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1 Computer Fundamental

The document provides an introduction to computers, defining them as electronic devices that process data to produce information through input, processing, output, and storage. It outlines key characteristics of computers, such as automation, accuracy, speed, diligence, versatility, memory capacity, and the absence of intelligence and feelings. Additionally, it explains important terms related to computers, including data, information, instructions, programs, software, and hardware.

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27 views4 pages

1 Computer Fundamental

The document provides an introduction to computers, defining them as electronic devices that process data to produce information through input, processing, output, and storage. It outlines key characteristics of computers, such as automation, accuracy, speed, diligence, versatility, memory capacity, and the absence of intelligence and feelings. Additionally, it explains important terms related to computers, including data, information, instructions, programs, software, and hardware.

Uploaded by

dslbapi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer fundamental

UNIT: 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER


1. WHAT IS COMPUTER ?
• The word “computer” is comes from the word “TO COMPUTE” means to
calculate.
• What is the Full Form of a Computer?
o Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological and
Educational Research
• A computer is normally considered to be a calculation device which can perform
the arithmetic operations very speedily.
• A computer may be defined as a device which operates upon the data.
• Data can be in the form of numbers, letters, symbols, size etc. And it comes in
various shapes & sizes depending upon the type of computer application.
• A computer can store, process & retrieve data as and when we desired.
• The fact that computer process data is so fundamental that many people have
started calling as “Data Processor”.
• A computer first it gets the Data, does Process on it and then produces
Information.

DATA PROCESS INFORMATION

• DEFINATION OF COMPUTER
o A computer is an electronic device which takes input from the user,
processes it and gives the output as per user’s requirement.
o So the main tasks of performed by the computer are:
 Input
 Process
 Output
 Storage
• Functioning of a Computer System
Computer is responsible for performing four basic functions
1. Input:
Information or data that is entered into a computer is called input. It sends data
and instructions to the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
2. Processing:
It is the sequence of actions taken on data to convert it into information which is
meaningful to the user. It can be calculations, comparisons or decisions taken by
the computer.
3. Output:
It makes processed data available to the user. It is mainly used to display the
desired result to the user as per input instructions.
4. Storage:
It stores data and programs permanently. It is used to store information during
the time of program execution and possible to get any type of information from it.
• Terms Related to Computer
Data:
Unprocessed raw facts and figures, like numbers, text on pieces of paper, are
known as data. Ex- 123, a, b, 47, Ram ,Hari , No - etc.
Information:
When data is processed, organized, structured or presented in a given context so
as to be useful, then it is called information. Ex-Roll:121 Name : Alok
Instruction:
It is a command given to a computer in the computer language by the user.
Program:
It is a set of instructions given to a computer in order to perform some task.
Software:
It is a set of programs and procedures. Software tells the hardware what to do
and how to accomplish a task. Ex-web browsers, word processors, etc.
Hardware:

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Hardware is collection of physical elements that constitute a computer system.
It is a comprehensive term for all the physical parts of a computer. e.g., display
screens, disks. Keyboards, printers, scanner, chips, etc.

2.WRITE DOWN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER


Some important characteristics of the computer are as follow:
• Automatic:
o Computers are automatic machines because it works by itself
without human intervention.
o Once it started on a job they carry on until the job is finished.
o Computer cannot start themselves.
o They can works from the instructions which are stored inside the system in
the form of programs which specify how a particular job is to be done.
• Accuracy:
o The accuracy of a computer is very high.
o The degree of accuracy of a particular computer depends upon its design.
o Errors can occur by the computer. But these are due to human weakness,
due to incorrect data, but not due to the technological weakness.
• Speed:
o Computer is a very fact device. It can perform the amount of work in few
seconds for which a human can take an entire year.
o While talking about computer speed we do not talk in terms of seconds
and milliseconds but in microseconds.
o A powerful computer is capable of performing several billion (109) simple
arithmetic operations per second.
• Diligence:
o Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness & lack
of concentration.
o It can continuously work for hours without creating any error.
o If you give ten million calculations to performed, it will perform with
exactly the same accuracy & speed as the first one.

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• Versatility:
o It is one of the most wonderful features about the computer.
o One moment it is preparing the results of a particular examination, the
next moment it is busy with preparing electricity bills and in between it
may be helping an office secretary to trace an important letter in seconds.
• Power of remembering:
o Computer can store and recall any amount of data because of its high
storage capacity of its storage devices.
o Every piece of information can be retained as long as desired by the user
and can be recalled as and when required.
o Even after several years, if the information recalled, it will be as accurate
as on the day when it was filled to the computers.
• No I.Q.
o A computer is not a magical device; it processes no intelligence of its own.
o Its I.Q. is zero.
o It has to be told what to do & in what sequence.
o It cannot take its own decision.

 No Feelings:

o A Computer has no feelings because they are machines.


o Based on our feelings, task, knowledge and experience we often make
certain judgments in our day today life.
o But Computer goes exactly the way which we have given the instructions .

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