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Lecture 1. Introduction to Control Systems Engineering

Control Systems Engineering involves the arrangement of physical components to command, direct, or regulate systems as a whole. It distinguishes between open-loop systems, which do not compensate for disturbances, and closed-loop systems, which utilize feedback to correct errors and improve accuracy. Examples include burglar alarms for open-loop systems and antenna control systems for closed-loop systems.

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6 views

Lecture 1. Introduction to Control Systems Engineering

Control Systems Engineering involves the arrangement of physical components to command, direct, or regulate systems as a whole. It distinguishes between open-loop systems, which do not compensate for disturbances, and closed-loop systems, which utilize feedback to correct errors and improve accuracy. Examples include burglar alarms for open-loop systems and antenna control systems for closed-loop systems.

Uploaded by

mika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Systems Engineering

INTRODUCTION
Definition of Terms

 A system is an arrangement of physical components


connected or related in such a manner as to act as an
entire unit.
 Control means to command, direct or regulate.
Control System is an arrangement of physical
components connected or related is such a manner as
to command, direct or regulate itself or another system
to act as one or as an entire unit.

(a) system concept


(b) detailed layout
(c) functional block diagram
Control System is an arrangement of physical
components connected or related is such a manner as
to command, direct or regulate itself or another system
to act as one or as an entire unit.
Simplified Description
of a Control System

Input- input is the stimulus, excitation or


command applied to the control system.
Output- output is the actual response
obtained from the control system.
Example (Elevator Response)
Reasons of building Control System

 Power amplification
 Remote control
 Convenience of input form
 Compensation for disturbance
System Configurations

 Open-loop System
 Closed-loop Systems
System Configurations

 Open-loop System

➢ Input transducer converts the input to a form used by the


controller.
➢ The controller drives a process or a plant.
➢ The input is sometimes called the reference and the output can be
called the controlled variable.
System Configurations

 Open-loop System

➢ Open loop system cannot compensate for the disturbance and


cannot correct any error at the output.
➢ The input and output are not related.
➢ Open loop systems are simply commanded by the input.
➢ Examples: oven toaster, gas oven, washing machine, burglar alarm
Example of Open-loop System

 Burglar Alarm System


System Configurations

 Closed-loop (Feedback Control) System

➢ Input transducer converts the input to a form used by the


controller.
➢ Output transducer measures the output response and converts
to a form used by the controller
➢ The controller drives a process or a plant.
System Configurations

 Closed-loop (Feedback Control) System

➢ The closed-loop system compensates for the disturbances,


thereby, correcting error at the output.
➢ Example is the antenna control system.
➢ Closed loop system has greater accuracy than open loop.
➢ Less sensitive to noise,disturbance, and change in environment
Antenna Azimuth Position Control System
Antenna Azimuth Position Control System

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