Hadith #1

- ‘Religion is sincerity’ We Said ‘to Whom?’ The Prophet S.A.W Said, ‘To Allah’, His Book,
His Messenger, The leaders of the Muslims & To their common people”

Teachings:-
- Recorded in sahihain (Sahih Bukhari & Sahih Muslim)
- Focuses on the individual responsibilities of good muslims
- By “Religion is sincerity”, We Imply the importance of sincerity in islam, Being told to follow
the faith of islam With Dedication
- We must live our lives as obedient servants of Allah SWT and as good members of the
community
- Act on the principals of Islam and Not to upset the community but be loyal to its members

Implementations of these teachings:-

- Being sincere to Allah SWT is of Significant importance in Islam
- We must worship Allah Alone, Offering all our devotions to him and no one other
- We must have absolute faith that Allah SWT alone is our creator, our sustainer and our lord
- Quran is the Word Of Allah That was revealed to the prophet Muhammad S.A.W and you cant
doubt it.
- “For We Had Certaily seent unto them a book based on knowledge which we explained in
detail, a guide and a mercy to all those who believe” Surah Al A’raaf, 52
- We Must understand the quran’s verses, commit to it using our memory, interpreting them
and saving the divine book from those who would corrupt it, abuse and mis interpt it with
tongue
- Must have unwavering faith that everything that Prophet Told us is the truth and must obey all
his commands and prohibitions. Everything he tells us comes from Allah
- “Nor Does he spoke of desire. It is only a revelation revealed”
(Surah al Najm, verses 3-4)
- “O Who You Believe! Obey Allah & Obey The Messanger (Muhammad S.A.W)” Surah Al Nisa,
Verse 59
- Sincerity for leaders apply when one, scholars preach and practice others the religion and
mistakes of people, The Second one Are rulers whose job is to carry out the laws of islam,
work for the welfare of people and provide them with ease and comfer
Hadith No 2:
- “none of you believes until he wants for his brother what he wants for himself”

Teachings of the hadith:-

- Mentioned in sahihain and emphasies the spirit of equality
- Teaches us that muslim should desire for other muslims what he loves himself
- Laws down a very significant principle of behavior for dealing with eacho other
- A True Islamic community is built upon love and compassion for its members.. every member
shoul d care for and help one another
- Nothing makes others superior in the muslim community over another, race, colour, religion or
group. All these barriers must be removed for this concept to be realized
- Other barriers like selfishness and envy should be released
- “That you desire for others what you desire for yourself and you do not desire for others what
you do not desire for yourself” (Musnad Ahmad)

Implementation:
- We should offer respect, honesty, peace and integrity to others
- Avoid mistreating and maltreating others in anyway
- If a person commits a mistake, then we should find an excuse for him and not jump to
conclusions
- Forgiving others who’ve committed a mistake.
- This enables us to live peacefully and avoid controntations
- When a muslim desires to have good and lawful things of this world, he should also wish that
for his fellow muslim brothers and sisters.
- “Believers are like a single man; if his eye is affected, he is affected and if his head is affected,
he is all affected” Sahih Muslim
- Everyone should guide each other towards a straight path
Hadith #3.
- “Let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day either speak good or keep silent, and
let him who believes in Allah & The last day be generous to his neighbour and let him
who believes in Allah & the last day be generous to his guest”

Teaching:-
- Mentioned in sahihain
- Focuses on the individuals awelll as communual responsibilities of a true believer
- Hadith contains the ruling concerning the tongue and the behaviour of muslims towards
others.
- Emphasizes we are responsible for what we say, do and how we deal with others. We’ll have
to face consequences in the hereafter
- If the things which a believer says are pleasing to Allah, can either raise him to a high level or if
they are displeasing, may cause him to be thrown into the hellfire
- One Hadith Shared an example Where a Pious man saw a fellow always committing sins. One
day, the pious man swore to the sinner “By Allah, he will never forgive you”. Allah was
displeased with what the pious man said because only Allah knows hat is our destiny
- Whether Someone will end up in hell or heaven, Allah Is the judge of that: Because of this
when both men died, the pious man was punished and put into hell while the sinner was
forgiven. (Sunan Abu Dawood)

Implementation:-
- We should always say something beneficial and good or else we should keep silent as on the
day of judgement we will be accountable for each word that we utter here
- Islam encourages us to minimize disputes and conflicts
- If we often find ourselves in the middle of a dispute b/w two people: E.G b/w relatives we
shouldn’t take sides instead try to help and reconcile the differences, try to resolve the
problem and end the dispute.
- If we don’t have enough knowledge and cannot provide proper advice then we should keep
silent
- “Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day Should not harm his neighbour” Sahihain
- We should be a source of comfort to our neighbours and should project generosity and
hospitality towards them. We must make sure to share our food with them regardless if they
believe in a religion different from ours.
- Hadith teaches us to be kind to our guests and entertain them well aswell as leading us to a
peaceful and harmonious society in this life, pleasing Allah S.W.T
Hadith #4:
- “A Man asked the prophet S.A.W, ‘Do You think that if I Perform the obligatory prayers,
fast in Ramadan and treat as lawful that which is lawful and treat as forbidden that
which is forbidden and do nothing, I shall enter Paradise?’ He Said, ‘Yes’”

