Provide custom input to the game
– Modern controllers offer feedback
– Joystick
– Game pad

3B-4

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 Optical Input Devices
• Allows the computer to see input
• Bar code readers
– Converts bar codes to numbers
• UPC code
– Computer find number in a database
– Works by reflecting light
• Amount of reflected light indicates number

3B-5

Optical Input Devices

• Image scanners
– Converts printed media into electronic
– Reflects light off of the image
– Sensors read the intensity
– Filters determine color depths

3B-6

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 Optical input devices
• Optical character recognition (OCR)
– Converts scanned text into editable text
– Each letter is scanned
– Letters are compared to known letters
– Best match is entered into document
– Rarely 100% accurate

3B-7

Audiovisual Input Devices

• Microphones
– Used to record speech
– Speech recognition
• “Understands” human speech
• Allows dictation or control of computer
• Matches spoken sound to known phonemes
• Enters best match into document

3B-8

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 Audiovisual Input Devices
• Musical Instrument Digital Interface
– MIDI
– Connects musical instruments to computer
– Digital recording or playback of music
– Musicians can produce professional results

3B-9

Audiovisual Input Devices

• Video Input
– Full motion video images can
be captured by PC video
camera ( normally webcam)
for variety of purposes e.g.
video conferencing, recording
videos, presentations etc
– Using the video capture card
the user can also connect
VCR and camcorder to the pc

3B-10

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 Audiovisual Input Devices
• Digital cameras
– Captures images electronically
– No film is needed
– Image is stored as a JPG file
– Memory cards store the images
– Used in a variety of professions

3B-11

Chapter 3B

End of Chapter

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Engr. Naveed Jan Page 17 of 17