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Application of Fuzzy Logic in Artificial Intelligence

Article in International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · April 2023
DOI: 10.22214/ijraset.2023.50672

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 11 IV April 2023

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50672
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

Application of Fuzzy Logic in Artificial Intelligence

Fayaz Rasool Ganaie
Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, Glocal University Saharanpur UP India 247121

Abstract: In 1965, Lotfi Zadeh created fuzzy logic as a development of Boolean logic in light of the numerical hypothesis of fuzzy
sets, which is a speculation of conventional set hypothesis. Fuzzy logic offers a great deal of adaptability for exploiting
reasoning, adding an idea of degree when checking states and allowing states to be other than obvious or misleading. , taking
into account possible errors and weaknesses. We begin by giving a brief overview of fuzzy logic before talking about its
application to artificial and computational intelligence. Then, with a focus on fuzzy expert systems, we discuss cutting-edge
applications of fuzzy logic, with one representative example being thoroughly examined. The article's conclusion makes
recommendations for how fuzzy logic and artificial intelligence might complement one another. We focus our endeavors on few
plainly characterized sub-spaces of artificial intelligence, staying away from scattering, and keeping a good arrangement
between essential examination and applications.
Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Artificial intelligence, Application, Fuzzy System.

I. INTRODUCTION
The period of the intelligent machine, which began in 1948 with a paper by Alan Turing, generated many problems that are still
open to debate today. The creation of the PC, a gadget that permitted individuals to computerize their points of view, essentially
affected this time span. However, human thinking isn't exact. You would have a ton of trouble leaving your vehicle completely in
one spot. The speculations of fuzzy puts and fuzzy logic were grown together to empower PCs to imitate human perspectives
precisely. Because they mimic the fundamental limitations of the human brain to extract information and focus on data that can be
applied to decision-making, they provide a formal system for representing vulnerabilities essential to real-world system
administration that should be viewed as a numerical hypothesis. As indicated by defenders of purported "solid" artificial
intelligence, these PCs will sometime match our ongoing degree of intelligence. Decidedly, assuming that an issue is sufficiently
interesting, innovation will ultimately complete each issue that is feasible by artificial techniques. Obviously, a few scholarly cycles,
similar to "mindfulness," have been shown to be rising elements. Von Bertalanffy recently saw the chance of rising features of
stunning frameworks during the 1920s while investigating complex organic frameworks. He saw that diverse plans of substances
coordinated in unambiguous ways can show uncommon qualities not shared by the components alone. Assuming the entire is
partitioned into parts or the parts are organized in an unexpected way, new characteristics are lost. Additionally, the investigation of
individual parts is deficient to grasp emanant highlights. At the point when enough mass has gathered, a new element will
unexpectedly show up, like the possibility of a minimum amount in material science. As opposed to reductionistic approaches, these
methodologies for the most part surmise an all-encompassing perspective on the universe, for example something complex can be
more than just the conglomeration or 'amount of its parts'. The moral ramifications should be painstakingly investigated, similarly as
they were with the nuclear bomb, which was it could be said the primary artificial utilization of the previously mentioned actual
impact. Each innovation can possibly be abused, whether for good or terrible. Since innovation has just at any point filled in as a
device for people so far, the people use it who decide if it is helpful or evil. This may no longer be true in the case of intelligence
since more sophisticated forms of intelligence may require new ethical standards, but these standards have not yet been attained by
the new forms of intelligence in question.
II. FUZZY LOGIC
Fuzzy logic is a logical framework for thinking in uncertain situations that generalizes the traditional two value logic. It is a PC and
guess thinking framework that is based on various thoughts and innovations that utilization fuzzy sets, which are classes of articles
without clear lines whose not set in stone by degree. The fuzzy set hypothesis, which is an extension of the traditional set
hypothesis, is connected to the numerical groundwork of fuzzy logic.
Lotfi A. Zadeh of the College of California at Berkeley posed the underlying viewpoint for fuzzy logic in 1965. At the point when
Zadeh understood that customary PC logic couldn't be utilized to control information that reflected erratic or indistinct ideas, he
created fuzzy logic, which empowers PCs to recognize information utilizing a scope of grayscales, similar as individuals' thought
process.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2350
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

He first proposed the idea of linguistic variables in 1973. So, by simulating the manner that this type of information is handled,
electromechanical controller performance should be improved. The hypothesis took some time to develop at initially, but by the
early 1970s, a small international group of scientists had become interested in it. There were a few Westerners, chiefly
mathematicians, and a few Japanese engineers among them.
In 1975, process control for cement kilns constructed in Denmark was one of the first industrial applications of fuzzy theory. Yet, as
the technology gained greater traction, fuzzy logic was applied to more practical situations.

III. APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY LOGIC

Applications of fuzzy control include self-regulating systems for cameras, washing machines, automatic transmissions, subway
controls, or in any case write-verify. These applications are usually very simple but very effective fuzzy rule-based systems.
Applications of fuzzy innovation generally fall into two groups. These applications utilize fuzzy logic as a strong data portrayal
strategy that conceals unimportant viewpoints and permits creative handling of sketchy data. The use of sensors and effectors is also
essential to their effectiveness, but the interaction of many of these parts actually contributes to their success. The second category
consists of much more advanced technologies, designed to work in addition to or in place of human experts. These applications
include systems for clinical analysis, inventory and stock determination, traffic lights, fuzzy master systems, and fuzzy reservation
systems. It is also important to deepen our understanding of how to monitor information systems with ambiguous and inaccurate
information, and many issues remain to be resolved at this second meeting.
Fuzzy logic is employed in a variety of industries, including those that govern the environment, residential appliances, and
automobile systems. Many of the widespread uses include:
1) Used in aviation to control the altitude of shuttles and satellites.
2) It controls the speed and traffic of the car system.
3) It is used for dynamic and truly stable organizations and for evaluating individuals in large hierarchical organizations.
4) We likewise oversee pH, drying and manufactured refining processes in our Substances business.
5) Fuzzy logic is utilized to handle standard dialects and different applications raised with man-made brainpower.
6) Frequently utilized in current control frameworks like expert frameworks.
7) Fuzzy logic imitates the manner in which individuals just decide, yet is a lot quicker. Consequently, it tends to be utilized in
cerebrum association.
These were a portion of the typical utilizations of fuzzy logic. Presently we should take a gander at the benefits and obstructions of
integrating fuzzy logic into man-made brainpower.

IV. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

To focus on the plan prerequisites by considering the level of their interconnectedness with the client needs, Buyukozkan et al.,
[2004] have depicted a nonexclusive type of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and all the more explicitly of the analytic network
process (ANP). This technique utilizes three-sided fuzzy numbers to build the responsiveness to client needs and plan particulars.
Dr. Yoji Akao, a prime supporter of QFD, delivered a book in 2004 that subtleties QFD utilizing contextual analyses from huge
Japanese organizations and ventures, covering all that from made and gathered products to development, substance processes,
administrations, and software. The House of Quality (HOQ), a grid that gives a calculated guide to the plan process, fills in as the
establishment for the QFD approaches.
Yeo et al[2004] .'s analysis of decision-making approaches for conceptual design desirability score. DSMs, or design structure
matrices, are also employed as representation and analysis tools to control the design process from a variety of angles.
By proposing a fuzzy-logical derivation instrument that empowers joint effort among creators on the subjective detail of the
interrelations among the plan issue's elements or errands, Saridakis et al. [2005] have tended to the DSM as a correspondence
configuration device among various planners. To help consumer loyalty, quality function deployment (QFD) has likewise been used
to change client needs into specialized plan prerequisites.
A fuzzy model-based strategy for generally assessing the carbon dioxide level of a wood ignition process was introduced by
Ruusunen and Leivisk in 2004. The model results are used to appraise the estimated oxygen content as well as continuous burning
quality estimations and lower caloric upsides of the wood fuel.
Osofisan and Obafaiye [2007] have talked about contextual analysis research done on the Fluidized Reactant Breaking Unit (FCCU)
of the Kaduna Processing plant and Petrochemical Organization in Northern Nigeria utilizing the utilization of fuzzy logic control.
This study has proven and confirmed the benefit of fuzzy logic's very simple control system design and implementation.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2351
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