Teaching:-
- Hadith recorded in sahih muslim
- Highlights a significant characteristic of Islam that it’s a religion based o ease
- If one wishes to enter paradise with ease, then along with avoiding the unlawful acts, he must
be regular with the daily prayer and fasting.
- About the Prayer, The Quran States: “Establish regular prayers at the suns decline till the
darkness of the night and pray in the small watches of the morning” Surah Al Isra, verses:78-79
- Virtous acts are encouraged in Ilsam, Based on ones capacity and ability
- Zakat and Hajj become compulsory on those who are financially strong btu the obligatory acts
of salah and fasting are mandatory fo revery muslims.
- The basic requirement To enter paradise, is practicing obligatory acts with sincerity & avoiding
prohbitions

Implemtenation:-
- Treat the fortbidden as prohibited means to avoid the forbidden and the meaning of to treat
the lawful as permissible is to perform the lawful acts, believing they are permissible.
- Even more the conferment of prophethood, the holy prophet s.a.w never ate the meat o fthat
animal which was sacrificed in the name of any other deity nor did he ever go near any lawful
acts.
- Verily, as salat prevets from al Fasha Surah Al Ankaboot Verse 45
- As true muslims, we should know the diff b.w haram and halal in every aspect of life and
follow the halal only. Be whatever like theft, relationships or food and earnings
Hadith #5:
- “Every person’s every joint must perform a charity everyday the sun comes up : to act
justly between two people is a charity; to help a man with his mount, lifting him onto
it or hoisting up his belongings onto it is a charity; a good word is a charity; every step
you take to prayers is a charity; every kind word is a charity and removing a harmful
thing from the road is a charity”

Teaching:-
- Recorded in sahihain
- Aims to emphasise that in islam, simple charitable acts that benefit society are considered as
great deeds and the people who do them are rewarded by Allah SWT
- Good Deeds are a way of showing our gratitude To Allah SWT for his blessings
- “Every good act is a sadaqah” sahih bukhari
- Simples acts of caring and sharing motivate others to do the same in response and thus create
a better a society which is one of the main objectives of islam. We should set ourselves as role
models to motivate others to follow our example

Implementation:-
- Bringing about justice b/w two people helping them to resolve their disputes and guiding
people depople who deviated in their thoughts back to the community is a part of Islah Which
means reform.
- People should Do this as an it’s a charitable act and pleases Allah, we should also relieve
somenes sadness or anxiety by consoling him or by making dua for him when we notice
someones unhappy
- Removing something from somoeones patch to prevent some harmful accident/incident is a
charitable act and we’ll be rewarded for it.
- Smiling in your brothers face is a charitable act
- Directing others towards a right path when they are lost is a charitable act
- Help a man who has bad eyesight or remove stones from the roads are a charitable act
- Pour water from your bucket into your brothers, it counts to you as sadaqah
- As muslims, we have to do as many charitable acts without considering whether they are
notable or trivial.
- The ones done for showing others how we are, wont be rewarded but one done for the
intention to do is rewarded
- We should do our obligatory acts aswell as sunnah’s which will improve our rewards
Abu Bakr (Election for the caliphate):
- After the death of the Holy Prophet S.A.W, The first Problem before the people was the
election of a new leader
- The two big groups among muslims were muhajireen R.A & Ansaar R.A.
- The Ansaar Gathered at their meeting place, near the house of an Ansari Leader, Sa’ad bin
Abada R.A
- Sa’ad R.A Said the caliph must be among them but the idea was refuted and instead suggested
there should be two caliphs, one from Ansaar R.A & one from Muhajireen R.A
- Umar R.A Objected to this suggestion and said that this would lead to Confusion
- Eventually it was advised the Quraish have a better right to select a caliph from among them
and thus the Ansaar R.A Agreed to have a muhajir Caliph
- Therefore, Abu Bakr R.A Recommended Umar R.A or Abu Ubaidah R.A As the Caliph but upon
hearing this, both of them exclaimed It Should be Abu Bakr R.A
- Abu Bakr R.A Didn’t agree but Umar R.A Felt delay might create new difficulties and later uss
so he himself took Abu Bakr’s Hand & Pledged loyalty to him, All other muslims followed and
thus he was chosen as the First Caliph of Muslims
- The Very next day, he spoke to the gathering insisting he Isn’t better than anyone of them, if
he does any good, support him, if he does ANY wrong, please set him right. The Weak among
them are the powerful in his eyes and the powerful among them are the weak in his eyes. He
Continues the speech before Stating They must obey him As long as he Obey’s Allah & His
Messengers, The Moment he disobeys Allah & His Messenger, they are free to disobey him.

Main Challenges faced:

- After becoming the caliph, Abu Bakr R.A Faced many challenges.
- The Jews & Christians were filled with unrest
- A Growing number of people gave up religious beliefs and left the religion
- People started claiming False Prophethood
- Some tribes refused to pay zakat
- However Abu Bakr did his absolte best, showing exceptional courage and determination and
overcame all the challenges
1. Expedition To Syria
- The prophet had nominated Usama R.A Some weeks before his death to lead an expedition
against the romans in Syria
- Usama R.A Was to avenge the death of his father who had been killed by the Syrians in the
battle of Mu’tah.
- The Army hadn’t gone very far by the time Prophet Fell Ill and passed away which held up
expedition for some weeks
- As soon as Abu Bakr R.A became the caliph, the first thing he thought of was sending the
expedition again.
- Someone suggested Usama R.A was too raw to lead as he was JUST 17 years of age. It was
wiser to place a more experienced man in charge but this suggestion made Abu Bakr R.A
Angry and he Said: “What right have I, to dismiss a man appointed by Allah’s Messenger”
- This expedition proved successful and they returned victorious to Madinah after 40 Days.
 2. The False Prophets
- There Were 5 People who claimed false Prophethood.

