A REPORT ON RURAL

AGRICULTURALWORKEXPERIENCEPR
OGRAMME,2024
A Report presented to College of
Agriculture,under Assam Agricultural
University, Jorhatforfulfillment of the
requirements of
Bachelor of Science (Agriculture)
DegreeProgramme

SUBMITTEDBY-
ANISHA
CHAKRABORTY
Regn.No.2021-AJ-07

CollegeofAgriculture,Jorhat
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat –
785013KrishiVigyanKendra,Dibrugarh
 RURALAGRICULTURALWORKEXPERIEN
CEPROGRAMME
ASSAMAGRICULTURALUNIVERSITY
JORHAT -13

CERTIFICATE
ItisherebytocertifythatAnisha Chakraborty,withRegistrationNo.2021-AJ-
07,afinal year Student of B.Sc. Agri (Hons), Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-
13,have conducted Rural Agricultural Work Experience Programme (RAWEP)
startingfrom 17THAUGUST, 2024 to 21ST DECEMBER, 2024 under the
Supervision of Krishi Vigyan Kendra,Dibrugarh.

ANISHA CHAKRABORTY

Regd.No:

2021-AJ-07

B.Sc(Hons.)Agri,4thyear
 RURALAGRICULTURALWORKEXPERIEN
CEPROGRAMME
ASSAMAGRICULTURALUNIVERSITYJOR
HAT- 13

DECLARATION
It is hereby to certify that Anisha Chakraborty, with Registration No. 2021-AJ-07, a
finalyear student of B.Sc. (Hons) Agri, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13,
haveconducted Rural Agricultural Work Experience Programme (RAWEP) starting
from 17TH AUGUSTto 21STDECEMBER,2024 under thesupervision of KrishiVigyan
Kendra,Dibrugarh.

(Dr.Sanghamitra Sarma) (Dr.Hemchandra Saikia)

ProgrammeSupervisor, SMS Entomology Senior Scientist and I/C Head, KVK

(RAWEP,17th August to 21st December,2024)(RAWEP,17th August to 21st December,2024)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author would hereby like to honour and extend his heartfelt gratitude to
theChairman of the Central Advisory Committee (CAC): Dr. Prasanna Kumar
Pathak,Dean, Faculty of Agriculture; the Convenor of CAC: Dr. Kaushik Das,
Professor,Department of Crop Physiology; members of the monitoring team: Mr.
Diganta Kumar Bora, Associate Professor of Department of Tea Husbandry and
Technology and Mrs. Mousumi Phukan, Assistant Professor of Department of
Entomology, AAU, Jorhat. The author remains thankful to all the members of CAC,
AAU, Jorhat.

The author remains thankful to Dr. Hemchandra Saikia, Senior Scientist and
Head I/C, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dibrugarh forproviding necessary facilities and for
rendering her valuable suggestions. The
authorowesdeepsenseofreverencetotheProgrammeSupervisor,Dr.Sanghomitra Sharma,
Subject Matter Specialist (Plant Protection), Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dibrugarh, for her
valuable guidance,
innovativesuggestions,constructivecriticismandperpetualinspirationthroughouttheentirec
ourseof RAWEP 2024 and preparation of the manuscript. The author takes the pleasure
toacknowledgethehelpofMr. Shantanu Paul (Farm Manager), Mrs. Bondita ________,
, Subject Matter Specialist ___________, Mrs. Sangita Borah, Subject Matter Specialist
(______________), Mrs. Sharmistha Borgohain, Subject Matter Specialist
(______________) and all staff members of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dibrugarhfor
theircooperation and help during thecourseof programme.

The author would also like to extend deepest gratitude to her host farmer, Mr.
Prakhanta Gogoi and his family members along with all the people of the host
village,Romai Kordoibamandalsowould like to express her sincere gratitude to Mr.
Mukul Dutta and Mr. Pranjal ______, our caretaker
andhisfamilyfortheirimmenselove,care, support andco-operation during theentireperiod
ofRAWEP 2024.

Lastly, the author would like to thank her group mates for their never-
endingsupportand love whichmadethe programmetobecherishedfor alifetime.

Date:21/12/202 Kendra,Dibru
Place: Krishi garh, Assam
Vigyan
Thanking
youAnisha
Chakraborty

2021-AJ-07
 ABSTRACT

RuralAgriculturalWorkExperienceProgramme(RAWEP)iscarriedoutintheB.Sc.
(Hons.) Agriculture course as a part of the curriculum. This is conducted to let
thestudents connect to the grass root level of the community so that they can
understandtheneedsandproblemsoftheruralpeopleatthemicrolevel.Theprogrammeisdivi
dedinto five courses, namely: ‘Crop production’, ‘Plant Protection’, ‘Rural
Economics’,‘ExtensionProgramme’
and‘AttachmentwithRARS/KVKandAgroIndustries’.

TheRuralAgricultureWorkExperienceProgrammeiscarriedoutinthe7thsemesterof the
course in which the B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture students are sent to six
differentstations.Intheirrespectivestationstheyaredividedintodifferentgroupsandeachgro
upis assigned a host village. The students of particular host village are allotted one
hostfarmer each. The author completed her RAWEP course in Romai Kordoibam
village underKVK,dibrugarh.

Mr.Prakhanta
Gogoi,apermanentresidentofthehostvillageisafarmerwithlimitedresource, having
different perspective, hopes and aspirations regarding agriculturalbusiness. He is
selected as author’s host farmer. Surveys were carried out to study thedifferent
resources available with the farmer and the problems faced by him in raisingthe crops.
Crops studied were Rice, Tea,Rapseed, Pea, Pumpkin, Brinjal, Lemon, chilli. The
author assessed the differentproblemsfaced by thefarmers and its
managementpractices.

This programme helped the students to integrate the theoretical knowledge into
theactualpracticeandtogatherknowledgeaboutvariousIndigenousTechnicalKnowledge(I
TKs) followed by the farmers. These ITKs can be disseminated to farmers of
otherregionsfortheirbetterment.

Need based Trainings and Method Demonstrations were organized keeping in

mindthe various problems faced by farmers and agricultural scenario of the locality.
This isabilateral practiceinwhich the studentsgained practical knowledgefrom the
experienced farmers and the farmers also came to know about the technological
andscientificenhancementsinthefieldofagriculture.Variousactivitieswerecarriedoutwithfu
llsupport and cooperation from thevillagers.

Roleplayedbythegovernmentinstitutionsinthealleviationofpovertyandtoenhancethe
living standard of rural people through various schemes and policies were alsostudied.
The reason as to why these policies of Government are unable to upgrade
theagriculturaltechnologiesofthehostvillagewasalsoanalyzed.Besidesthese,otheragro-
based industries and the examples of various successful farmers which could act as
therole model for the society as a whole were also acknowledged. Different
institutionsinvolvedindisbursementofagriculturecredittothevillagerswerealsostudiedandd
etailsabouttheir functioning and otherdetailswerealsoanalyzed.

Anisha
Chakraborty,
Author
 CONTENTS

Sl. Chapter
Title PageNo.
No No.

1. I IntroductionandobjectiveofRAWEprogramme 1-8

2. II TheHostFarmer 9-13
TheHost Village
3. III 14-17

DistrictProfile
4. IV 18-27
(Informationregardingdibrugarhdistrict)
CropProduction(RAWEP-415)
a. ComponentI:Croppingpatternandassessmentofava
ilableresources
b. ComponentII:CulturalManagement
5 V c. ComponentIII:NutrientManagementoncrops 28-37
d. ComponentIV:Harvestingandpostharvesto
perations
e. ComponentV:Integratedfarmingsystem(IFS)

PlantProtection[RAWEP-414(I)]
a. Component I: Survey and surveillance of
majorpestsanddiseasecomplexesofthecropsgrownin
the
particularareas
6. VI b. ComponentII:PreparationofInsectpestanddis 38-49
easecalendar
c. Component III: Training or method
demonstrationoncrop protection
measures
d. ComponentIV:Cropprotectionmeasurestakeninthe
host farmerscrop
RuralEconomics(RAWEP-413)
7. VII 50-58
a.ComponentI:Agro-economicsurvey
 b.ComponentII:Farmsurveyandplanning
c.ComponentIII:Familybudgeting

Extension Programme[RAWEP414(II)]
a. ComponentI:Situationanalysisandproblemid
entification
b. ComponentII:On-

8. VIII goingextensionprogrammesandthe 59-69

irimpacts
c. ComponentIII:Disseminationofagriculturalte
chnology
d. Component IV: Participation in
communityactivities.

Attachment with RARS/KVK and

AgroIndustries[RAWEP414(III)]
9 IX 70-78
a. ComponentI:Visittoagrobasedindustries
b. ComponentII:Attachmenttostation

10 X SummaryandConclusion 79-82
Annexure
a)Cropproduction
b)Plantprotection
11 XI 83-190
c)Ruraleconomics
d)Extensionprogramme

d)AttachmentwithAgro-Industries

12. XII Photographicevidences 191-206

13. XIII GlimpseofMagazine 207-209

14. XIV NewsPapercuttings 210-214
 LISTOFTABLES

Table Title PageNo.

No.

2.1 Hostfarmerdetails andhisfamilymembers 12

2.2 Landholdingofthehostfarmer 12

4.1 Districtoverview 21

4.2 Administration Division 22

4.3 EducationalSector 23

4.4 HealthSector 23

4.5 Miscellaneous 23

4.6 DescriptionsofAgro-Climaticzone 24

4.7 WeatherData 24

4.8 Area production and Productivity of 25

MajorCrops

6.1 IndigenousTechnicalKnowhowcollectedfromHostVi 42-44

llage

6.2 DiseaseCalendar 45-46

6.3 PestCalendar 47
7.1 Percentagesharesofdifferentexpenditures 57

8.1 SWOTAnalysis 60-61

8.2 RecordofTrainingand MethodDemonstrations 64-65

9.1 CurrentstaffofKVK 75-76

9.2 ActivitiesofRAWEPstudentswithKVK 77
 LIST OFFIGURES

Figure Page
Title
No. No.

2.1 Authorwith herhost farmer&hiswife 10

2.2 MapofHostfarmer’sfarm 13

3.1 Satellitemapof host village 17

3.2 Villagemapof host village 17

4.1 MapofDibrugarh district 20

5.1 Areaunderdifferentcropsgrown bythehostfarmer. 31

5.2 AnnualRainChartofDibrugarh 32

7.1. Structural distribution of land holdings in 53

thevillage
7.2 Percentageshareof Familyexpenditure 58

8.1 DrawingPRAMap 67

9.1 Flowers atChromaNursery 71

9.2 ProgressiveFertichem 71

9.3. FarmMapofKVK,Dibrugargh 78
 LISTOFPLATES

Plate
Title PageNo.
No.

CourseNo-RAWEP415(CropProduction
1. 217-218

CourseNo-RAWEP 414(I)(PlantProtection)
2. 219-220

CourseNo-RAWEP 413(RuralEconomics)
3. 221-222

Course No- RAWEP 414 (II)

4. (ExtensionProgramme) 223-225

CourseNo-
5. RAWEP414(III)AttachmentwithRARS 226-228
/KVK&Agro-industries

6. Miscellaneous 229-230
CHAPTER-
1INTRODUCTIO
NANDOBJECTIV
EOF RAWEP

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 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTIONTOTHE“RURALAGRICULTURALW
ORKEXPERIENCE PROGRAMME” (RAWEP)

“Agriculture is our wisest pursuit,because it will in the end contribute most

totherealwealth,goodmorals&happiness.”

