Class IX Case Study Physics

1. Archimedes' principle, stated as follows: When a body is immersed fully or partially in

a fluid, it experiences an upward force that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it.
The upward force is known as upthrust or buoyant force. In fact, all objects experience a force
of buoyancy when they are immersed in a fluid. The magnitude of this buoyant force depends
on the density of the fluid. Objects having density less than that of the liquid in which they are
immersed float of the surface of the liquid. If the density of the object is more than the density
of the liquid in which it is immersed, then it sinks in the liquid. Hence, body will float or sink
depends upon difference between density of body and fluid.

(a) Give answer of following questions:

(i) What happens, if the weight of the object is more than the weight of the water displaced by
the object?
(ii) Who invented Archimede's principle?
(b) What are the application of Archimede's principle?
(c) A block of wood floats in which with one third of its volume submerged. In oil, the block
floats with two thirds of its volume submerged.
Find the density of
(i) wood
(ii) oil, if the density of water is 10³ kg/m³
Or
(c) Which is heavier cotton or iron and why?
2. In a physics experiment, three objects A, B and C are placed on a frictionless surface. A force
of 10 N is applied to object A, which then moves and collides with object B. This collision
caused object B to move and collide with object C. The masses of objects A, B and C are 2 kg,
3 kg and 5 kg, respectively. Assume all collisions are perfectly elastic.

(a) State what happens when

(i) force is applied to object A?
(ii) object A collides with object B?

(b) Find the acceleration of object A when the force is applied

(c) Calculate
(i) The velocity of object B just after the collision with object A.
(ii) The velocity of object C just after the collision with object B.
Or
(c) What is the velocity of object A just before it collides with object B, if a force of 10 N is
applied to it for 2 s?
3. The graph below shows the positions of a body at different time intervals, while travelling
from his home to school in the morning. Based on the given graph, answer the following
questions.

(a) Calculate the speed of the body as it moves from

(i) A to B
(ii) B to C
(b) Find the time interval during which speed is maximum.
(c) Calculate
(i) The total distance covered.
(ii) The distance covered between B and C.
Or
(c) Is the motion of the boy during time interval from A to D is uniform?
4. Study the speed-time graph of a body given here and answer the following questions.

(a) State the type of motion that is represented in above diagram.

(i) What is the type of motion represented by OA?
(ii) What is the type of motion represented by BC?
(b) Find out the acceleration of the body?
(c) (i) Calculate the retardation of the body?
(ii) What type of motion is represented by AB in above figure?
Or
(c) Find out the distance travelled by the body from A to B.
5. A student conducted an experiment using two containers, similar to Raghav's experiment.
She placed a mini speaker inside each container and tightly covered the top with a thin rubber
sheet. On one container, she placed rubber beads on the surface of the sheet. After turning on
the speakers, she observed that the rubber beads on the first container were jumping, while no
change was observed on the second container where the speaker remained off.

(a) Give reason

(i) Why do the rubber beads jump when the speaker is turned on?
(ii) Why there is no change in the rubber beads when the speaker is turned off?
(b) If the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s and the frequency of the sound from the speaker is
170 Hz, calculate the wavelength of the sound waves produced.
(c) In another experiment, the student used a different speaker that produced sound at a higher
frequency. How would this affect the behaviour of the rubber beads?
Or
(c) What does the movement of rubber beads suggest about the nature of sound waves?
6. The distance travelled by a moving body is the actual length of the path covered by it,
irrespective of the direction in which the body travels. It is a scalar quantity. Its SI unit is metre.

e.g. Consider the motion of an object moving along a straight path. Speed of an object is defined
as the distance travelled by it per unit time.
Speed of an object (v) = Distance (s)/Time (t)

Speed is a scalar quantity. The SI unit of speed is metre per second (m/s). The distance travelled
by an object is either positive or zero, so the speed may be positive or zero but never negative.
Distance travelled by a train and time taken by it is shown in the following table.

(a) Answer the following questions.