#1:- Musalima.
- He Belonged to the tribe of Banu Hanifa, He Visited the Holy Prophet S.A.W in
Madinah during his lifetime and on returning, declared his prophethood
- He Wrote A letter to the prophet, claiming himself as a partner in prophethood and
suggested to divide the land between him and the prophet
- The Holy Prophet replied Saying the whole land belongs to Allah SWT Only
- The holy prophet considered Musalima The Biggest Liar And after The Death of the
prophet, Musalima got his opportunity by collecting a large army
- Musalima had married Sajjah Within this army, as she was an impostress and decided
to marry her instead of attacking her.
- To Counter him, Abu Bakr Sent three battalions Towards Yamama Under Ikrama R.A,
Who was ordered to attack Musalima
- He attacked musalima and was defeated
- Eventually a fierce battle took place at yamama, Musailima and his tribesmen were
put to death Since this battle took place in a fortified garden and a great number of
Banu Hanifa & Muslims were killed.
- This garden was now known as the “Battle of the Garden of Death”
- Among those who killed Musailima was Wahshi, The Negro Slave who had killed
Hamza R.A, The Uncle of the Prophet S.A.W

#2:- Sajjah.
- Christian and belonged to the tribe of Banu Tamim
- She also claimed to prophethood and raised a large army, marching towards Madinah.
- Musailima couldn’t defeat her so he married her And After The Murder of Musailima, Sajjah
Disappeared and lived in Obscurity
- Later , when Muslims conquered Iraq, she accepted Islam with the rest of her tribesmen

#3:- Aswad Ansi.

- Before the death of the prophet S.A.W, AN imposter, Aswad Ansi appeared in Yemen,
belonging to the Ans Tribe.
- He gathered a considerable number of followers and attacked The Capital Of Yemen, killing the
governor and married his Wife.
- The Prophet wrote to the leaders of Muslim army’s in Yemen to get rid of the imposter
- They secretly joined hands with his newly married wife who against him
- One night they killed Aswad and Yaman Came Back under Muslim Rule.
- The Unfortunate News Was That This news reached Madinah A Day After the Prophet’s Death
- Trouble started again in Yemen when the news of Prophet’s death Reached the province
 - A Former general of Aswad’s Army, by the name of Qais made a bid for Power, Giving Up Islam
and gathered enough men to capture Sanaa, The Capital of Yemen, He became the Master Of
yemen
- However The Muslim army Stood Firm and Qais & His Chief supported Were sent to Madinah
where they both repented for their sins & were forgiven

#4:- Tulayha.
- Tulayha was one of the imposters
- Belonging to the tribe of Banu Asad
- He laid claim to prophethood, all his tribesmen became his followers
- His pure intention was to attack Muslims But Abu Bakr R.A Sent Khalid Bin Waleed R.A With
4000 Men who defeated Tulayha.
- He Fled to Syria, later on ecoming Muslim
- During the caliphate of Umar R.A, He Served in the Muslim army in the Iraqi Campaigns and
thus tried to compensate for Past Sins.

#5:- Malik Bin Nuwairah:

- The chief of the tribe of Banu Tamim
- The holy prophet S.A.W Had appointed him as the tax collector for his tribe
- After the Holy Prophet’s Death, He didn’t dispatch the collected tax to Madinah and gave all
the collected money to his tribesmen saying “This Is Your Wealth”
- He Attacked the muslims of his tribes But was captured and then killed by Khalid Bin Waleed
R.A’s Army

3. Ridda War:
- Known as the War Of Apostasy, Were a set of military campaigns against the rebellion of
several tribes in the whole of Arabia (Except Madinah, Ta’if & Makkah)
- The Death of the prophet made people think Islam was going to end with him as they weren’t
firm in their new faith
- In order to attack this critical Situation, Abu bakr R.A Formed 11 Main corps with each corps
having its own commander and its own flag.
- While some commanders were assigned missions later on, some were assigned immediate
missions
- The Corp commanders were given the instruction to call Azaan, Whenever they reached the
tribes which were their target (In Order to make them re-embrace Islam)
- After Giving Azaan, they’d confirm from the tribes its submission to Islam including the Paying
Of Zakat
- The Tribes that answered the azaan and submitted to Islam weren’t to be attacked
- However all the apostates who had killed the Muslims were instructed to be killed
- Bahrain who embraced Islam in the lifetime of the holy prophet had also apostasised and
started fighting with Muslims.
 - Ab Bakr R.A Sent a batallion to deal with them and defeated their leader, Recapturing Bahrain
and making it secure under the Muslim rule
- Eventually a few months later, the whole country had finally re-embraced Islam

