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Correlation-and-Regression

The document discusses correlation methods, including scatter plots and the Pearson correlation coefficient, which measure the relationship between variables. It explains linear regression analysis as a predictive tool that estimates the dependent variable based on known values of independent variables. Additionally, it outlines the characteristics of the regression line, indicating positive, negative, or no relationship between the variables.

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glaizamaeodinario5
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3 views

Correlation-and-Regression

The document discusses correlation methods, including scatter plots and the Pearson correlation coefficient, which measure the relationship between variables. It explains linear regression analysis as a predictive tool that estimates the dependent variable based on known values of independent variables. Additionally, it outlines the characteristics of the regression line, indicating positive, negative, or no relationship between the variables.

Uploaded by

glaizamaeodinario5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Correlation

Correlation Methods
Scatter Plot
is a graph of ordered pair (x, y) of numbers consisting of the
independent variable x, and the dependent variable y.
The independent variable is plotted on the horizontal axis
and the dependent variable is on the vertical axis.
The purpose of this graph is to determine tha nature of the
relationship between the variables.
The relationship may be positive linear, negative linear,
curvilinear, or no discernible relationship.
Correlation Methods
Scatter Plot
Example:
Correlation
is a statistical method used to determine if there is a
relationship between variables and the strength of the
relationship.
Pearson Correlation Coefficient

The degree of linear association/relationship between


two variables is measured by a correlation coefficient,
denoted by r.
It is sometimes called Pearson correlation coefficient in
honor of its developer.

Formula:
Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Formula:
Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Example:
A statistics professor at a state university wants to see
how strong the relationship is between a student’s score
on a test and his or her grade point average. The data
obtained from the sample follows
Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Example:
A statistics professor at a state university wants to see how strong the relationship is between a
student’s score on a test and his or her grade point average. The data obtained from the sample
follows
Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Example:
A statistics professor at a state university wants to see how strong
the relationship is between a student’s score on a test and his or her
grade point average. The data obtained from the sample follows
Regression
Linear Regression Analysis
is the simplest and commonly used statistical measure for prediction
studies.
it is concerned with finding an equation that uses the known values of
one or more variables, to estimate the unknown value of quantitative
variable called the dependent criterion,.
it is a prediction when a variable (y) is dependent on the second variable
(x) based on the regression equation of a given set of data.
After a scatter plot is constructed and the value of correlation
coefficient is deemed to be significant, then an equation of the
regression line is determined.
the closer the points fit the regression line, the higher the absolute value
of r and the closer ot will be to +1 or to -1.
Linear Regression Analysis
Characteristics of the Regression
Line
When b > 0, y increases as x increases. In this case, we say
that y is directly or positively related to x.

Positive Linear Relationship


Characteristics of the Regression
Line
When b < 0, y decreases as x increases. In this case, we say
that y is inversely or negatively related to x.

Negative Linear Relationship


Characteristics of the Regression
Line
When b = 0, y is constant and is equal to y-intercept a. This
implies that there is no change in Y whatever X value is.

No Relationship
Characteristics of the Regression
Line
Example:
A statistics professor at a state university wants to see how strong the
relationship is between a student’s score on a test and his or her grade
point average. The data obtained from the sample follows
Characteristics of the Regression
Example:
Line

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