In order to deal with ambiguous and insufficient data, Gurcanli and Mungen [2009] presented a system for assessing the dangers
that construction site employees are exposed to. This method combines historical accident data, expert opinions that are vulnerable
to bias, and the present degree of safety at a construction site. Of the 40,000 unclassified work-related injuries across all industries,
5,239 work-related injuries were identified during the construction of this study. The procedure is then practiced at a tunnel
construction site to calculate risk levels for all types of accidents.
In noisy regression situations, Juang et al. [2010] described a type 2 fuzzy neural network using support vector regression. Several
architectures can be used to build fuzzy neural systems. To improve the performance of your system, you need to solve three
problems: Determine the ideal set of rules, identify a suitable membership function, and fine-tune both.
Iranmanesh and Madadi (2008) used artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, specifically the Prolong programming language, to
extract the project WBS from the mind map of the brainstorming project team. Expert system technology has been used by Biggs et
al. [2008] to provide feedback on development to people from various ethnic minority groups.
The focal point of Lee et al[2001] .'s work is on proposing object models with relations expressed as fuzzy sets. Based on a
summed-up object model that integrates the perspectives on semantic information displaying, artificial intelligence, and data set
systems, Cross [2001] has investigated three sorts of connections intrinsic to protest models: (a) an occurrence of, (b) a-sort of, and
(c) a class. Specialists have been utilizing fuzzy logic as a portrayal system in plan difficulties with innate vagueness during
dynamic throughout the course of recent many years.

V. SOME ELEMENTS OF FUZZY LOGIC

We momentarily depict the expansion of customary Boolean logic to fuzzy logic in this segment (or, proportionally, how fuzzy set
hypothesis sums up Cantorian set hypothesis). A fuzzy subset of a (fresh) universe of talk X is characterized by its membership
function.
∶ → [0,1],
For x ∈ X, the number µ (x) is decoded proportionally as the degree of x's entry into the fuzzy set or as the real value of the
statement ``x is part of A'' [6]
Fuzzy set registrability is a label hypothesis for the brand name feature of the (older) subset of X.
1 ∶ → {0,1},

giving the worth 1 when a component in X has a place with in and the worth 0 when it doesn't. Three-sided standards and
conorms are expected to sum up set-hypothetical tasks like convergence and association (or the connected Boolean logical activities
combination and disjunction, separately): Function : [0, 1] → [0, 1] is two-part commutative, associative and monotone satisfying
the boundary conditions.
( , 1) =

On the off chance that T is a t-norm, in that arises the duel triangular conorm (t-conorm) : [0, 1] → [0, 1] is characterized by
( , ) = 1 − (1 − , 1 − )

There are many, quite numerous t-standards and t-conorms, a considerable lot of which are not utilized in applications. The
principal t-norms with dual t-conorms are [6]
,
( , ) = min( , ), ( , ) = max( , ),
,
( , )= ⋅ , ( , )= + − . ,
− ,
( , )= ( + − 1,0) , ( , ) = min( + , 1).
− , −
min( , ) max( , ) = 1,
( , )=
0 ℎ
) min( , ) = 0,
( , ) = max( ,
1 ℎ

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2352
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

Given a t-norm T, its double t-conorm S, and fuzzy subsets A, B of the universe X, the membership of the intersection (A ∩ B), the
union (A ∪ B), and complement ′ are respectively given by as.
∩ ( ) = ( ), ( )
∪ ( )= ( ), ( )
( ) = 1− ( )
Given a t-accepted T, its double t-conorm S, and suggested values P, Q, and real values ‖ ‖ and ‖ ‖, there are two main extensions
of the Boolean branch P ⇒ Q.
S-implication
‖ ⟹ ‖ = (1 − ‖ ‖, ‖ ‖),
R-implication
‖ ⇒ ‖= { [0,1] ⎸ ( , ‖ ‖) ≤ ‖ ‖},
S-and R-suggestion are dependably comparable in Boolean logic, that is to say, with truth values 0 and 1, yet this is presently false
in fuzzy logic in light of the fact that the relating S-suggestion for the t-norm is currently the Kleene-Dienes implication and the
relating R- implication is the Godel implication, which are altogether different. On account of the Lukasiewicz t-norm the
implication − − both coincide and the result of these is Lukasiewicz implication.
There are numerous ways to extend Boolean operations to fuzzy logic that may seem unsettling. Nonetheless, it illustrates the depth
of fuzzy logic because it enables extremely sensitive fine tuning when simulating actual events.