4. Refusal Of Some Tribes to pay Zakat:

- After the death of the prophet, some of the newly converted tribes refused to pay Zakat
- Although the government took the zakat from them and spent it on the poor of their own
tribe
- The chiefs of these tribes felt it a burden on their pockets
- They said If They government would free them from the payment of zakat, they’d remain
muslims
- But upon hearing this, Abu Bakr R.A Refused the proposal of these tribes and Eventually called
in a meeting seeking for advice
- Many of the members advised him to ignore these tribes and settle with them after the
imposters had been dealt with but Abu Bakr R.A Strictly refused the idea, Declaring that even
if a Single Penny is due from a man, he must give it. If He refuses, I Will wage war against him,
if others do not support me, I will fight alone because NO ONE HAS THE POWER TO CHANGE A
COMMANDMENT OF ALLAH S.W.T
- Abu Bakr Eventually defeated these tribes and received the fixed amount of zakat from them
- The impact of his strict act strongly influenced the chiefs of many other tribes with theresult
they submitted Zakat to Bait Ul Maal, In Person

Battles Fought during the caliphate of Abu Bakr R.A:

- Abu Bakr R.A Was certain that whenever the persians get a chance, they would definitely
attack the arabs, hoping that by attacking Iraq & Syria, he might actually turn away danger
from the borders of Arabia
- At the time eastern Iraq was a part of Iran and Musanna R.A was sent with Khalid Bin Waleed
R.A To Assist him In The invasion of Sassanid Empire
- Khalid R.A Was Still at Yamama defeating Musailima And In Muharram 12 A.H, He set out from
Yamama with an army of 10,000 Men headed towards Iraq.
- The First battle between the muslims and the persians finally took place at Kazima in Iraq.
- However Before Reaching there, Khalid R.A Sent A Letter To The Persian Commander, Hurmuz
addressing him in these words:
“Accept Islam and You Will be safe. If Not, agree to pay the jizya or you will have to repent. I
Am bringing against you people who love death as you love life”
- Hurmuz ignored the warning and opted to fight however before the fight, Hurmuz challenged
Khalid R.A For a single combat in which he was defeated and slain
- The Death of Hurmuz made the persian army flee from the battlefields
- This Battle is also known as the battle of chains because a bunch of persian army chained
themselves to each other so that they would fight persistently and not flee from the battle
ground
- The heavy attack forced them to retreat but since they were bound together by chains, the
soldiers fell back and were killed in large numbers
Other Battles Fought against the Persians:
- When the emperor of Iran, Learnt about Persians defeat in Kazima
- He Sent an army under the leadership of Qiran, met the muslim army at Mazar
- Khalid bin waleed R.A launched a fierce attack with the result that Qiran along with 30k men
were killed
- After this uradsher, the emperor of Iran sent another army which met the muslim Army at
Walaja
- And once again, the persians evacuated, fleeing from the battle field and another christain
arab tried helping the persians in the battle of Walaja but Before he could help them, Khalid
Bin Waleed R.A Advanced Towards Ullais and attacked them, as A Result. The Enemy was
Badly Defeated
- Khalid Bin Waleed R.A Advanced to Heerah, a famous part of Persia and learnt the people had
surrendered and agreed to pay jizya tax
- Now the Muslim Army moved towards Anbar, an important outpost of the Sassanid empire,
where the persians shut themselves in a fort surrounded by deep trench, shooting arrows
- The Muslim army managed to cross the French and reached the fort
- As A Result the commander of Anbar Surrendered and this was a great blow to Iran
- Upon Hearing Khalid Bin Waleed R.A Was Marching towards Ain Ut Tamar, another stronghold
of Iran, The Persian General Mehran, Fled from there and his chiefs were taken prisoners
- The muslim army had conquered the fort and got a large amount of booty
- Another muslim army was ready to attack the persians at Dumat ut Jundal, And Khalid Bin
Waleed rushed to help them, combining to defeat the persians
- The defeats the persians faced, finally put their campaigns to an end.

Campaigns in Syria:
- At that time, Syria was a great part of roman empire and the roman were planning to wipe the
arabs out
- There was a constant danger of an assault from Romans Side
- Abu Bakr R.A Was not unaware of them and therefore issued an order for Jihad.
- In the year 13 A.H, He raised a large army and divided it into four divisions
- These 4 divisions were to attack 4 different areas in Syria
- Abu Ubaidah R.A Was appointed as the commander in chief of all of the four divisions
- The news of the muslims invasion upset the emperor of Syria, Heraclius So he sent four huge
armies to fight the muslims
- Each army was larger than the muslim’s army and upon hearing this, they asked Abu Bakr R.A
For More reinforcements.
- Khalid Bin Waleed R.A, Who was busy in the Iraqi campaigns received urgent request for
reinforcements from his generals in Syria and directed to assist the commanders in Syria
- Obeying the Caliph’s Order, Khalid Bin Waleed R.A Handed over his command in Iraq to
Musanna And marched off to Syria with half the army
- He entered Syria & Upon reaching Bosria, He offered Islam To the romans and their
commander even accepted Islam, Romanus became a Muslim and joined the muslim Forces.
- Guided by Romanus, the muslim army attacked bosra through an underground passage and
defated The romans
 - The people of bosra were offered a peace treaty which was accepted with the payment of jizya
- And unfortunately the campaign in Syria was left incomplete, as they got the news of the
death of Caliph Abu Bakr R.A