(i) Draw the graph which show distance-time relationship.
(ii) At what time, the train is travelling at its highest speed?
(b) At what distance does the train slows down?
(c) Calculate
(i) What is the average speed of the train?
(ii) Find the speed of train between 10:40 am to 11:00 am
Or
(c) Calculate the speed of the train between 10:30 am to 10:40 am.
7. While catching a fast moving cricket ball, a fielder in the ground gradually pulls his hands
backwards with the moving ball. In doing so, the fielder increases the time during which the
high velocity of the moving ball decreases to zero.

Thus, the acceleration of the ball is decreased and therefore the impact of a catching the fast
moving ball (see figure) is also reduced. If the ball is stopped suddenly, then its high velocity
decreases to zero in a very short interval of time.

Thus, the rate of change of momentum of the ball will be large. Therefore, a large force would
have to be applied for holding the catch that may hurt the plam of the fielder.

(a) Given reason

(i) Why a fast moving cricket ball can cause more injuries to a cricketer than a moving tennis
ball?
(ii) Why does a fielder pull his hands backwards while catching a fast moving cricket ball?
(b) Explain, why pulling the hands back reduces the impact when catching a cricket ball?
(c) State what happen when the mass of a body and the force acting on it are both doubled, what
happens to the acceleration?
Or
(c) What are the benefits of pulling hands back while catching in terms of momentum and
force?
8. If an object moves in a circular path with uniform speed, then its motion is called uniform
circular motion.

When an object moves along a circular path, its direction of motion keeps changing
continuously. The velocity changes due to continuous change in direction and thus motion
along a circular path is said to be acceleration.

When a body takes one round of a circular path, then it travels a distance equal to its
circumference which is 2 πr, where r is the radius of the circular path.

Then, speed of the body moving in a circular path, v = 2π/t where t is the time taken for one
round of circular path and π is constant having value 22/7

An insect moves along a circular path of radius 10 cm with a constant speed. It takes 1 min to
move from a point on the path to the diametrically opposite point.

(a) Answer the following questions :

(i) What is the circumference of the circular path?
(ii) What is the total time taken by the insect to complete one full round of the circular path?
(b) What is the speed of the insect in centimetre per minute?
(c) Calculate
(i) Find the average velocity of insect in moving from A to B?
(ii) Find the displacement covered in reaching B from A is?
Or (c) If the insect continues to move for 3 min, how many rounds of the circular path will it
complete?
9. Consider the earth to be made up of concentric shells and a point mass m situated at a distance
r from the centre. The point P lies outside the sphere of radius rand point Plies inside, if the
shell's radius is greater than r. The smaller sphere exerts a force on a mass m at P, as if its mass
m, is concentrate at the centre.

where,
g = acceleration due to gravity, g{h} = acceleration due to gravity at height h the surface of
earth,
g{h} = acceleration due to gravity at depth d,
M = mass of earth = 6 x 10²⁴ kg and R = radius of earth = 6.4 x 10⁶ m

(a) From the given table, what conclusion can you derive?
(b) What is the value of acceleration due to gravity at point O (in given figure)?
(c) State what happens when
(i) As we increase the value of h in formula II given in table, what will be the effect on
acceleration due to gravity on Earth?
(ii) If a person starts digging and reaches at a depth R/2 from the surface, then find the value of
acceleration due to gravity at a depth R/2
Or
(c) A satellite is orbiting the Earth at an altitude of 800 km above the Earth's surface. Calculate
the acceleration due to gravity at this altitude.
10. A ball is thrown vertically upwards.

When it rises, the gravitational force does negative work on it, decreasing its kinetic energy.
As the ball descends, the gravitational force does positive work on it, increasing its kinetic
energy. The ball falls back to the point of projection with same velocity and kinetic energy with
which it was thrown up. The net work done by the gravitational force on the ball during the
round trip is zero because work done by the gravity on displacing a body from one point to
another point depends only on the end positions of the body.

(a) Answer the following questions.

(i) Why do we say work done against gravity is negative?
(ii) A man is holding a suitcase at his hand at rest. What is work done by him?
(b) What will be the net work done by the conservative force during the round trip of a body?
(c) (i) When the ball moves vertically upwards, then work done by gravitational force is
negative. Why?
(ii) Name the energy of the ball which remains same during round trip of the ball.
Or
(c) A ball is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. Calculate the
maximum height reached by the ball. (Assume the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s²).