-ThomasJefferson

HISTORY
The Rural Agricultural Work Experience Programme (RAWEP) has been included as
anintegralcomponentoftheB.Sc.(Agri.)programmesince1980-
81,basedonrecommendationsoftheIndianCouncilofAgriculturalResearch(ICAR)ReviewCo
mmittee and Deans’ Committee (1981). Experience is a process or fact of
personallyobserving, encountering or understanding something. Based on this concept,
RAWEP isdesigned to observe, encounter or undergo personally activities generally as
they occur in
arealcropproductionsystemunderruralsetting.Thisfacilitatesastudenttoacquaintwiththesocio-
economic situation prevailed in our rural environment and involve
himself/herselfintheprocessoflearningandsharpeninghis/herskillsofagriculturalproduction.T
heworkshoponAcademicMattersorganizedbyFacultyofAgriculture,AAUin1987discussedin
detailsthepossibilitiesandsuggestedtheincorporationof‘RAWEP’programme in B.Sc. (Agri)
curriculum of AAU. The Assam Agricultural University
afterthoroughdiscussionwiththeDepartmentofAgriculture,Govt.ofAssam,decidedtoinclude‘
RAWEP’intheundergraduatecurriculumincollaborationwiththeDepartmentofAgriculture.

OBJECTIVESOFTHEPROGRAMME
Experienceisaprocessorfactofpersonallyobserving,encounteringorunderstandingsome
thing. Based on this concept, RAWEP is designed to observe, encounter or
undergopersonallyactivitiesgenerallyastheyoccurinarealcropproductionsystemunderrural

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setting.Thisfacilitatesastudenttoacquaintwiththe socio-economic
situationprevailedinourrural environment.

 Todevelopcommunicationskillsinstudentstodobetteragriculturalextensionwork.
 Tohelpstudentstodeveloprightattitudetowardsfarmingcommunity.
 Tomakestudentsawareofvariousagenciesworkingforruraldevelopment.
 Toprovideanopportunitytostudentstoliveinrura l
areasanddeveloprightperspectiveof rural life.
 Tohelpstudentstogainfirsthandexperienceintheapplicationofagriculturaltechnology
on thefarmer’s field.
 Tomakestudentstounderstandandappreciatetheconstraintsintheapplicationoflatestt
echnologyon thefarmer’sfield.
 Toknowthesentimentofdifferentsocio-
economicalbehaviouroftheruralsocietytobefaced duringtheirworkingperiod.

COMPONENTSOFACTIVITIES

 Appraisal of the bio-physical, ethno-cultural; and socio-economic settings of

theStudy area to gather information on the resource endowments at both
communityandindividual levels.
 Study of Agro-economic situations of the village including bio-diversity,
cropsproductiontechnologyfollowed byfarmers.
 Participation and counselling in the day-to-day farm operations of the host
farmerandotherfarmers ofthevillage.
 Farmplanningandpreparation offamilybudgetsforthehostfarmers.
 Planningandexecution ofextensionProgrammeinthevillage.
 Acquaintancewiththeagricultural andruraldevelopment.

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 RAWEP,2024

AspertheconventionaleducationalcurriculumofB.Sc(Hons)Agriculturedegreeprogramme,2
1studentsofthedisciplineofAgriculturefromCollegeofAgriculture,Jorhat, Biswanath
College of Agriculture and SCS College of Agriculture,Dhubri arrived Romai
Kordoibamon 17th August 2024. The stations were allotted to the host villagesviz,
Phutahula, Nagaon, DongorPothar. Under the programme, all
thestudentstooktheactiveparticipationinallthegroupactivitiesaswellasinotherindividualacti
vities. The author was allotted to the host farmer Mr. Prakhanta Gogoi, a farmer
ofvillagePhutahula.

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 THEAGRICULTURALSECTORINASSAM:IT
’SIMPORTANCE

INTRODUCTION
Agricultureisthelargestprivateenterprisethathasbeenandwillcontinuetobethelifelineoftheco
untry’seconomyandemploymentintheforeseeablefuture.MahatmaGandhisaid“Indian
economy lives in villages” and many of the industrial sector are getting the rawmaterials
from agricultural sector. The share of agriculture in the national GDP has
gonedown3timessinceindependenceyetmorethanhalfofourpopulationcontinuestodependfo
rlivelihood on agriculture.

WhilemostotherstatesinIndiaaregraduallymovingawayfromtheirtraditionalagriculture-
based economy toward industry or service-oriented economy, Assam is
stillheavilydependentontheagriculturalsector.ComparedtomostotherstatesinIndia,Assamisc
onsideredalessdevelopedstate,whichdepictsagloomypicturetheeconomicconditionofthestat
egiventhat Indiaisconsideredalessdevelopedcountry(LDC).Whilethesocio-political
problems afflicting the state since the last few decades are partly to blame for alack of
conducive environment for economic development of the state, particularly inindustry or
service-oriented areas, there are various economic reasons
(e.g.,fragmentedland)responsible forthelaggingagricultural sector inthestate.

IMPORTANCEOFAGRICULTUREINTHESTATEECONOMY

Assam's economy is fundamentally based on agriculture. Over 70 percent of the

state'spopulation relies on agriculture as farmers, as agricultural laborers, or both for
theirlivelihood. A majority of state's population, almost 70 percent in 2011, live in rural
areaswhere the mainstay of business is production agriculture. In terms of the state
domesticproduct (SDP), the agriculture sector contributed over 38 percent of the state
income in2010-11.

Assam produces both food and cash crops. The principal food crops produced in the
stateare rice (paddy), maize (corn), pulses, potato, wheat, etc., while the principal cash
cropsaretea,jute,oilseeds,sugarcane,cotton,andtobacco.Althoughriceisthe mostimportant

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and staple crop of Assam, its productivity over the years has not increased while
othercropshaveseenaslightrise in both productivityand land acreage.

Continuing to rely on the seasonal monsoon for the necessary water for cultivation
isanother characteristic of farming in Assam. As a result, potential exists for severe
cropfailure and consequent economic disaster. To avert such possible catastrophe, it will
benecessary to equip the state with irrigation facilities, perhaps in selected areas first, due
tothecost factor.

MAINPROBLEMSOFAGRICULTURALDEVELOPMENTINASS
AM

Agriculturaldevelopmentproblemsandeconomicdevelopmentproblemsgohand-in-
handinAssam.Thus,whilemostofthedevelopmentproblemsdiscussedbelowareagriculture-
related, some of these are also related to the economic development problems in
Assam.In addition to some of the major problems already discussed in Section I above
(thus
willnotberepeatedhere),suchaslandfragmentation,lackofmoderntechnology,orcontinuedrel
ianceonrainforirrigation,thereareseveralotherproblemsthathinderthedevelopmentof
agricultural sector in Assam. Identification of such problems should facilitate
findingtheirremedial measures.

(1) Natural calamities: Floods and dry spells are the principal natural disasters faced
byfarmersin Assam everyyear.

(2) Capitaldeficiency:Commercialcapital,i.e.,loansfrombanksorothercreditagencies,is not

generally accessible to farmers in Assam. As a result, borrowing from
unscrupulouslenders,whoarenotregulatedbythestate,atanextremelyhighinterest
rateiscommoninthe state.

(3) Marketing problems: Agricultural markets in Assam are under-developed.

Farmerssell to the nearest dealer/buyers, mostly immediately after harvesting when the
price is atthe lowest, instead of trying to find the best market for their products.
Geographicalisolation,weaktransportationandcommunicationsystems,poormarketingfacili
ties,pooror non-existent market intelligence (e.g., information on price and place to sell)
are someoftheprincipal marketing-related problems.
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(4) Research and development (R&D): The Assam government started allocating
fundsspecifically for research and development only since the sixth five-year plan with
anamount equal to 0.06 percent of the total outlay of Rs. 11.2 billion. It is encouraging
tonote that such outlays were increased to 0.2 percent in the seventh plan and to 0.5
percentin the eighth plan. However, it is not known how much of this R&D outlay is
spent toimprove agricultural productivity in the state, or how much of the total R&D
output hasreached farmers. An assessment of the impact of past and current R&D in the
state wouldprovideanswers to suchquestions.

(5) Land reform: Although the intent of land reform may have been to distribute land
toall eligible landless citizens of the state, it resulted in increased
landfragmentation,discourageduseofmodernandefficientproductiontechnology,andincreas
edbureaucracyandcorruption.

(6) Non-economic Factors: Lack of education, ignorance about the changing

economicconditions,out-
datedthinking,prejudicedculturalvalues,disturbedlawandordersituation, and lack of
scrupulous legislative and administrative machinery are some of theprincipalnon-
economicfactors thathinderagricultural development in Assam.

CONCLUDINGREMARKS

Reflecting the characteristics of a typical economy, the economy of Assam is

acutelydependent on the agricultural sector. Various economic as well as socio-political
factorsareresponsibleforthecontinuedlackofgrowthanddevelopmentofthissector.Inaddition,
ineffectiveorinefficientgovernmentprogramsalsocontributetothissector'slackofgrowth.

Amidst continued problems, there is hope for the future. There is potential for agri-
foodindustries that use primary agricultural products as their raw materials, e.g., fruits
andvegetable processing industry, sugarcane refining, tea industry, and jute industry.
Suchgrowthinthesecondaryandrelatedtertiarysectors(e.g.,packaging,shipping,transportatio
n, etc.) will not only benefit the primary agriculture tremendously, but
alsoreducegrowingunemploymentandprovidethemuchneededrevenuetothestategovernmen
t.Inamarketeconomy,privateentrepreneursgenerallywouldtaketheinitiativetoestablishsuchs
econdary(andtertiary)industries,supportedbycommercialcredit
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sources. However, a lack of entrepreneurial and managerial talent, a lack of
adequatecapital, poor economic infrastructures, government bureaucracy, and continued
political-administrative unrest would discourage any would-be investor. It can be argued
that thestate should step in to fill the gap which is left unfulfilled by the private sector.
However,giventhepoorperformanceofstate-
ownedenterprises,thestrategyofgovernmentinvolvementinbusinessmustbechanged.Forinst
ance,insteadofownershipandmanagementofbusinessesusingstate-
runcorporations,jointventureswithprivate,includingforeign, investors
maybeeconomicallybeneficial.

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 CHAPTER
IITHE HOST
FARMER

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 .CHAPTER2

THE HOST FARMER

FIG2.1:AUTHORWITHHERHOSTFARMER.

Mr Prasanta Gogoi, a prominent resident of Phutahula, Dibrugarh district, wasalloted

as author's host farmer. He is 48years old and he studied up to Metric.He
wasverykindheartedandalsoveryhardworking.Hisoccupationisfarming.Therearefore members
in his family including his wife Mrs. Jima Gogoi 38 years old, hiselder son Udipta Gogoi (15
years)and his younger son ToinujProtim (9years). He was residing in an Assam type kuchha
house with permanent roof. He is mainlyinvolved in farming operation as his main
occupation.

As a farmer, he had total 9 bigha of land holding, of which totaloperational land holding is 5
bigha where he grew different crops throughout the year, insame or different plots of land. The
host farmer cultivated Rice: Bora, Joha, Lahi, Sali, Tea, Pea, Pumkin, Rapseed as main crops
 and grows Lemon, Chilli, Brinjal, coriander for his own consumption as kitchen garden. There
residential area is of 1 bigha.