His Death:
- On 7TH of jamadi us sani 13 A.H (634 C.E), Abu Bakr R.A Was taken ill and had severe
fever for two weeks.
- On 22nd of Jamadi Us Sani 13 A.H (634 C.E), He passed away at age 63
- He was buried in Masjid E Nabwi next to the Prophet S.A.W

Main Acheivements:
- Abu bakr divided the whole arabian peninsula into 10 provinces with Madinah As the capital
of the Arabic State
- For Each province, he appointed a Governor who was the ruler of that Area. It Was The
Governors duty to lead the prayer in his area, collect taxes, maintain the law, command the
army, order in the province and administer justice
- The Governor was assisted by an Aamil (Revenue collector) & A Qazi (Judge)
- Abu bakr laid the foundation of a truly democratic government where all matters/state
matters were discussed and decided in accordance with the Quran and Sunnah after Mutual
Consultation/Suggestions
- As an Administrator, Abu Bakr R.A Was very strict and particular about the affairs of the states
and selected the governor and all the officers of the basis of good quality and didn’t allow any
officers to go against the rules set up for them.
- There was no separate department of revenue. As Soon as the Revenue collector of each
province collected zakat and other taxes and submitted it to Bair Ul Maal, The Fund was
immediately distributed among the needy and poor
- A Part of the revenue was reserved for the purchase of a weapons and horses needed by the
army
- Abu bakr Maintained a professional reserved force and whenever he’d send his troops
somewhere, He Would Instruct his Commanders the following:
1. Not to kill the women, children, old people and the worshippers
2. Not to be cruel to anyone
3. Not to destroy the crops, fruits bearing trees
4. Not to deceive anybody
5. Not to destroy places of worship
6. To protect the people who paid Jizya Tax
 He Also had some special instructions among for his commanders which are as Follows:
- Always fear Allah SWT As He knows what is in men’s heart
- Be kind to men under you & treat them well
- Improve yourself first, others will improve themselves when they see you
- Honour the representatives of the enemy
- Keep your own arrangements a secret
- Always be truthful so you can get good advice
- At night, when you are free, sit among your men. This will keep you in touch with
them
- Keep away from untruthfull men
- Be sincere to all with whom you have dealings
- Beware of dishonesty
- Directions should be brief, if too long, they are likely to be forgotten
- Leave people in the places of worship alone as they have given up the world and spent
days in places of worship

More Achievements:-
- He Expanded the territories of Arabia & The Islamic state as far as Syria, Palestine & Iraq
- The greatest achievement of Abu Bakr R.A was to preserve The Quran in written form, many of
the memorisers of the Quran were martyred during the batte of Yamama, fearing the Quran
might be lost. Umar R.A Requested the caliph Abu Bakr R.A to compile and preserve it in
written form.
- Though Abu Bakr R.A Initially hesitated, he later agreed and appointed zaid bin thabit R.A in
charge of the committee of Huffaz (memorisers of the Quran)
- After Collecting all the Quranic Verses, Zaid Bin Thabit and members of the committee verified
them by comparing them with those who had memorized the Quran
- After they were satisfied, they preserved it in a book form to the Caliph, Abu Bakr R.A.
- Abu Bakr R.A Became the Caliph at the most crucial time in the history of Islam, serving as a
caliph for 2 years and 3 months but leaving an unimaginable legacy as a caliph, performing
remarkable services for islams and overcame major threats the religion had to face in its Initial
Stages.
- Abu Bakr R.A Consoled the believers Of Allah by reminding them, the prophet was
unfortunately dead But Allah is Alive and he is the one who never dies. Allah is the one to be
worshipped.
- He then recited the following verse from the Quran: “Muhammad is no more a messenger
and indeed many messengers have passed away before him. If He Dies or is killed, Will
you turn back on your reels (as disbelievers)? And he who turns abck on his heels, not
the least harm will he do to Allah; and Allah will give reward to those who are
grateful” Surah Aal E Imran, verse 144
- When Abu Bakr became the caliph, he taught those thinking about leaving Islam that Islam is
the way of life. A Lesson taught which would never ever be forgotten.
 - He was extremely humble and a faithful viceroy of Allah SWT. Despite being a Caliphate, he
lived in poverty and got no personal gains out of this
- He instructed that his property should be sold and the amount he took from Bait Ul Maal for
his services, should be returned to the treasury
- He demolished the power of all false prophets, brought unity among muslims and established
the foundation of Islam on solid grounds
- He didn’t disobey Allah and stood true to his words, He didn’t compromise with those who
refused to pay zakat and was ready to fight them alone even if everyone was against him.
- If not for him, maybe the future generations wouldn’t have to pay Zakat which is an important
pillar of Islam

Characteristics:
- He was so pious and god fearing that he never loved this materialistic world and always had
fear of the hereafter. Whenever he recited the Quran, he would weep out of Love and fear of
Allah SWT
- Abu Bakr had several sons and many near relatives and he didn’t choose them for public
services, showing his unbias leadership and rather selected those appropriate and deserving
for the posts.
- Abu bakr R.A Was very intelligent and blessed with an excellent memory + decision making
skills
- By nature he was kind hearted, he would often buy slaves and set them free.
- He always served orphans and helpless even after becoming the caliph
- The Holy prophet said this about him: “The Most compassionate member of my people
towards my people is Abu Bakr R.A” Musnad Tirmizi