VI. FUZZY LOGIC IN AI: EXAMPLE

A fuzzy logic system is set up, starting with a set of registration functions for each data slice and a set of functions for each
result. The join capability then keeps a bunch of guidelines to give the right result benefit. To all the more likely comprehend Fuzzy
Logic, you ought to allude to the Cycle Control Guide.[21]

1) Step 1
The contribution in this case is temperature and the result is fan speed. For each piece of information, a set of membership grades
should be encouraged. Simply put, a membership grades is a visual representation of an arrangement of fuzzy factors. We'll utilize
the fuzzy sets Chilly, Warm, and Hot for this model. Then, we'll foster an enrollment function for every one of the three temperature
sets.:

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

2) Step 2
Three fuzzy sets — Slow, Medium, and Quick — will be utilized for the result in the accompanying stage. For each result set, a
bunch of functions is delivered in a similar way with respect to the info sets..

3) Step 3
Having characterized the membership grades, we can establish the principles that characterize how the membership grades is
applied to the final frame. Create her three policies for this system.
 If Hot then Fast
 If Warm then Medium
 And, if Cold then Slow

The membership grades must abide by these requirements in order to generate the precise output value needed to power the system.
Considering this, we converge the membership grades with an info worth of 52 degrees. As the convergence of the two grades
occurs for this situation, we are applying two principles. To make a converging point, you can stretch out the convergence focuses
to the result grades. The result functions(grades) can then be shortened at the level of the crossing focuses.
This description of the operation of fuzzy logic systems was incredibly straightforward. A truly working system would have a lot of
inputs and may have a lot of outputs. A rather complex collection of functions and a lot more rules would arise from this.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

VII. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FUZZY LOGIC IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

The benefits of using Fuzzy Logic systems are as follows:
1) It is a strong framework where no exact information sources are required.
2) These systems can oblige a few sorts of information sources including obscure, misshaped or loose information.
3) In the event that the criticism sensor quits working, we can reconstruct it as per the circumstance.
4) Fuzzy logic estimations can be encoded with less data, so they do not consume gigantic extra room.
5) As it looks like human thinking, these systems can tackle complex issues where questionable data sources are accessible and
take choices as needs be.
6) These systems are adaptable and the guidelines can be adjusted.
7) The systems have a straightforward design and can be built without any problem.
8) Discreet sensors can be used through these systems, saving construction costs.
9) It is effectively reasonable.
10) It effectively takes care of mind-boggling issues by upgrading its capacity to achieve human-like navigation and thinking
errands.
11) It manages vulnerabilities in designing.
12) Fuzzy logic is customizable, so you can easily customize FLS by simply adding or removing rules.

The drawbacks of Fuzzy Logic systems are:

a) The precision of these systems is compromised as the framework generally deals with mistaken information and data sources.
b) There is no single orderly way to deal with tackle an issue utilizing Fuzzy Logic. Thus, numerous arrangements emerge for a
specific issue, prompting disarray.
c) Because of error in results, they are not broadly acknowledged all of the time.
d) The main drawback of fuzzy logic control systems is their complete reliance on human information and control.
e) You need to consistently refresh the standards of a Fuzzy Logic control framework.
f) These systems can't perceive AI or brain networks.
g) Systems require extensive testing for approval and verification.

VIII. CONCLUSION
Artificial intelligence systems that utilization fuzzy logic to reenact human thinking by and by need master support during
advancement. This empowers you to depend on the information on professionals who are more acquainted with the framework.
Fuzzy logic can likewise be used to further develop how calculations are done. Fuzzy logic and fuzzy semantics are utilized by IBM
Watson. Fuzzy logic, which gives a scope of legitimate thinking that can happen as a subset of the human unique cycle, upholds
understanding how individuals will work in a strong setting in a dark plan and directs machines. This report gives a speedy outline
of the main discoveries in fuzzy logic and fuzzy simulated intelligence systems at the Artificial Intelligence Exploration Foundation
from 1985 to the present. The start, the take-off, and the combination are the three-time spans in which the distribution is
coordinated. As we see it, the IIIA has played and keeps on assuming a huge part in both the hypothetical turn of events and viable
executions of fuzzy logic and fuzzy man-made intelligence systems.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
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