Area under homestead is 6 bigha. The kitchen garden is of 2 kotha. Just outside his residential
campus,where he grew cropforhomeconsumption.He owned a milch cow from which he got
milkfor home consumption. He had a fisherypondwhich is not used for this current year.

From the whole observation, both in his field and home, the author noted
muchinformation regarding his field, strengths and weakness in his farm. Firstly, the author
noticed that the farmer was facing problems in his field due to insects in tea and rice.He faced
problems due in growing rapseed due to problem of rainfall. And as his farming is largely
dependent on rainfall due to lack of irrigation facilities so that was also a problem. Earthworm
also faced problems in banana and cabbage and cauliflower. The host farmer from his
experience and considering the author’s suggestions, tried tominimize thoseproblems
whichgavesomepositiveresults in hisfield satisfactorily.

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 It had been a pleasure for the author working with her host farmer. His interest
inlearningnewandinnovativetechniquesoffarminginspiredtheauthortodeliverandexcelinallt
heactivitiesduringtheprogramme.Atthesametime,hetaughttheauthormanynewthings which
can never be learnt in a conventional classroom. The relationship betweenthe host farmer
and the author was cordial and the farmer tried his best to get informationso that he can
make progress. He also helped the author a lot in collecting information
relatedtohisannexuresandinvariousactivitiesthattheyhadtoperforminthehostvillage,asper
theRAWEPactivities concerned.

DETAILSOFTHEHOSTFARMER:

1. NameoftheHostFarmer: -:Mr.Prasanta Gogoi

2. AddressoftheHost Farmer:-:Phutahula,

P.O-Phutahula,Lahowal, Dibrugarh.786010

3. AgeoftheHostFarmer:-:48 Years

4. EducationalQualification:-:10thpass

5. MainOccupation:-:Farming

6. Net annual Income: Rs 2,00000

7. Occupational Status: Farmer

8. House structure: Kachha house with permanent roof

9. Land Holdings: 9 Bigha

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 Table:2.1Hostfarmerdetailsandhisfamilymembers

NAME AGE RELATIONSHIP OCCUPATION REMARK

TO THE HEAD (NAME AND
ANNUAL
INCOME)
PRASANTA 48 HEAD FARMING INDEPENDE-
GOGOI YEARS NT
JIMA GOGOI 38 WIFE HOUSE WIFE DEPENDENT
YEARS
UDIPTA 15 ELDER SON STUDENT DEPENDENT
GOGOI YEARS
TOINUJ 9 YEARS YOUNGER SON STUDENT DEPENDENT
PROTIM

Table:2.2Landholdingofthehostfarmer
Particulars Areain (ha)

Ownedland 2.2575 ha

Rice and tea field 1.50502 ha (rice)

0.75251 ha (tea)

KitchenGarden 0.025 ha

Rapseed, Pea and Pumpkin 20.0670 ha

(grows with 2 other farmers jointly)

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 House map

ROAD

KITCHEN GARDEN
POULT-
RY

HOUSE
Storage DUCK

Kitchen Garden

13|Page
 CHAPTERIII
THEHOSTVILLAGE

14|P ag e
 CHAPTER 3
THE HOST VILLAGE
The host village hat was allotted to the author was Phutahula. It was located in
Dibrugarh east sub division of Dibrugarh district in Assam, India. It was situated 17 km
away from district headquaters and 4 km from KVK, Romai Kordoibam, Dibrugarh..
Romai Panchayat was the gram panchayat of Phutahula.The residents of the village
belong to Assamese and Motok community.

The total geographical area of the village was 309.61 hectares. The host village had
total population of 1249 people, out of which male female= 665:584. At the time of
COVID 19 many people were dying in 2021 census, the total Literacy Rate of Phutahula
was 55.96% out of which 58.80% males and 52.74% females were literate. There were
about 972 houses in Phutahula village. Dibrugarh was the nearest town to the host village
for all major economic activities. Aroti Chetia was the Panchayat President of Phutahula
Village and the Gaon bura is Mr. Suman Gohain.

The primary source of livelihood for majority of the villagers was agriculture.
Among the crops, field crops such as Sali rice, Mustard, Potato, Cole crops
(such as Cabbage, Cauliflower, Knolkhol, Broccoli etc.) ,Cucurbitaceous crops
(such as Bottle Gourd, Ridge Gourd, Bitter Gourd, Cucumber etc.) Pumpkin, Brinjal,
Chilli, Capsicum, Okra and horticultural crops like Areca Nut, lemon, banana, Coconut, etc.
etc. were grown,
Double cropping system was prevalent in the village by growing sequential crops and from
this it can be said that the farmers had the knowledge of cropping intensity. Improved
machineries like power tillers for land preparation, power operated irrigation and many other
types of equipment wereused. Although farmers lacked proper knowledge regarding
scientific application of fertilizer doses and pesticides, they practiced various ITK's against
insect- pests and diseases attack Fields were irrigated by pump sets fueled by kerosene.

Various programmes and training were given to the farmers by KVK, Dibrugarh. The
farmers sold their produce weekly at Ghuramora Market |(5 km) every Tuesday and
Sunday and it inerant merchant The village was well connected with motor able roads
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and they marketed goods for home consumption from the daily market. The main |religion
followed in Phutahula was Hinduism. The villagers actively took part in the social as well
as various religious functions.

Low labour intensive agro-based industries would be possible in the village if

efforts were made to improve the economic status of the village.There was absence of
rice mill and wood/Imber mill was in the village. The Government Institutions like KVK
was active inthe village. Name of the DAO is Sri Anup Kr Pegu. The village had 1
Anganwadi Kendra, 24 SHGs and 4 schools. The village had nearest 3 FPC and 1
Allahabad bank, Gaolia bank, SBI, Bandhan bank, CSE Centre branches in Ghuramora.

InformationregardingtheHostVillage:

 Name of the village: Phutahula

 Address: Phutahula, P.O: Phutahula, PIN: 786010

 Development block: Lahowal

 Total area: 309.61ha

 Total no. household: 972

 Totalpopulation: 1249 (Male: 665, Female: 584)

 Sex ratio (male:female): 114

 Institute: 2 Primary schools, 1 ME and 1 High school (semi-government)

 Religious places: Namghar 1

 Topography: Lowland

 Distance from District Headquaters: 17 km

 Distance from Block Office:1km

 Nearest Post Office :1km

 Bus Stand: Lahowal

16|P age
  Name & Distance of Research Station: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Romai
Kordoibam, Dibrugarh (4 km)
 Nearest Bus Station:1 kms
 Nearest Godown/Warehouse :NIL
 Nearest Commercial Bank/RRB: State Bank of India (16km),Assam
Gramin Bank (15km), Allahabad bank(16 km)
 Nearest Wholesale & Retail Market: Ghuramora
 Name of Govt. Dept./ NGO providing Services to the Village: Krishi Vigyan
Kendra, Dibrugarh, District Agricultural office, Block Development Office,
Gaon Panchayat etc.
 Name of the ADO: Miss Sukanya Gogoi, Mobile no. 8438758118
 Name of DAO: Sri Anup Kr Pegu
 Name and mobile of AEA: Mr. Bipul Deka
 Literacy Rate of Phutahula Villahge: 55.96% of which 58.80% males and
52.74% females.
 Major crops cultivated in the village: Sali rice, Mustard, Potato, Cole crops
(such as Cabbage, Cauliflower, Knolkhol, Broccoli etc.) , Cucurbitaceous crops
(such as Bottle Gourd, Ridge Gourd, Bitter Gourd, Cucumber etc.) Pumpkin,
Brinjal, Chilli, Capsicum, Okra and horticultural crops like Areca Nut, lemon,
banana, Coconut, etc.
 No. of Agro-based Industry: 1 Tea Industry.

FIG:3.1SATELLITEMAP OF PHUTAHULA FIG:3.2 VILLAGE MAP OF

17|P ag e

19|Page
CHAPTER IV
DIBRUGARH
DISTRICT
PROFILE

20|Page
18|P age
 DISTRICT PROFILE OF DIBRUGARH DISTRICT

Dibrugarh is an administrative district in the state of Assam. The district headquarters are
located within the city of Dibrugarh, which the district itself is named for. The district is
surrounded by Dhemaji district and a part of Lakhimpur district in the north, part of
Sivasagar district and Arunachal Pradesh in the south, Tinsukia district in the East and
Sivasagar district in the West. The district occupies an area of 3381 Sq. Km, theRiver
Brahmaputra flows throughout the Northwestern boundary of the district. The only tributary
falling at Brahmaputra in the district is Buridihing tributary which divided the district from
East to West. It touches the town Naharkatia in the East, Khowang in the middle and at the
last part of its course forms the boundary line between Dibrugarh and Sivasagar districts. The
Dibrugarh district is a plain district of Assam. The entire is flat with gradual slop from the
East Arunachal hills to the West. The soil of the district is mostly fertile alluvial soil and this
adjourning with the river Brahmaputra are composed sand and clay in varying proportion.
Dibrugarh town is the district headquarter, situated on the southern bank of the Brahmaputra,
it is connected by broad gauge railway line of N.F. Railway to the rest of the state and the
country through Tinsukia. The N.H.-37 is the major road running through the district.
Mohanbari Airport is located at about 16 KM from Dibrugarh town, which serves the Upper
Assam district of Dibrugarh, Tinsukia and Sivasagar and Arunachal Pradesh and is linked
with Guwahati, Kolkata, and Delhi. Besides, the Air force field at Chabua at about 25 KM
from Dibrugarh is also used for air link with other important towns of the Northeast and
Kolkata. Oil and Tea are the major industries of the district.

HISTORY-
Dibrugarh derived its name from Dibarumukh (as a renowned encampment of Ahom’s
during the Ahom-Chutia war). Dibarumukh was a renowned encampment of the Ahom
Kingdom during the Ahom- Chutia conflict. It was part of the Chutia Kingdom until
coming under Ahom control in the year 1523 AD, after that Suhungmung placed an
official named ChaolungShulung to control the region. Dibrugarh became a separate
district when it was split from Lakhimpur on 2 October 1971. On 1 October 1989 Tinsukia
District was split from Dibrugarh.

GEOGRAPHY-
Dibrugarh district occupies an area of 3,381 square kilometers (1,305 sq mi). The
Dibrugarh district extends from 27° 5' 38" N to 27° 42' 30" N latitude and 94°33'46"E to
95°29'8"E longitude. It is bounded by Dhemaji district on the north, Tinsukia district on the
east, Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh on the south-east and Sibsagar district on the north
and south-west. The area stretches from the north bank of the Brahmaputra, which flows for
a length of 95 km through the northern margin of the district, to the Patkai foothills on the
south. The BurhiDihing, a major tributary of the Brahmaputra with its network of tributaries
and wetlands flows through the district from east to west. There is a large tract of Tropical
Rainforest in its eastern and southern regions, which is a part of the DehingPatkai wildlife
sanctuary.