Articles Of Faith:
- The Articles of faith or fundamental beliefs are the basis of Islam. A Muslim has to
have a firm faith in them. These six fundamental articles of faith are:
- Belief in the oneness of Allah SWT (Tahweed)
- Belief in the angels (Malaika)
- Belief in the revealed books (kutub)
- Belief in the prophets (rusul)
- Belief in the resurrection and the last day (Akhira)
- Belief in the predestination and decree of Allah SWT (Al Qada wa Al Qadar)
“O You Who Believe! Believe in Allah and his Messenger and the scripture which he has sent
to his messenger and the scripture which he sent to those before (him). Anyone who denies
Allah, His Angels, His Books, His messengers, And the day of judgement has gone far far
astray” Surah Al Nisa, Verse 16
All the articles of faith are in reality, principles of Action. Allah SWT Is the one who possesses
all the perfect attributes and when a human being is required to believe in Allah SWT, He Is
Required to Believe that Allah SWT Is the only possessor of the highest moral attributes
Belief In the Messengers means that we are expected to change ourselves and set our lives on
their noble examples and serve humanity as they did.
Belief in the books of Allah SWT Signifies that we should follow the direction contained in
them for the development of our inner faculties
Belief in the angels means that the believer should follow the good desires to act which are
existing in us believers and should be careful of our thoughts and actions, believing that we
are being constantly watched and monitored by Angels to Allah SWT.

Belief In The oneness of Allah SWT (Tahweed):

- “There is no god but He: That is the witness of Allah, his angels and those endued with
knowledge, standing firm on justice. There is no god but he, the exalted in power, the
wise” (Surah Ali Imran, Verse 18)
- Tahweed in islam means to believe in the oneness of Allah SWT That he is the only god
and lord.
- There is no god but him and no one has the right or is worthy or be worshipped except
him
- All the attributes of lordship belong to him and no one else therefore, there is no god
But Allah SWT. He is al-mighty, the all wise, who deserves to be worshipped alone
- No one decides on any universal affair, matter but him and no one can intercede in his
court but those who he grants permission to. He is the provider, controller, all knowing
and all hearing.
- Nothing is beyond his capability
- “Say He Is Allah, The One and The Only. Allah, the eternal, absolute. He does not beget
nor is he begotten. And there is none like him” (Surah Al Ikhlas Verse 1-4)
- This Verse describes the four merits of Allah SWT’s lordship, Proving he is
Independent, doesn’t require anyone or anything but everyone and everything
requires Him and his help and his guidance.
- He has no children and nor is anyones Child, He has No Family either.
- Allah SWT Has been Since the beginning and will forever remain. There is no similarity
or likeness to him anyway. Everyone turns to him for all their needs and affairs
- We Humans cant comprehend Allah and his power.
- “There is nothing like him and he is the all hearer, the all seer” (Surah Al Shura Verse
11)
- A Muslim believes in Allah as the most High, supreme and his eternal existence and
that is Allah who’s created the heavens and the earth. He Knows the seen and the
unseen. Nothing is hidden from him
- His Attributes are unique, perfect and singularly His. He’s free from all defects and
deficiencies. He’s the most gracious and most merciful. His Blessings can’t be counted.
- He is the one who splits the grain and the date stone and brings forth to life from the
dead earth
 - “And no moving living creature is there on earth but its provision is due from Allah And he
knows its dwelling place and its deposit. All is in a clear book” Surah Al Hood Verse 6
- Everyone will taste death but Allah SWT, The ever lasting. The master of the day of
judgement. His Decision will be final.

Effects of Tahweed:
- Enables humans to establish a direct link b/w them and Allah
- Saves us from worshipping many false gods
- Belief in tahweed makes a human being humble and modest instead of being proud
and arrogant. It is because belief in one great Allah SWT Implies that his humble
servant and that only modesty befits him
- Submission to One Allah SWT Results in individual Freedom and dignity
- Belief in Allah SWT gives the believer confidence, for he trusts in Allah SWT and
believes that nothing can happen unless Allah SWT wills it
- He never bows his head in homage to any of Allah’s Creations nor does he stretch out
his hands before anyone Else
- He is not overawed by anyones position, wealth or status
- The pride of wealth and power can have no room in a believers heart. It creates an
attitude of peace and contentment, keeps one away from the temptations of resorting
to unfair means of achieving success

Belief In the Angels:

- “Al Birr is the one who believes in Allah, The Last Day, The Angels, The Book, The
Prophets” (Surah Al Baqarah, Verse 177)
- Angels are amongst the most honourable and dignified creations of Allah SWT. They
were created from light and are thus not visible to ordinary people
- The Holy Prophet States: “The angels were created from light, the jinn were created
from smokeless fire and Adam was created from that which has been described to
you” Sahih Muslim
- The angels which been created with wings and are able to travel faster than the speed
of light.
- Unlike human beings and jinns, angels are not endowed with Freewill. They are
absolutely obedient To Allah’s commands and follow them without any hesitation.
- When Allah SWT Commanded the angels to bow down before the Adam A.S, They all
prostrated: “And when we said to the angels: ‘Prostrate yourselves before Adam’ And
they prostrated” Surah Al Baqarah Verse 34
- The angels are believed to strengthen the faith of the believers, seek forgiveness for
them and help them in hours of test
- They were sent in battles of Badr, Ahzaab and Hunain to support the Muslims when
they were attacked by Makkans and their supporting tribes.
- They have the ability to take on different forms
- They are slaves of Allah who obey him without any slackening of their duties, Thus to
worship them or ask them for help is to associate partners with Allah SWT, Which is
Shirk.
- Some of the few Angels Are:
- Jibaeel A.S, Mikaeel A.S, Izraeel A.S, Rizwan A.S, Malik A.S, Israfeel A.S
- Jibraeel A.S is the one of the archangels who was entrusted with conveying the
revelations from Allah to His Messengers from time to time. He is a Noble and
trustworthy being who is obeyed in the heavens. Known as the “Ruh Ul Ameen”. The
Quran Also refers to Jibraeel A.S As The Messenger Because he used to spread
messages.
- “Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His Angels and messengers, To Jibraeel and
Mikaeel, Lo! Allah is an enemy to those who reject Faith” Surah Al Fatah Verse 98
- Mikaeel A.S Is entrusted with the charge of rain, food and dispensing the clouds
whenever Allah SWT Commands him, he does so. He possesses a noble position and
honour and is a helped who does everything he is ordered to, by the command of
Allah SWT. He makes the winds and clouds move as Allah SWT Wishes.
- Rizwan A.S Is The Keeper of Paradise
- Malik A.S Is the Keeper Of hell
- Israfeel A.S Is among the main angels and is entrusted with the blowing of the
trumpet. He will blow the trumpet on the day of judgement, the sound which destroys
and kills everything. When he blows it for the 2nd time, with the order of Allah SWT,
Everyone will come back to Life
- Izraeel A.S is also believed to be one of the archangels whose duty is to take out the
soul of every person and return it to Allah SWT however the Quran Makes It clear that
Only Allah SWT knows when and where each person will be taken by death, thus
making it clear that Izraeel A.S Has no power on his own. Only Allah grants him the
permission & authority to do so.
- “Say the angel of death, who is set over you, will take your souls. Then you Shall Be
Brought to your Lord” Surah Al Sajdah Verse 11
Effects Of Believing in Angels:
- A Person who believes in angels feels grateful To Allah SWT for the blessing that he
made this creation and commanded it to serve us, protect us and seek forgiveness for
us
- The belief that angels are recording our deeds, makes us careful regarding all our
thoughts, words & actions
- The fact that Allah made the angels prostrate before Adam A.S, elevates our status as
human beings and makes us feel responsible towards all our duties
- The fact Allah Sends Jibraeel and all other angels down every night of power (Laila Tul
Qadr) Strengthens our bond with our Creator

Belief In The Divine Books:

- Belief in the divine books is one of the most fundamental beliefs of Islam.
- Allah SWT Has sent his guidance for mankind through his prophets which were guided through
these divine books
- All these divine scriptures carried the same messages example: “There is no god but He,
creator of all things; then worship him and he has power to dispose off all affairs” Surah Al
Anaam Verse 112
- Among the divine scriptures that are known to us, are the following:
- Sahifah (Scrolls) Revealed to Prophet Ibrahim A.S
- The Taurat (Torah) Revealed to Prophet Musa A.S
- The Zaboor (Psalms) revealed to Prophet Dawood A.S
- The injeel (Bible) revealed to Prophet Isa A.S
- The Quran, Revealed to Prophet Muhammad S.A.W
- Among All the Divine scriptures, the Quran is the supreme in the sense that it’s the
final revelation and its teachings are meant to guide and serve the whole humankind,
for all times. Therefore true believer believing in the Quran also Affirms and believes
in all the earlier divine Books
- Although muslims believe in all divine scriptures that were sent to the prophets, only
those parts of them are accepted which are mentioned in the Quran and Ahadiths.
- As for the remaining books that are present and claimed in the form of Torah & Bible
Today, they aren’t accepted since they are No Longer in their original form, since the
time of their inception, proper care was not taken of the pre-quranic scriptures
- People added, altered & deleted their own words.
- That’s one of the main differences between the Quran & The Previous divine Books,
That they are no longer in their original form hence not Truly Authentic
- “We have without doubt sent down the message and we will surely guard it (from
corruption)” Surah Al Hijr, verse 9
- The Quran is the last and final revelation for mankind, preserved since its beginning
and not a single dot or letter has been changed since the time of the holy prophet uptil
now.
 - The Quran talks about Warnings for disbelievers, rewards for the believers, oneness of
Allah SWT, Avoid Corruption and shirk, Deals with justice, interaction among people,
death, hereafter, day of judgement, hell fire, paradise, prophets, angels & many other
things
- The Quran has countless miracles mentioned, astonishing people from different
backgrounds and cultures for centuries and has made many people accept Islam

Effects of belief in the divine books:

- Belief in the divine books makes a believer feel grateful to Allah SWT For the guidance
he has sent for his creations
- Belief in all the divine scriptures makes a person realize that all the prophets brought
the same message that there is no god but Allah SWT, so people must worship Allah
SWT alone and turn away from vices and false worshipping
- Belief in the quran being the eternal source of guidance, helps the believers to be
progressive, and do define new laws confidently, in the light of the Quran

Pillars Of Islam:
- There are five pillars of Islam that are essential components in the lives of Muslims.
- The ones we will be going through are Shahadah (Declaration of Faith) & Sawm (Fasting)

Shahadah (Declaration of faith):

