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Computer Project SOFTWAREANDLOGICGATES

The document provides an overview of software, categorizing it into system software and application software, with further subdivisions. It also explains Boolean logic and the basic logic gates, including AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, NOR, and XNOR, detailing their functions and outputs. Each logic gate is described in terms of its behavior with binary inputs and outputs.

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2 views7 pages

Computer Project SOFTWAREANDLOGICGATES

The document provides an overview of software, categorizing it into system software and application software, with further subdivisions. It also explains Boolean logic and the basic logic gates, including AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, NOR, and XNOR, detailing their functions and outputs. Each logic gate is described in terms of its behavior with binary inputs and outputs.

Uploaded by

sinkusomsagar10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer project

Software- software is a collection of instructions,


data, or computer programs that are used to run
machines and carry out particular activities. It
is the antithesis of hardware, which refers to a
computer’s external components. A device’s
running programs, script and application are
collectively referred to as “software” in this
context.

Types of software
There are mainly two types of software:
(i) System software
(ii) Application software
These can be divided into three more types of
software each:
(i) System software
(a) Operating System
(b) Language processor
(c) Device driver
(ii)Application Software
(a) General purpose software
(b) Customize software
(c) Utility software
Here is a figure for better understanding :

Boolean Logic
What is Boolean logic or logic gate?
A logic gate is a device that acts as a building
block for digital circuits. They perform basic
logical functions that are fundamental to
digital circuits. Most electronic devices we use
today will have some form of logic gates in
them. For example, logic gates can be used in
digital electronics such as smartphones and
tablets or in memory devices.

Basic logic gates


There are seven basic logic gates: AND, OR,
XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR and XNOR.

(i) AND GATE:

The AND gate is named so because, if 0


is false and 1 is true, the gate acts in the
same way as the logical "and" operator.
The following illustration and table show
the circuit symbol and logic
combinations for an AND gate. (In the
symbol, the input terminals are on the
left, and the output terminal is on the
right.) The output is "true" when both
inputs are "true." Otherwise, the output is
"false." In other words, the output is 1
only when both inputs are 1.

(ii) OR GATE:
The OR gate gets its name from behaving like
the logical inclusive "or." The output is true if
one or both of the inputs are true. If both inputs
are false, then the output is false. In other
words, for the output to be 1, at least one input
must be 1.

(iii) NOT GATE:


A logical inverter, sometimes called a NOT
gate to differentiate it from other types of
electronic inverter devices, has only one input.
A NOT gate reverses the logic state. If the input
is 1, then the output is 0. If the input is 0, then
the output is 1.

(iv) XOR GATE:


The XOR (exclusive-OR) gate acts in the same
way as the logical "either/or." The output is true
if either, but not both, of the inputs are true.
The output is false if both inputs are "false" or
if both inputs are true. Similarly, the output is
1 if the inputs are different but 0 if the inputs
are the same.
(v) NAND GATE:
The NAND (Negated AND) gate operates as an
AND gate followed by a NOT gate. It acts in
the manner of the logical operation "and"
followed by negation. The output is false if
both inputs are true. Otherwise, the output is
true. Another way to visualize it is that a
NAND gate inverts the output of an AND gate.
The NAND gate symbol is an AND gate with
the circle of a NOT gate at the output.

(vi) NOR GATE:


The NOR (NOT OR) gate is a combination OR
gate followed by an inverter. Its output is true if
both inputs are false. Otherwise, the output is
false.
(vii) XNOR GATE:
The XNOR (exclusive-NOR) gate is a
combination of an XOR gate followed by an
inverter. Its output is true if the inputs are the
same and false if the inputs are different.

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