Fig 4- Map of Dibrugarh district

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 Table4.1-DISTRICTOVERVIEW:

District Dibrugargh

State Assam

TotalArea 338100 Ha

TotalPopulation 13,26,335

Scheduledcaste 4.44%(58,876)

Scheduledtribe 7.76% (102,871)

Male 6,76,434

Female 6,49,901

Density 390/ square km

TotalSubdivision 7

TotalVillages 1,362

Literacyrate 76.22%

LeadBank Punjab National Bank

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Table4.2–AdministrationDivision
Nameofthe Dibrugarh
District
Head Quarter Head Quarter

Number of revenue Number of revenue circle

circle

Number of towns Number of towns

Town committee Town committee

Municipality board Municipality board

Number of Number of development block

development block
Gaon panchayat Gaon panchayat

Anchalik panchayat Anchalik panchayat

Zila parishad Zila parishad

Number of police Number of police station

station

Number of village Number of village

Inhabited village Inhabited village

22|P age
 Table4.3:EDUCATIONSECTOR

Medical college 1

Polytechnic 1

college 14

Number of secondary schools Number of University

TABLE4.4 :HEALTH SECTOR

NumberofCivil Hospitals 1

NumberofPHCs 30

Number of Community 7
HealthCenters

NumberofHealthSubCentres 231

NumberofPrivateHospitals -

TABLE4.5:MISCELLANEOUS
NumberofBanks 20
 Major Railway Dibrugarh railway station (DBRG)
Station(Nearest And Dibrugarh town railway station
) (DBRT)
Airport(Nearest) Dibrugarh
Airport
MajorRivers Brahmaputra,Burhidihing, Disang, Dibru, Sessa and
lekhijan
NumberofTeaGardens 144

MajorIndustry Tea and Oil

PlaceofTourist Attraction Sri Jagannath temple, Jeypore Rainforest, Dehing

Patkai National PARK, DU Park, Radha Krishna
mandir, Bogibeel Bridge, Bakhikhowa Maidam,
Dehing Satra.
23|P ag e
Fertilizer Consumption of Dibrugarh District:
Total Fertilizer Consumption in the District in MT:
Year Consumption in terms of Urea, SSP & Total Gross Per Ha
MOP
Cropped consumpt
(MT)
Urea SSP MOP Area ion
(Ha)
(Kg)
2022 402
29533 20987 8283 58803 146263
-23

Season wise consumption of Fertilizer in MT:

Year
Kharif season

Urea SSP MOP Total

2022- 16188 12037 4912

33137
23
Rabi season

13345 8950 3371 25666

1.9 Government Seeds Farm under District Agriculture Office, Dibrugarh:

 farm
under
ASCL
Pavajan Seed 13.3 13,3 Kathalguri, Under
Farm Dibrugarh constructio
2 n

Bokul Seed Lahowal,

3 Dibrugarh
Farm

24|P ag e
 TABLE 4.8: AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF
MAJORCROPSCULTIVATED INTHE DISTRICT (FY: 2023-24)

Sl.N Crop Area(ha) Production( Productivity

o Kg/Ha) (MT/ha)

1. RICE

2. MAIZE 375 1606 602.25

3. BLACK GRAM 1185 773 916.01

4. GREEN GRAM 375 732 274.5

5. PEA 1382 609 842

6. ARAHAR 81 800 64.8

7. CHICK PEA 452 1200 562.4

8. BANANA 761 16513. 21700.00

70
9. PINEAPPLE 102 1467.56 14387.86

10. PAPAYA 150 2309.43 15396.23

11. LEMON 285 170 596.49

12. ARECANUT 1554 4973 3200.13

13. COCONUT 85 155 1823.53

14. OIL PALM 41 - -

15. ORANGE 49 637 13000.00

16. POTATO 165 10477. 6349.85

0 25
17. SWEET POTATO 119 1787 15016.81

18. TAPIOCA 10 216 21600.00

19. CHILLI 300 1260 4199.34

20. TURMERIC 300 4319 14397.35

21. GINGER 173 1487 8594.29

22. BLACK PEPPER 75 19.88 265.07
23. KHARIF 203 14044 6911.42
VEGETABLES 2
24. RABI 768 58544.33 7618.00
VEGETABLES 5
27|P ag e
 CHAPTER
VCOURSE
NO.:RAWEP-
415COURSE TITLE-
CROPPRODUCTION

28|P ag e
 CHAPTER-5
CROP
PRODUCTION

Introduction

Crop productionis aboutthe cropping patternandassessmentof the

availableresources, cultural management practices, nutrient management on crops,
harvesting andpost-
harvestoperationsandintegratedfarmingpracticesorIntegratedFarmingSystemthatare
practiced in a farmer’s field or in a locality that are adopted or practiced to grow asingle
or multiple crop in a season or a year. It is the cultivation practice in a farm or in
alocalitythat arefollowedto growacropinaunitareatogeta maximumyield.

Therearefivecomponents undercropproduction.Theyare:

i)Croppingpatternandassessmentofavailableresources.

a) Toacquireknowledgeaboutthecroppinghistoryandnaturalresourcesavailableinthefarmer
’sfield orin thelocalityand selectionoflandforthechosen crop(s).

b)Togain knowledgeabouttheproblems andprospectsofraisingtheselected crop(s).

ii)CulturalManagement.

a) Tonotedowntheculturaloperationsundertakenby
thefarmersfromthelandpreparation to harvesting otherthan nutrient
management.

iii)NutrientManagementoncrops.

a) Torecordthesource, typeand rateofnutrientsapplied.

b) Tonotetimeandmethodsof application.

c)Toobservetheresponse ofcropstoappliedmanuresandfertilizers.

iv)Harvestingandpostharvestoperations.

a)Tostudythemethodofharvesting,transportationsandpostharvestoperationsincludin
gstorageand valueaddition.
29|P age
v) IntegratedFarmingSystem(IFS).

a) TostudythevariouscomponentsofIFSandtheirscopeforinclusioninthatlocality.

COMPONENT I:
CROPPING PATTERN AND ASSESSMENT
OFAVAILABLE RESOURES
Cropping Pattern is the list of crops growing on the same piece of land in
sequencewithin the calendar year. Assessing the cropping pattern and available resources
of
thefarmerwillhelpinobtainingthecroppinghistoryandnaturalresourcesofthefarmerwhichwill
help in finding possible ways to intervene in order to help the farmer in
derivingbenefitfrom theavailable resources.

The cropping history of the farmer was being studied and was found that he used
tocultivatedifferenttypesofcropstoprovidediversefoodforhisfamily.Heusedtocultivateboth
Kharif and Rabi crops. As for the natural resources, it wasconvincing that
hepossessedamanageablelandareaandhaddiverseenterprises(crop&homesteadgarden),whi
chhelpedhimincultivationprocessanditmaybeusedforinclusionofotherenterprises
(mentioned in the alternative farm plan in rural economics). The soil of thevillage was
especially tested in laboratory earlier as informed by the farmer and found tobeSandy-
loam and its suitable forriceand vegetablescultivation.

Theauthorfirstlysurveyedthe hostfarmer’sfield andfound

thathemostlydependentonrainfallforcultivation.Inthefield,farmersdidnotadoptmuchsoiland
waterconservation measures but did used soil amendments. Other intercultural operations
likemanualweeding,earthingup,anduseofdifferentITK’swerevisibleinthefarmers’field.

The host farmer Mr. Madhuram Nath used to cultivate different rice varieties like-
Mahsuri, Ranjit, local varieties(Bas).etc during kharif season, and during Rabi season
hecultivatedToriaetc.

30|P age
 Heprocuredhighyieldingandlocalseedsofthecultivatedcropsfromdifferentsourceslike-
StateAgriculturaldepartment,KrishiVigyanKendraundertheactivitiesandschemesof the
respective departments & bought good quality seeds from local market. He
alsopracticedthe cultivationof different local varieties foundinthe locality.

Lastly the survey conducted was on his homestead garden, the land holding is
0.13ha.Therehegrewlemon,okra,and manyleafyvegetables.

0.35
Sales
2%1% 0.67
0.1
4%
7%

Rice
King
chilliPota
0.67
toTomat
o

Rice Toria Vegetables Maize

FIG5.1:AREAUNDERDIFFERENTCROPS GROWNBYTHEFARMER

WeatherObservation:

Weather data of a particular location is always necessary to be taken as agricultural

cropstotally depend upon the environmental conditions like rainy days, bright sunshine
hoursandtemperature.Theimportanceofweatherforecastinagricultureismuchmoreasithelpsf
or suitable farm planning. It helps in taking up field operations like irrigation,
fertilizerapplication;harvesting.Ithasalsoimportanceintransportationandstorageoffoodgrain
s.

31|P age
 Fig.5.2.AnnualRainchartofAssam

COMPONENT II
CULTURALMANAGEMENT
Activitiesoroperationsthatwereusuallycarriedoutinraisingfieldcropsfromlandprepar
ationtoharvestingotherthannutrientmanagementareCulturalmanagement.Thefarmer
hadgrowntoriaandriceasmaincrop.Farmersgenerallyused toboughtseed from Agro-
shops from local market, they also usedtheir own savings as seedsbut sometimes
they do collected planting materials from KVKDibrugarh. Someseeds were
generally used from previous year harvest. The vegetables seeds
weresownonnurserybed beforehandon1stweekofNovemberandTransplanting

32|P ag e
was completed by end of December. No seed treatment was followed in any crop
asmentioned by host farmer. Weeding was done manually as when it was required
Weedingwasdonegenerallywhenitwasrequired.MostprevalentweedswereMonochoriavagi
nalis, Sagitariaguyayanensis, and Cyperus sp., Ageratum spp., Oxalis
corymbosa,Cyperussppetc.

Weeding was done using hand hoe and traditional method (walking in between
thecrop rows) during early vegetative stages but neglected during later stages. He didn`t
useanyherbicideforcontrollingweed.Thinningandgapfillingwasdonebyhimasandwhenrequi
red. Irrigation was done during differentcrop growth stages by him. There was
noprovision of irrigation pump in his Rabi field. Hence it was the main drawback in
crop.Drainagewas providedbetween the plots.Thecultivation practices forRice:

Rice:
Source:BoughtSeedfromMarket
Cultivar:BoroRice,LocalVar.29
Seed treatment:Seedsaresoakedin waterovernight kept undertheshadeandcoverit.
Dateofsowing:ItstartedfromDecemberandJanuary
Date of transplanting: It was done in February. The work was not continuous as
labourwasnot availableeveryday.
Seedrate:Theseedrate hefollowedwas3q/bigha.
Methodofsowing/
planting:Fornurserybed,seedswerebroadcasted.Traditionalmethodwasadopted while
transplanting. Thefarmer doesnot followline sowing.
Weed control: The farmer has done hand weeding in his Rice plot. The weed
intensitiesat different stages were recorded. The common weeds observed were - Cyperus
spp,Echinocloacrusgallietc. Other weeds found in vegetable crops was mainly
Cynodondactylon,Cyperusiria,Chenopodiumalbumetc.Weedingwasdoneinriceusingtraditi
onalmethod (walkingin between thecroprows).
Irrigation:Rainfed
Weed intensity (m-2) at different stages of crop growth of
riceEarlyTillering :18/m²
Maximum2Tillering:20/m²
Flowering:26/m²
Maturity:35/m²
33|P age
 COMPONENTIII:

NUTRIENTMANAGEMENTONCROPS
From the surveys conducted it was noticed that nutrient management of the
cropswerenotaccordingtotherecommendedone.ThefarmerMr.MadhuramNathknowsaboutt
he importance of Organic manures and Fertilizer in a crop but lacks knowledge
regardngtherecommendeddosesof fertilizerand splitdosesand
thepropermanagementpractice.

As told by him, during kharif season in the rice field, nutrient management of
thecrop was done by DAP- 110 kg/ha, MOP – 78 kg/ha as basal dose. He applied 85
kg/ha ofUrea as top dressing.