- Basic principle of Islam
- Oundation of islam that differentiates A Muslim from a non muslim
- By Testifying to this declaration, A Person enters to the fold of Islam.
- The Declaration Consists of two statements:-
- “I Testify that verily, there is no god But Allah SWT, Who is one, who has no partners and I
Testify verily, Muhammad S.A.W Is the worshipper and messenger of Allah SWT”
- The above statement is a simple proclamation which summarises the message of Islam and
brings one closer to Allah SWT
- The Arabic word Allah means God But Allah SWT Is incapable of translation. It is a proper noun
par excellence and no plural can be formed from it.
- When saying the Shahadah, we declare Verily Muhammad S.A.W Is the prophet of Allah SWT,
he is the last and final prophet and messenger sent to mankind
- He is the seal of the prophets and messengers and if anyone rejects this belief or says that he
believes in Muhammad S.A.W aswell as in another person who comes after the Holy prophet
as a new prophet or new messenger can never be considered a Muslim
- The First component of Shahadah Is called Tahweed, the point of a shahadah is to testify with
both, the heart and the tongue that there is no god but Allah SWT who alone is worthy of
worship and to be worshipped.
- He alone answers the prayers of those who call upon him and sustains the existence of
everything and that nothing can be compared to him or be like him
- Allah is the possessor of the utmost degree of mercy and compassion
 - When we accept tahweed, we reject all types of shirk & Are believing in monotheism
(believing in one god)
- The 2nd component of the shahadah demands from a believer to proclaim that prophet
Muhammad, like all other messengers was a man chosen by Allah SWT and was aligned to
deliver the last divine message, the Quran and to humankind. He is the perfection of human
conduct aswell as prophethood
- The Quran Says: “And verily, you (Muhammad S.A.W) are on a exalted character” Surah Al
Qalam, Verse 4
- Shirk means to associate partners with Allah SWT and worship them. To Practice idolatry or
polytheism is an unpardonable sin. When a person associates An Attribute of Allah SWT and
His only to any man or anything other than Allah SWT, he commits shirk. Those who practice
shirk are considered Mushrikeen. There are two types of Major categories Of Shirk

Shirk E Akbar (Open polytheism):

- Believing that Allah SWT has a family
- Matching Allah’s attributes and qualities with anything or anyone else
- Worshipping Idols, carving idols and praying to them to even represent Allah is Considered
Shirk E Akbar
- Deeming onself independent and daring to challenge the great and unlimited power of the
creator by refusing to bwo to his commandments
- Limiting the infinity of Allah SWT by associating his power with physical existence
- Worshipping of idols, celestial bodies, offering prayers to anyone dead or living

Shirk E Asghar (Concealed Polytheism):

- Shirk E Asghar is defined as concealed polytheism which means “Show Off”.
- It’s Al Riya, And Riya means to do Ibadat/Worshipping but to show off and please people
instead of the creator
- Allah SWT Made us human beings blessing us with the status Of Ashraf Ul Makhluqaat, the
most superior among all his creations.
- By worshipping other beings, a person debases himself as shirk excluses one completely from
the fold of Islam

Importance of fasting:
- Fasting is the fourth pillar of Islam. Made obligatory in 2 A.H
- Sawm (fasting) generally means to abstain from something. In Shariah, it means to abstain
from food, drinking, smoking and sexual relationship with the spouse from fajr until maghrib
with the intention of doing so for the sake of Allah SWT Only.
- A Muslim must fast during the month of ramadan as its an obligation.
- Ar Rayyan is a gate to paradise, on the day of resurrection it will say “where are those who
fasted” for those who fast ofcourse.
- Fasting is an essential attempt to seek nearness to Allah and to increase one’s piety
- A Muslim must also avoid evil thoughts as much as he can. Fasting also makes us emphasise
with the less fortunate who deal with these struggles on a daily basis.
Effects of fasting:
- Sawm (fasting) is a great way to get your past sins removed
- Strengthens and gets you closer to your creator
- Hellfire is moved away from the believers mind/heart
- We feel what the poors/less fortunate feel and go through on a daily basis
- In The months of ramadan, we all come together as a community and live lives similarly
- Keeps our human mind conscious
- Makes a believer physically, mentally and spiritually fit throughout the year
- Patience is developed
- Our love for Allah SWT Grows and is proven as we show what we do and can do to obey his
commands
- Creates a soft heart within the believer, and unites the Muslim community

Methods of Fasting:
- Suhoor, also known as sehri in some Regions: Is a pre dawn meal taken before the azaan of fajr
because it sustains them and they do not feel fatigued due to lack of food or drink
- Suhoor is encouraged by the prophet as it’s a really good method of trying to avoid eating or
consuming anything at all during the sunrise till maghrib
- The intention to fast Is a necessary act but its not necessary to express intention verbally. Its
permissible to Make the verbal intention but its not necessary as much as your intention is.
- The muslims often break fasts with azaan of maghrib, following the sunnah of breaking the
fast with a fresh or dry date. This time is known as Iftaar.
- It’s a sunnah to immediately break the fast on hearing the Azaan.
- After Iftar and maghrib prayer, the muslims offer specific taraweeh sprayers which are sunnah
for both men and women during the month of Ramadan
- Performed after the obligatory Isha Prayers and before the Witr Rak’aat’s. they should be
prayed in sets of two rak’aats each.