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Basic Object Creation
const car = {
make: "Toyota",
model: "Camry",
year: 2020
};
Explanation: This creates an object named car with three
properties: make, model, and year.
2. Accessing Object Properties
const person = { name: "Alice", age: 30, city: "New
York" };
console.log(person.age); // Output: 30
Explanation: You can access the age property using dot
notation.
3. Updating Object Properties
person.city = "Los Angeles";
console.log(person.city); // Output: Los Angeles
Explanation: You can update the city property by assigning a
new value.
4. Adding New Properties
person.occupation = "Engineer";
console.log(person.occupation); // Output: Engineer
Explanation: You can add a new property to an object by simply
assigning a value to a new key.
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5. Deleting Properties
delete person.age;
console.log(person.age); // Output: undefined
Explanation: The delete operator removes a property from an
object.
6. Object Methods
const personWithFullName = {
firstName: "John",
lastName: "Doe",
getFullName: function() {
return `${this.firstName}
${this.lastName}`;
}
};
console.log(personWithFullName.getFullName()); //
Output: John Doe
Explanation: This defines a method getFullName that
returns the full name by accessing firstName and
lastName.
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7. Nested Objects
const student = {
name: "Bob",
age: 20,
grades: {
math: 90,
science: 85,
english: 88
}
};
Explanation: The grades property is an object containing
scores for different subjects.
8. Object Destructuring
const user = { id: 1, username: "john_doe", email:
"[email protected]" };
const { username, email } = user;
console.log(username, email); // Output: john_doe
[email protected]
Explanation: Destructuring allows you to extract properties from
an object into variables.
9. Checking Object Types
const data = {};
console.log(typeof data === 'object'); // Output:
true
Explanation: You can check if a variable is an object using
typeof.
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10. Object.keys()
const carKeys = Object.keys(car);
console.log(carKeys); // Output: ["make", "model",
"year"]
Explanation: Object.keys() returns an array of the object's
property names.
11. Object.values()
const carValues = Object.values(car);
console.log(carValues); // Output: ["Toyota",
"Camry", 2020]
Explanation: Object.values() returns an array of the
object's property values.
12. Object.entries()
const carEntries = Object.entries(car);
console.log(carEntries); // Output: [["make",
"Toyota"], ["model", "Camry"], ["year", 2020]]
Explanation: Object.entries() returns an array of key-
value pairs.
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13. Merging Objects
const obj1 = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const obj2 = { b: 3, c: 4 };
const merged = { ...obj1, ...obj2 };
console.log(merged); // Output: { a: 1, b: 3, c: 4
}
Explanation: The spread operator (...) merges two objects,
with properties from the second object overwriting those from
the first.
14. Prototypes
function Animal(type) {
this.type = type;
this.speak = function() {
console.log(`${this.type} makes a sound.`);
};
}
const dog = new Animal("Dog");
dog.speak(); // Output: Dog makes a sound.
Explanation: This defines a constructor function Animal and
creates an instance dog.
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15. Inheritance
function Dog(breed) {
Animal.call(this, "Dog"); // Call the parent
constructor
this.breed = breed;
}
Dog.prototype = Object.create(Animal.prototype);
const myDog = new Dog("Labrador");
console.log(myDog.type); // Output: Dog
console.log(myDog.breed); // Output: Labrador
myDog.speak(); // Output: Dog makes a sound.
Explanation: The Dog constructor calls the Animal
constructor to inherit the type property. The prototype of Dog
is set to an instance of Animal, allowing myDog to access
methods defined in Animal.
16. Object.freeze()
const frozenObject = Object.freeze({ name: "Alice",
age: 30 });
frozenObject.age = 31; // This will not change the
age property
console.log(frozenObject.age); // Output: 30
Explanation: Object.freeze() makes an object
immutable, meaning you cannot change its properties or add new
ones.
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17. Object.seal()
const sealedObject = Object.seal({ name: "Bob",
age: 25 });
sealedObject.age = 26; // This will work
sealedObject.city = "New York"; // This will not
work
console.log(sealedObject); // Output: { name:
"Bob", age: 26 }
Explanation: Object.seal() allows existing properties to
be modified but prevents new properties from being added.
18. Checking for Property Existence
if ('occupation' in person) {
console.log("Occupation exists");
} else {
console.log("Occupation does not exist"); //
Output: Occupation does not exist
}
Explanation: The in operator checks if a property exists in an
object.
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19. Iterating Over Object Properties
for (const key in student) {
if (student.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
console.log(`${key}: ${student[key]}`);
}
}
// Output:
// name: Bob
// age: 20
// grades: [object Object]
Explanation: A for...in loop iterates over the properties of
an object. The hasOwnProperty method ensures that only
the object's own properties are logged.
20. JSON and Objects
const jsonString = JSON.stringify(person);
console.log(jsonString); // Output:
{"name":"Alice","city":"Los
Angeles","occupation":"Engineer"}
const parsedObject = JSON.parse(jsonString);
console.log(parsedObject); // Output: { name:
"Alice", city: "Los Angeles", occupation:
"Engineer" }
Explanation: JSON.stringify() converts an object to a
JSON string, while JSON.parse() converts a JSON string back
into an object.
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