For vegetables he used cowdung along with FYM in kitchen garden. Now-a-
dayspeople were involved in production of vermicompost &vermiwash also. These were
alsoused to supply nutrition to plants. Soil amendments were not used duringthe period
ofobservation.

COMPONENTIV:
HARVESTINGANDPOSTHARVESTING
OPERATION
Harvestingistheoperationofgatheringtheusefulpartorpartsoftheplantandiscarriedoutatth
etimewhenallthenutrientshavedevelopedandtheediblepartshavereachedtheappropriate
degree of maturity. Harvesting was done as per harvest indices of
differentcrops.Afterthesymptomsofmaturitywereobserved,thefarmerusedtoharvestthecrop
s.Alltheharvestingmethods weredoneon manual basis.

Except for rice, which was harvested and stored in traditional storehouse known
asBhoralorgunnybags,noneofthevegetablecropsarestored,processedordried.CycleorThelaa
rethemost commonmodesoftransportationsandaresoldatthelocalmarketwithasickleor
uprooted.

34|P age
 1. Rice: In Rice, when both the panicle and the grain turn golden colour, the
farmerharveststhecropbycuttingitwithsickleveryclosetotheground.Thenitwastransportedto
the store house using a pushing cart (“Thela”). The grains were threshed by
tramplingunder feet (manually) and dried under the Sun. They were stored in jute bags as
they arebetterthanplasticbags,havingmoreabsorbingcapacity,
thusresistingrottinganddiseaseattack.

2. Toria :When the parts turn yellowish brown, harvest the crop since it is liable
toshattering. They are sun dried They are stored in the gunny bags and then kept
forstorage as seeds or sent to mills for the purpose of oil extraction. There are oil
mills inthe adjacent towns or villages. The local toria oil is very popular among the
villagepeople.

COMPONENT V:
INTEGRATEDFARMINGSYSTEM (IFS)
Anintegratedfarmingsystemensurestherecyclingoffarmwastes.Wastesgeneratedfrom
one component acts as the input to anothercomponent. It results in increasedproductivity
and the sustainability of the farm enterprise. The author’s host farmer has asmall
integration among different components of his farm. The dung from the cattle
shedwereusedasmanuretothecropfieldandthecropstubbles,paddyhuskswereusedasfeedforc
attle.

Integratedfarmingsystemallowsintegratingthedifferentproductionsystemlikedairy,poult
ry, fishery, etc. with crop. These components are interdependent. An IFS helps toincrease
the farm resources use efficiency for increasing farm income. The differentcomponents in
the farm were field crops and livestock enterprise viz., dairy, poultry andfishery.
Although the farmer lacks knowledge about the benefits of Integrated
FarmingSystem,heutilizes the resources well like:

• Thecowdungisstoredanddriedforfurtherapplicationinthefieldasfarmyardmanure(FYM).

35|P ag e
• Thestraworriceleftoveris usedasafeed forthelivestock.

• Uneconomicalplantpartswereusedalsousedasfeedforthelivestock.

Possibleinterventionandprofit:

 Fishcouldberearedinthepond andthiswouldincreaseonecomponent(fish).

 Thepondembankmentscouldbeusedforplantingforagecropsandalso
horticulturalcropsin thewasteland like citrus, banana,guava.

 Theduckery shedcouldbeconstructed overthepond nearthe embankmentsso

thattheexcretaofthe duckscanbeused asfeed forthe fishes.

 AJersycoworCrossBreedmilchcouldberearedinstead oflocalbreedwhichwouldgivean
extraincome(bysellingmilk).

 Multistoriedcroppingaswellas
doublecroppingcouldbedonethatwillprovidemoreincomefrom small area.

 Azollacultivationcanbeincorporatedinthericefields.

 The farmer can also start banana plantation in his homestead garden. The
pseudostemof banana can be used for vermicompsting whereas the leaves of banana
plants can beusedas mulchingmaterial.

 Plantingofturmericandgingeras anintercropwasalsosuggestedtothefarmer.

Conclusion:

From all the above survey conducted, it is clear that the farmer is still following
histraditional package of cultivation, without applying any improved package of practice
inhis farm. The farmer had got a diversified natural resource for cultivation of many
cropsin a year and gain benefit from it. The cropping pattern that he follows is also
satisfactorybut what he needed to do is improving or adopting scientific cultivation
practice to getmore yield and return. The farmer should also use the recommended dose
of fertilizers inthe crops to get maximum yield from it. The author appreciated the farmer
in the regardthatherespondedverykeenlyto adoptthesystem ofbiointensiveraisedbed
forhomestedgarden.

36|P age
CropproductionbytheRAWEProgrammestudents:
RAWEP students in Raja Mayong village worked on crop production activities
rangingfrom keeping different horticultural crops and field vegetative growth stages
throughharvesting. The author and village members engaged in a variety of crop
productioninitiavtives, including

1. FieldpreparationforRice.
2. SowingofRiceseedsand watermelonseeds.
3. WeedingandearthingupoftoriaandRice
4. HarvestingofToria

37|P age
 CHAPTER
VICOURSE
NO.:RAWEP414
COURSE
TITLE:
PLANTPROTECTION

38|P age
 CHAPTER -6
PLANT PROTECTION
INTRODUCTION

The problem of plant protection against the pests and disease is one of the
majorhindrancesinthecropproductionofthefarmersespeciallyfortheruralfarmers.Moreover,t
he farmers were less concerned about the pest and disease management. As a result,
theirlevels of productions were greatly reduced. Therefore, proper plant protection
awarenesswasthe needof thehourforthe farmers.

Therearefourcomponents underplantprotection.Theyare:

1. Surveyandsurveillanceofmajorpestanddiseasecomplexesofthecropsgrownin the
particulararea.

 Togenerateinformationaboutthepestcomplexesofthecrops,theintensityofattack,man
agement practicesincludingITKsadopted bythefarmers.
 To record insect pest, nematodes and disease complexes at least in one major
cropgrownin thelocality.
 Tocollectinformationonplantandinsectdiversity.
 Tocollectspecimensofinsectdamage,plantdiseases
symptoms,nematodeinfestation symptoms,nutritionaldisordersofcrops
grownin thelocality.

2. PreparationofInsectpestand diseasecalendar

 Tolearnaboutthestagewiseincidenceofinsectpest,diseasesandnematodesinthecrop
and theirintensityofattack.

3. TrainingorMethoddemonstrationonplantprotectionmeasures

 Tolearnabouttrainingandmethoddemonstrationmethodology.

4. Plantprotectionmeasurestakeninthehostfarmerscrops

a. Tolearnpracticallytheplantprotectionmeasuresto beadoptedinagrowingcrop.

b. To view the situation comprehensively and extensively at different periodicity

issurveyandvigilancesupervisionofasituationissurveillance.Inthesurveyandsurveillanceofp
estsanddiseasesrandomsamplingprocedurewasbeingusedtodetermine
39|P age
 Thepestanddiseaseinfestationonwhichweasagrouporsometimesindividuallysurveyedaroun
d 3-4 villages.Our survey was more inclined to determine the pest and diseasesinfestation
of theirvegetableand othercrops.

COMPONENT I:
SURVEYANDSURVEILLANCEOFMAJORPESTAN
D DISEASES COMPLEXES OF THE
CROPSGROWN IN THE PARTICULAR AREA.
To view the situation comprehensively and extensively at different periodicity is
surveyand vigilance supervision of a situation is surveillance. In the survey and
surveillance ofpests and diseases random sampling procedure was being used to
determine the pest anddisease infestation on which we as a group or sometimes
individually surveyed around 2-3villages.

The survey was more inclined to determine the pest and diseases infestation
ofvegetable
Slcrops as well as other
CROP PESTcrops.
NO.
Common pest in theLocality:
1 Tea Tea mosquito bug
Red spider mite
2 Rice Yellow stem borer
Rice leaf folder
3 Cabbage Cabbage butterfly
4 Punpkin Red pumpkin beetle
5 Brinjal Brinjal fruit and shoot borer
6 Citrus Lemon butterfly
Citrus trunk borer
Citrus leaf miner
Bark eating caterpillar
7 Mustard Mustard saw fly

8 Gram Gram pod borer

9 King White fly aphid

chili

40|P age
 Common diseases in the locality :
SL.NO. CROP DISEASE
1 Brinjal Phomopsis blight
2 Potato Late blight of potato
3 Tomato Late blight of tomato, anthracnose,
damping off
4 Cabbage Black rot, Cercospora leaf spot
5 Cauliflower Cauliflower black rot
6 Cucurbits Powdery mildew
7 Pea Powdery mildew, rust

8 Coconut Bud rot

Others:
i) In caseofBanana,Panamawiltwerefound.
ii) In arecanut, stembleedingwasquitecommon.

Conclusion:
Thediseaseand pestincidencethat wesurveyedmostlyareminoroutofwhichonly1-2%
severe cases are found in our survey of villages but due to these pest and
diseasesincidencethereisamajorthreatofmultiplicationofpestanddiseasefromonecropseaso
nto another. So, the author suggested many of the farmers to adopt integrated pest
anddiseasemanagement practices.
Table 6.1: INDIGENOUS TECHNICAL KNOWHOW (ITK’S)
COLLECTEDFROMHOST VILLAGE
Sl Title Purp Crop Material Howandw Impact
No oseof sused henitsuse
. ofITK ITK d ofpractise

1. Applicationo Tocontr Brinjal,P Ash Broadcast Medium

f ash olcutwo umpkin on
rm theplant

2. Use To Field Bamboo, Placedatth High

ofscarecrow crops rags,stra ecentreoft
s driveaw w hefield
aybirds

3. Coveringtre Agai Arecanut Tinsheet Nailed Highperce

e trunkwith nstsq /coconut inthetrun ntage
tin uirrel k

4. Use To Potato Napthali Hanged High

neballs intheceilin
ofnapthalinb repelpot gwherepot
alls atotuber atoweresto
moth red
5. Smudging To Cucurbit Smoke Smokeofst High
s raw
repelthe keptunder
flies bag
6. Use To kill Potato Kerosene Poured High
andtrapt water inholes
ofkerosenean hetermit
d es
watermixture
7. Banding To Coconut Polythen Bywrappi Medium
ofcoconuttru controlr esheet,ro ngpolythe
nk hinocero pe nesheetaro
sbeetle undthetrun
k

andtyingit
8. Coveringor Toco Banana Polythe Byinserti High
wrappingof ntrol necove ngorwrap
fruits sucki rrope pingthe
ng
Test fruitbyco
verandtyi
ngit
9. Neemleaves Toprot Ricest Neem Layers High
were keptin ectstor orage leaves ofneemb
storagebins agema pests eneaththe
terialsf producea
rompe ndalsoat
stattac
k thesurfac
e

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Conclusion:
The management practices against these pest were clean cultivation burningof
cropdebris, certified seed selection, crop rotation with non host crops, proper spacing,
properwater, weed and fertilizer management, multiple cropping, harvesting at close to
groundwererecordedtosomeextent.Thefarmersusedtohandpicktheeggmasses,larvae,pupaet
oremoveanddestroythe pestswhereverpossible.Pheromonetrapwas
observedinbittergourdplantstocontrolfruitflies.Indigenoustechnicalknowledgeprovidesval
uableinputsto make efficient use of natural resources and extends relevant support for
sustainabledevelopment. Indigenous techniques used in different component of farming
system aremostly organic, eco-friendly, sustainable, viable and cost effective. But, there
is a need toexplore, verify, modify and scientifically validate these practices for their
wider use andapplication.

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PlantBiodiversity
The main crop which was cultivated in the host village was rice and
tea.Themaincropscultivatedwererice.ThemainRabicrops grown by the host
farmerwererapseed, pea, pumpkin etc.,whichwasunderanareaof 20.0670 ha which he gew
with two of his farmer friend. The other crops like watermelon,beans, cabbage,
cauliflower, leafyvegetables, coriander, raddish etc were grown on homestead basis.

COMPONENT II:
PREPARATION OF INSECT PESTS AND
DISEASECALENDAR:
In one of the component of plant protection, preparation of insect pests and
diseasecalendar was done to study different diseases and pests at different interval in a
particularcrop.Fixedplotsurveywasmadetoknowthediseasesandpestsinanareainamajorcrop
and2-3 subsidiarycrops.

In Phutahula Gaon, Rice, tea, rapseed, watermelon etc were the major crops
andtheauthor prepared insect pests and disease calendar for these, studied different
diseasesandpestsatdifferentintervalforthesecropsandnotedtheirintensityof
attack,protectionmeasuresetc.

Table6.2:Disease calender

Nameo Date Stage Diseaseo Diseasein Controlm

fcrop ofrecor ccurred cidence/ easuresad
d ofcrop severity optedbyth
e
farmers
Rice 28/08/24 Vegetative Brownspot Moderate
stage ofrice 1.Removal
Allstages Blast of

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 Weed host
from bunds
and
channels
2.Pesticide
s not used
any
Tea 4/10/24 Mature Twig moderate  Removal
plant dieback, of
stem diseased
canker twigs by
cutting
 Spray
appropri
ate
protectiv
-e
fungicid
es

4/10/24 Mature Black Rot moderate Spray copper

plant fungicide
 Table 6.3.Chart of Pests in the area

Dateofrecord
12 November 12 November
13 November 2024
2024 2024
Nameofthef Prasanta Surojit Arnab Duarah
armer Gogoi Chetia
Nameofthe Phutahula Phutahula Dongor Pathar
village
Nameofthecrop Rice Watermelon Tea
Stageofthecrop Earlytillering Fruit Maturitystage
stage Developmentst
age
Nameofthe Lahi Saraswati Local variety
variety
Namesofpests/ Scirpophagain Aphisgossypi Red spider mite
Diseases/ certulus
nematode
Intensityofthei Moderate Moderate Minor
nfestationby
Majorpest
Symptomsprod Deadheart&y Curling,Curli- Leaves may develop
uced ellowing ng ofleaves. fine pale mottling or
bypests/disease ofleaves Development appear speckled.
s/nematodes of black
sootymould

Management Chlorantranili Imidachloprid Removing dust and

practices -prole 200SL@100 debris from crop
sprayed2-3 ml/ha growing areas.
times Azadirachtin 5
atweekly W/W:200 Ml/ha
interval.
ITKsadopted NIL NIL NIL

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COMPONENTIII:
TRAININGORMETHODDEMONSTRATIONONCRO
PPROTECTION MEASURES
Methoddemonstrationisaneffectivemeansfor thetransferoftechnologyof farmers. In
relevance to the survey and surveillance carried out, the intensity of attack ofthe pests
and diseases incidence were known and method demonstrations were conductedonplant
protection measures.

The first method demonstration that was given on regard of plant protection was on
the topic of Bordeaux Mixture preparation and application. Second method
demonstration was conducted on demonstration of banana sucker treatment with
carbofuran (Furadon) protection against nematodes.Apartfromthis-
followingMethoddemonstration wasalso given:

 29/08/2024: Treatments during bed preparation using Trichoderma and

Vermicompost

 07/09/2024: Trichocard preparation and it’s installation

 09/09/2024: Different homemade pesticide and their use
 27/09/2024: Preparation of 1% Bordeaux mixture
 24/10/2024: Ring method of fertilizer application and Banana sucker treatment

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COMPONENTIV:
CROPPROTECTIONMEASURESTAKENINTHEHOSTFA
RMERCROPS:

Not much scientific plant protection measures were taken up by the author’s host
farmer.However,someofthepesticides,fungicides,etc.wereusedalongwithculturalmanagem
entpracticesanddifferentITKs.Prevalent ITKsincludeusingof neemleavesinstoragebins/
containers,applicationofash,use ofscare crowsandmanymore.

The Author’s host farmer used to grow mainly Rice and Tea etc during Rabi season.Field
visits were made in the host farmer’s field as well as other farmer’s field to
studydifferentstagesofpest&diseases.Non–
chemicalmeasuresofplantprotectionwerethefirstpreferencetorecommendtothefarmers.Ther
efore,besidesofall varioustypesofindigenous technological knowledge (ITK), the author
recommended different
culturalmethodsforcontrollingpestanddiseases.Someoftherecommendationsareasfollows:

CULTURALMANAGEMENT
 Cleancultivation
 Removalofweeds
 Preventionofwaterstagnation
 Properdoseoffertilizer
 Useofdriedcowdung

BIOLOGICALMANAGEMENT
UseofTrichoderma(BioGreen).

CHEMICALMANAGEMENT
 UseofDimethoatetogetrid ofLeafminer.
 Useof Captaftogetrid ofDampingoff

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 CHAPTER
VIICOURSE
NO.:RAWEP-
413COURSE
TITLE:RURALECON
OMICS

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CHAPTER 7
RURAL ECONOMICS
Introduction:

Agro-economic survey was done to get the overall glimpse of the different
vitalstatistics existing in the village Phutahula. The statistics were obtained from
variousreliablesourcessuchas District Agriculture Office,
BDO,Panchayat,CommercialBanketc.

COMPONENT-I:
AGRO-ECONOMICSURVEY
Agro-economicsurveyofavillagereferstothesurveyconductedinavillagewiththeaim of
collecting data on economic conditions of the village, its population and
statistics,cropping patterns, irrigation, resource endowment and its utilization, labour
problems andemployment and other major economic aspects. The sources from which the
data werebeing collected by the RAWEP students about their host village were: From
experiencedvillagers,register maintained by the District Agriculture, BDO KVKetc.

The village Phutahula was located in the district Dibrugarh under Lahowal.The
village with an altitude of 1.4km above mean sea levelhaving lowland topography was
located 17 km from the district headquarters. There was agood motor able road which is a
strength of this village for communication. there was 2primary school, 1 middle school
and 1 highschool held. There are 2commercialbank situated– Allahabad bank and Assam
Gramin Vikas bank.

There are SHG’s in the village. Ghuramora market was nearest market from the village.
. Thetotalgeographicalareaofthe village was 309.61 hectares.

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 Phutahula was located approximately 17 kilometres away from the district andsub-
division headquarters. The village had easy accessibility throughout the year, and
itstopographywaspredominantlylowland.Itwassituatedatanaltitude 1.4 km abovemeansea
level. The host village had a total population of 1249 people, out of which
malepopulationwas 665 whilefemalewas
584.AtthetimeofCOVID19manypeopleweredied.Sex ratio is 114. In 2021 census, the total
Literacy Rate of 55.96% of which 58.80% males and 52.74% females.Therewereabout 972
houses in Phutahula village. There were 70 horticultural and 418 non- horticultural
workers.Mayang was the nearest town to the host village for all major economic activities.
Mrs. Aroti Chetia was the Panchayat President and Gaonbura was Suman Gohain .

In this village Flood is always a major problem, so all the rabi season crops
aremainly the only well grown crop in this village. Mainly Rice, tea, rapseed and
rabivegetables(watermelon , pumpkin, cucumber, coriander, cabbage, cauliflower
etc.)croppingpattern is followed in a year. At the time of cultivation Dept. of Agriculture,
KVK Dibrugarh,helped the farmer by giving high quality seeds to enhance their work.
Assam Gramin Vikas bank gave farmers short term loan. In this village farmers applied
chemical fertilizer like UREA,
SSP,MOP,DAP,andZincbasedfertilizermorethentherecommendeddose.Pesticides,insecticie
ds used by farmers like, Chorophyriphos, Glyphosate, Imidachoropid, captaf,
saafetc.Thevalueofthechemicalsislittlebithigh.
TheFig.No.10,illustratedthatthemajorityofthefarmershadlandholdingslessthan1hectare,so95
%ofthefarmersinthehostvillageweremarginal
farmers.Only3.9%ofthefarmersweresmalland0.56% weresemimedium farmers. In case of
Phutahula most of the lands are owned by Phutahula peopleThus, it could be determined
that the size of agricultural holdings was quite uneconomic,small and fragmented, which
was leading to increase in the no. of marginal and small holdings and fall in theno.
ofmedium and largeholdings.

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 STRUCTURALDISTRIBUTIONOFLAND
HOLDING

Area(ha)

80

60

40

20

Lessthan1.00 1.00-2.00 2.00-4.00 4.00-6.00

Figureno.7.1.:Structuraldistributionoflandholdingsinthevill
age

Conclusion:-

Therefore,itwasconcludedthattheAgro-
economicsurveyshowedthesocio-economic condition of the
village and could be said
thatvillagewasutilizingresourcestosomeextent,wherepossiblestrat
egies could be made for further development of thevillage.

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 COMPONENT-II
FARMSURVEYANDPLANNING
Farm Survey and Planning is one of the most effective waysto illustrate in
aconvincingmanner, thecosts andbenefits of usingnew technologyon thefarm.

Farmplanningisthetechniqueofmakingsounddecisionsbythefarmers,contemplatingpr
ofitablechangesinthefarm.Itisaschemefortheoperationand organization ofthefarmbusiness.
Farmbudgetingexpressesthefarmplanintermsofcostsand returns and indicates the
economics of farm plan. Thus, planning and budgeting mustgoin handforasuccessful
runningfarm business.

For successful farm planning and budgeting, the author had conducted a survey
forcollecting all the required information from my host farmer’s farm to know the extent
ofland holding, farm records, major crops, returns from the farm etc. It contained
twocomponentsviz. V FarmHoldingSurveyand Farm Record Book.

(a) Farm Holding Survey: It is a survey that is conducted to know the family details of
afarmer or a farm enterprise, extent of land holding, crop enterprises, livestock
enterprises,farm buildings and irrigation facilities that are available in the farm,
cultivation practicesof major crops, calendar of operations, returns and cost of production
of major crops andfamilyexpenditureof thefarmer,etc.

(b) Farm Record Book: It is an account keeping technique or record keeping of

alltheavailable resources in a farm inventory like farm land inventory, farm
buildings,implementsandmachineries,fencings,tubewells,ponds,irrigationstructuresande
quipments, live stocks and its disposals, cropping pattern and crop production
anddisposalrecordsandreceipts,agriculturalloanstakenbythefarmer,feedsandproductionfr
om otherallied enterprises of the farm etc.

(c) AlternateFarmPlan:Itisanimprovedplanwhichincludesalltheimprovedpackageof
cultivation which is to be prepared to maximize the farm income and crop yield
afterstudying the existing situation and available farm resources to make it more feasible
andprofitable. To determine the feasibility of the reorganized improved plan, we should
godetermination ofBenefit:Costratioofthepreparedplantdetermineitsfeasibility.

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 Evaluatingthepresentfarmsituationwith respecttodifferentfactorsandparameters,
it was known about the need and change that can be made in the farm toincrease the
income with maximum profit. Although the ground water level was high,he irrigated
few crops during winter time. The risks and other weakness factors wereobserved so
that the alternate farm plan could be framed considering the importantneeds and the
deviations. As the alternate farm plan, he was suggested to makeintegrated farming
system. It was very encouraging that with the suggestion of theauthor,hedecided to
adopt integrated farming system.

Summary:

The author’s host farmer Prasanta Gogoi, a 48years old farmer

wasfromasmallvillagenamed Phutahula inthedistrictofDibrugarh.Hemainlygrew Rice
and tea and fieldcrops, vegetables inhis farm. His familycomprised ofhiswifeand his
2son.

Theextentoflandholdingofthehostfarmerwas2.25 ha.
Themajorcropsgrownbythehostfarmerindifferentseasonsof the year were, field crops
were mainly Rice, Tea, Rapseed and horticultural crops
werePumpkin,Watermelon,,Cabbage,Cauliflower, coriander etc.Thefarmer had 2
cows, 10 duck and 10 chicks.

After conducting the above survey on the host farmer’s farm, an alternative
farmplan wasprepared by considering the existing situation of the farm
components,activities and availableresources, to increase the farm income by
incorporating therecommended package of practiceof cultivation of some crops that
the farmer grewin his farm and by giving an additional farmincome through proper
utilization of theavailable resource and maximizing the net return fromthe farm
enterprise. Theprepared alternate plan included some additional costs and
farmoperations than theexisting one like additional man daysor labours, fertilizers,
weedingandotherintercultural operations, plant protection measures, proper irrigation
schedules, use ofhighyielding varieties and seeds which in return would give the
farmer an additionalreturnthantheexistingreturni.e.,thefarmer
wasgettingfromhistraditionalpackageofcultivation.Aftercompletionofthealternateplan
,itwasevaluatedandbenefit:costratio of the proposed plan was determined by Partial
Budgeting Technique to test thefeasibilityof theproposed plan over theexisting one.

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 Formthepreparedimprovedplanafterevaluation,itwasobservedthattheB:Cr
atiooftheproposedplanforeverycropwashigherthan
1.0 which clearly indicated that the plan wasvery much feasible for
thefarmer to adopt if he accepted the recommendations in the next crop season.
Byadopting the proposed package of practice, the farmer could earn an
additionalreturn by incurring only small amount of additional input costs into
the farm toefficiently optimizethe available resource use and get an additional
net profitfromthesame unit of land.

Conclusion:
Byconductingthefarmsurveyofthehostfarmer’sfarmandrecordingthefarm
inventory,it could be concluded that the farmer did not have all therequired
resources in the farm for better practice of an improved and
scientificfarmoperationsandcultivationsfromwhichthefarmercouldearnanadditio
nalprofit than the existing situation. The farmer needed support andguidance
foradopting a new technology with the available resources in the farm. For
benefitand overall improvement of the farm and return from the crop
component, analternate farmplan was proposed to increase the farm income
which could bebeneficialforhim.

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 COMPONENTIII-FAMILYBUDGETING
Introduction:
Family Budget is the total budget of a family in which the total expenditure of
afamilyperyearisrecordedfromthebeginningoftheyear.Fromthis,wecanstudyaboutthefamil
ylifestyle,family
expendituresandtheeconomicstatusofthefamily.Fromthis,wecanalsodeterminethestandard
ofthefamily in whichcategory it comes into.
Summary:

The name of the respondent was Mr. Prasanta Gogoi, who was the author’s host farmer
from Phutahula, Dibrugarh district. His occupation was farming. His familycomprised of
four members: He himself, his wife and two sons. He lived in a kuchha
house.Theaccommodation for thewholefamilywas sufficient.

The net annual income of the family was Rs. 2,00000 per year which comprised farm
income. Theincome ofthe familyisfromthefarmsources

Table7.1:Percentagesharesofdifferentfamilyexpenditure

Particulars Percentageof share

Food 44%

Clothing 6.6%

Fuelandlighting 6.6%
Houserent andrepairs 33%

Ceremoniesandfunctions 3.3%

Miscellaneous 5.5%

Maintenance 1%

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 Sales

6%1%
3%

44%
33%

7% 7%

Food Clothing
FuelandlightingHouserentandrepairs
Ceremoniesandfunctions
MiscellaneousMaintenance

Fig.7.2.:PercentageshareofFamilyExpenditure

Conclusion:

Fromtheauthor’sobservationandstudyaboutthehostfarmer’shouseholdcomposition,
family expenditures, net family income and the way they go for utilizing themoney, it can
be concluded that the family has a moderate run throughout the year fromboth the farm
income and non-farm income. But the main point to be noticed is that thefarm income
alone is very less for the family to go for heavy expenditures. It will not
bepossibleforthefarmerandhisfamilytomeetallthefamilyrequirementsthroughthefarminco
me alone. Thus, to increase his farm income, he should go for an alternate plan
fromwhichhecan earn additional benefits.

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 CHAPTER
VIIICORESE
NO.:RAWEP-
414(II)COURSE
TITLE-
EXTENSIONPR
OGRAMME

59|P age
 CHAPTER- 8
EXTENSIONPROGRAMME

COMPONENTI:
SITUATIONANALYSISANDPROBLEMIDENTIFICATION
Introduction:

Asurveywasmadeinthehostvillagewhichrevealedvariousproblemsfacedbythepeopleof the
village. Various prominent technical problems were lack of skilled manpower,ignorance
regarding fertilizers and pesticides, irrigation problem etc. Economic problemsidentified
were poor financial condition of the farmers, high labour charges, untimelyavailability of
labour and less capital flowing agriculture etc. Unemployment, small
andscatteredfarmholdingwasthemainsocialproblems.
Lackofknowledgeonmarketpricesofagricultural producewas prominentconstraintfor
thefarmers.

Someofthetrainingneedsidentifiedafterinteractionwiththefarmers,womenandyouthsofthevi
llagesuchasdiseasecontrol

Table8.1:SWOTANALYSIS

 Fertile soil,abundantproductionoffield crops

 Indigenouslivestockwithpoorproductivity.
STRENGTH
 KVKisactiveintechnologytransferthrough
Technologyshowcasingprogramme.
 Availability of lowlandwhich issuitable forfishery
AswellasBororicecultivation

 Floodpronearea
WEAKNESS
 Lackoffarmmechanisation.

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  Soildegradationduetocontinuouscultivation
on thesameland.

 Potentialarea for integrated farming system

as30%ofthehouseholdsdo havefishpond.
OPPORTUNITY
 Croppingintensityaswellasincomecan
be increased.
 Scopeofexpansion of areaunder oilseed.

 Scopeforentrepreneurshipdevelopmentfor
SHGs
 ScopefordifferentIFS.
 EarlyfloodatBrahmaputrabank side.
THREAT
 Crop damage due to sudden outbreak of
Insectpestanddiseases(immaturefruitdrop)

CONCLUSION:

From SWOT Analysis of the village, various problems, needs and requirements of
thefarmers and the villagers of the host village were determined. In an overview, it can be
notedthat the villagers were still facing many problems in their fields and locality which can
onlybesolvedthroughvariousextensionservices.Itwasconcludedthatthoughournationmovedmu
chaheadwithscienceandtechnology,desiredchangeshavenotbeenobtainedinthehostvillage due
to lack of knowledge and lack of proper technology dissemination channel to thegrass root
level. With proper trainings and demonstrations, skill development of the ruralpopulationcan
bedoneforthe bettermentof thefuture.

COMPONENTII:
SUMMARY ON THE ON-GOING
EXTENSIONPROGRAMMESANDTHEIRI
MPACTS

Agriculturalschemes andextensionprogrammesaremostlydesignedbythe
governmentforraisingagricultural production and productivity

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It also aims at improving the level of income and the standard of living of the
farmerswithinadefinitetimeandframe.Thispolicyisformulatedfoalroundand comprehensive
developmentintheagriculturalsector.Themainobjectivesofsuchpolicyistoremovethe
majorproblemssuchasimproperandinefficientusageofnatural resources, predominance of
low value agriculture, poor cost-benefit ratio of the sectoralactivitiesand
insignificantprogress ofcooperativefarmingandotherSHGs.

A Participatory Rural Apraisal (PRA) method was conducted to know the influence
ofdifferent institutions over the host village. It was determined that the institutions
likeSHGs,schools,colleges,cooperativesocieties,GaonPanchayat,block,agriculturaldevelo
pment office, SDO, and NGOs had contributed to some extent towards
villagedevelopment.

Amongtheon-goingextensionprogrammesundervariousorganizations/Govt.departments/
NGOsinthevillages,KrishiVigyanKendra,Dibrugarhplayedvitalroleinperformingmanyexte
nsionprogrammeslikeon-farmtrial,frontlinedemonstrations,training of farmers etc. Need
based trainings are also provided at regular basis to developthe socio economic status of
the rural population such as training on scientific mushroomcultivation, behavioral
problems of children, precision farming, health management
inlivestocketc.TheDepartmentofAgriculturewasfunctioningwithmany
prospects,implementingNationalAgriculturalExtensionProjectunderwhichthedemonstratio
nsontheagriculturaltechnology,practicesweredonealongwithotherplans.Otherprogrammes
were Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana (RKVY), Bringing Green Revolution to
EasternIndia (BGREI), National Food Security Mission (NFSM), and Mahatma Gandhi
NationalEmploymentGuarantyAct(MGNERGA),AssamVikashYojana,SpecialChiefMinis
ter’sScheme,AssamAgriculturalCompetivenessProject, etc.

TheATMAprovidedfunctionslikeSeeddistribution,TrainingonMarketingvalueaddition,
Fertilizer distribution, Cultivation of crops on experimental basis, poultry, fishseed
distribution, composite fish culture. The village institutions prevailing in the villagewere
Panchayat, co-operative society etc. The success stories also depict the status of
theruralpeoplebydefiningthattherearepeopleorindividualswhowereadaptingthemselves

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with the developing environment and getting success from their approach. This
alsosensitizesthe rural peopleand helps in ruraldevelopment asawhole.

COMPONENT III:
DISSEMINATION
OFAGRICULTURALTECH
NOLOGY

AGRICULTUREINFORMATIONCENTRE:

Dissemination of agricultural technology is the primary role of extension

personnelin the country, keepingthis in view Information Centre was establishedin
Sankardev ME school, Phutahula, on 14th Semptember,2024.Itwasopened
withanobjectiveoserveasasourceforclearingtheprevailingdoubtsinthe
mindsofthevillagersregardingagricultural know-how and to make aware to the
farmerswith the new technology inagriculture.Different typesof visualsweredisplayedin
theinformation centrelike-

Charts : Azolla cultivation, Vermicomposting, Vaccination schedule of Poultry,

Majorpest of rice, Pest and diseases of Tea, Management of common diseases of major
cropsgrowninthevillage,Majorpestsandtheirmanagements,Integratedfarmingsystem(IFS),
Biogas,Zeroenergycoolchamber(ZECC),Greenhouse,Verticalgardening,ITKforplantprotec
tionofvegetables,DifferentvarietiesofRice,Mushroomcultivation,Greenmanuring and
cultivation of Dhaincha, Post harvest management, Soil Profile, NaturalFarming,Rodents
and itscontrol.

Models: Low budget Incubator, Zero energy cooling chamber, Soil Profile,
Verticalgardening,Azolla,Vermicompostingunit,IntegratedFarmingSystem(IFS),Biogasun
it/Briquetting, Aquaponics, Vertical garden, Rooftop gardening, different tea traps,
Housing of farm animals, Hydroponics, System of RiceIntensification.

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 Flex: HYVs of Rapeseed and Mustard, Different pests of potato, rapseed, citrus.
Varieties of Rice alongwiththeiryield,durationandsowingtime, Varities of Rabi
vegetables, Milking stages of cow, Poultry Management.

TRAINING&METHODDEMONSTRATIONS

Method demonstration is an effective means to transfer technology to the farmers.

Itsimplifies the complicated laboratory knowledge into ways farmers will understand.
Inrelevancetothesurveyandsurveillanceofpestanddiseases,methoddemonstrationswerecon
ductedbythestudents on plant protection measures.

Thesewere theTraining Programmes carriedout intheHostvillage:

 Different major and minor pests of crops in the area
 Ring method of fertilizer application
 Banana sucker treatment.
These were the method demonstration carried out in the host village

:Table:8.2RecordofTraining&Methoddemonstration
Sl. Date Location Technology/skills
No.
I. 24/08/2024 Dongor 1) Line transplanting of rice
Pothar 2) Leaf colour chart method
II. 29/08/2024 Dangar Pothar 1) Raised bed prepration
2) Treatments during bed
preparation using
Trichoderma and
vermicompost.
III. 07/09/2024 Na-gaon Trichocard preparation
and it’s installation
IV. 09/09/2024 Phutahula 1) Different homemade
pesticide and their use.
2) Air layering in lemon trees
V. 27/09/2024 Phutahula Preparation of 1% Bordeaux
mixture
VI. 24/10/2024 Phutahula 1) Ring method of fertilizer
application
2) Banana sucker treatment
VII. 21/11/2024 Na-gaon 1) Different fish types
2) Types of fish feed
3) Integrated Farming
System
22 host farmers along with the villagers graced the Inauguration ceremony of
informationcentre with their presence. Information Centre was opened thrice a week
(Mon, Wed, andFri)for about 2 hours (10:30 AM – 1:00 PM).

COMPONENTIV:
PARTICIPATIONINCOMMUNITYACTIVITIES.
Participation in community activities gives more chances to get acquainted with
thevillagers and help us understand their behavior, tradition and culture along with
theirbeliefsandsocialresponsibilities.Thevarious activitiesthatwereperformed are-.

 On 19th August,2024:We met our appointed host farmers.

 .On 21st August, 2024: Herbicide spraying against against parthenium near
APDCL, Dibrugarh

 On 28thAugust, 2024: Tranect walk in Phutahula

 On 28thAugust, 2024:Pathenium Awarness Week observed at Lahowal

college

 On 31st August,2024:PRA and Village mapping og Phutahula and Nagaon

 On 1st September 2024: PRA and Village mapping of Dangor Pothar

 On 5th September 2024: Teachers Day celebrated at Phutahula ME School

 On 9th September, 2024: Distribution of free Papaya seedlings to the farmers

 On 14th September,2024:Information centre opening and inauguration of wall

magazine “DIBORU”

 9.On 25TH Semptember 2024: “Swacchata Week” at Phutahula LP school

 On 28th September,2024: Free distribution of seeds to the host farmers and

preparation of kitchen garden in their home.

 On 29th Semptember 2024: Celebration of “Nutritional Week” at KVK

Dibrugarh
 On 2ndOctober, 2024: Cleanliness drive at Ghuramora market area on the
occasion of Gandhi Jayanti
 On 5th October 2024: The students attended the virtual PMKISAN meeting held
at KVK , Dibrugarh

 On 23rdOctober, 2024: The students started preparing Mushroom bed.

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  On6th November,2024: The students organized “ BHAXA GAURAV XAPTAH”
at 3 schools in Phutahula, Nagaon and Dangor Pothar
 On 14th November 2024: The students celebrated “Children Day” at Phutahula
LP school
 On 21st November,2024: On this day, the students observed “WORLD
FISHERIES DAY” at Nagaon.
 On 26th November,2024: Observed “CONSTITUTION DAY” at KVK
Dibrugarh
 On 1stDecember, 2024: The students celebrated “WORLD AIDS DAY” and
performed street play on AIDS.
 On 10thDecember, 2024: The students organized a Agricultural Exhibition and
Inauguration of sovenieur “KARSHAN”

OTHERACTIVITIESUNDERTAKEN:

VILLAGEMAPPING:

It is one of the most important tools which can give a rough estimate of the total area
ofthevillageandthelandutilizedfordifferentpurposes.Villagemappingwascarriedouttoknow
about the distribution of total geographical area under field crops plantation crops,pond
areas, homestead area, fallow areas, roads etc. The village map of Phutahula wastraced
on the ground by the villagers with the help of the students using rangoli AND

FIG:
VILLAG
E
MAPPIN
G IN
PHUTAH
ULA
VILLAG
E WITH
THE
VILLAG
ERS

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TRANSECTWALK:
Aftertheallotmentofhostfarmersof Phutahula village,thestudentscarriedoutatransect walk
along with the host farmers. The main idea of carrying out the transect walk was to know
the peripheralknowhowofthehostVillage.
Itwaspossibletogatherandextractbasicinformation,soiltype,geography,croppingpattern,cro
pspeciesgrown,varietiescultivated, livestock reared, and inputs used in agricultural
production as well as alliedsectorsas well as the problemsandprospects of thehost village.

FIG.:81.DIFFERENTEXTENSIONACTIVITIESUNDER TAKEN

SWOTANALYSIS

GROUP
TRANSECTWALK
DISCUSSION

EXTENSIONA
CTIVITIESUN
DERTAKEN

TRAININGAND
SOCIALWORKS AWARENESS
CAMPS

METHODDEMONS
TRATIONS

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CONCLUSION-
By participation with the village community activities, the students were acquainted
withthe villagers so much that we had got a very good mutual understanding between
thevillagers and ourselves. The students came to know about their behaviour and nature
ofpeopletheyare.Wehadgainedfaithbyparticipatingwiththeiractivitiesandco-operatingthem
in their activities. It was really very much helpful for us to stay with the villagers
byparticipatingintheiractivitieswhichcreatedamutualunderstandingbetweenvillagersandus.

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 CHAPTER
IXCOURSE
NO.:RAWEP41
4(II)

COURSE TITLE-
ATTACHMENTWITHRARS/KVK&AGRO
INDUSTRY

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 CHAPTER9
ATTACHMENT WITH RARS/KVK
AND AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY

COMPONENT I:
VISITTOAGRO-
BASEDINDUSTRIES
Introduction:
Agro-
basedindustriesingeneralarethoseindustriesthathavedirectorindirectlinksw
ithagriculture. It covers a variety of industrial, manufacturing and
processing activities
basedonagriculturalrawmaterialsaswellasactivitiesandservicesthatgoasinp
utstoagriculture.These industries facilitate effective and efficient
utilization of agricultural raw materials.Thus, Agro based industries
transmit an industrial culture in rural areas thus bringing
aboutmodernization andinnovation in agricultureitself.

Agro based industry visit is one of the most important importantpart of

entire
RAWEP.ThestudentsofDibrugarhstationwerevisiteddifferentAgrobasedin
dustriesinnearbyareasundertheguidanceof Dr. Sanghamitra
SharmaProgrammeSupervisorofKVK,Dibrugarh.

Thestudents visitedthefollowingindustries:

1. Chroma Hydroponics Nursery

2. Saini Organic Tea Processing Unit
3. CM Mushroom Farm
4. Rungliting Tea Estate
5. M/S J. Das Bee Keeping Industry
Fig9.1.Saini Organic Tea Processing UnitFig9.2. M/S J. Das Bee Keeping
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 COMPONENT-II:
ATTACHMENT WITH KVK,DIBRUGARH
(ANOVERVIEW)

1.KRISHIVIGYANKENDRA

INTRODUCTION

Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in the country are the primary links for the farmers to know
about agricultural technologies being generated. They act as the training centres for the transfer
of technology with an aim to reduce the time lag between technology generation and their
transfer. The activities of the KVK include on-farm testing to establish the location specificity
of agricultural technologies under various farming situations, frontline demonstrations to
establish its production potentials on the farmer’s fields, training of farmers to update their
knowledge and skills in improved agricultural technology and training of extension personnel
to orient them in the frontier areas of technology development.

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, DIBRUGARH

Location: Romai - Kordoibam, Dibrugarh
Date of Establishment: 13/03/2007
Total area: 16 ha

KVK Dibrugarh was established in the 2007. It is located inRomai - Kordoibam

village covering an area of 16 ha. It is about 20 km away towards south-eastern direction
of.

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 Dibrugarh town, the district head quarter, 8 km from Lahoal, a small town with a
railway station and 15 Km from Dibrugarh Airport.
Vision: Science and technology-led growth leading to enhanced productivity,
profitability and sustainability of agriculture.
Mission: Farmer-centric growth in agriculture and allied sectors through application
of appropriate technologies in specific agro-ecosystem perspective

Land Area
Year of Established March,2007
Total Land 16 ha
Total Cultivable Land 10 ha
Under buildings 1.5 ha
Under Demonstartion Units 0.5 ha
Under Crops 1 ha
Orchard 2.5 ha

Land Area Under KVK

Total Cultivable Land Under buildings Demonstartion Units

Under Crops Orchard

Fig 12: LAND AREA UNDER KVK

Infrastructure Facilities:
 Administrative building
 Farmer’s Hostel
 Staff Quarters (5)
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  Twin quarters Supporting staffs
 Biofertilizer Unit
 Mushroom Unit
 Azola Unit
 Compost and Vermicompost unit
 Semi Automatic Poly House
 DBT-AAU Satellite centre for production of biofertilizer and biopesticide
 Fencing
 Godown

Mandate:

 Technology Assessment and Demonstration for its Application and Capacity

Development.
 On-farm testing to assess the location specificity of agricultural technologies under
various farming systems.
 Frontline demonstrations to establish production potential of technologies on the
farmers’ fields.
 Capacity development of farmers and extension personnel to update their
knowledge and skills on modern agricultural technologies.
 To work as Knowledge and Resource Centre of agricultural technologies for
supporting initiatives of public, private and voluntary sector in improving the
agricultural economy of the district.
 Provide farm advisories using ICT and other media means on varied subjects of
interest to farmers
 In addition, production of quality technological products (seeds, planting material,
bio-agent, livestock) and make it available to farmers.
 Organise front line activities.
 Identify and document selected farm innovations and converge with ongoing
schemes and programs within the mandate of KVK.
Thrust areas of ongoing research and extension activities:
 Increasing production and productivity of rain-fed rice (quality seed)
 Increasing production and productivity of pulses and oilseeds
 3. Emphasis on of horticultural crops
 Enhancing production, productivity and quality tea mainly of the small tea growers
 Emphasis on Integrated nutrient, disease and pest management for sustainable agriculture
 Enhancing production and productivity of milk, egg, meat, fish and sericulture enterprise
 Entrepreneurship development by enhancing skill and motivation of rural unemployed
youth for taking up various agro based vocations
 Introduction of technology for reducing drudgery of farm women

Fig 13: FARM LAYOUT OF KVK DIBRUGARH

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 Table9.1:CurrentstaffofKVK
Sl.No. NameoftheIncumbent Designation Phone
Number

01. Dr. Hemchandra Saikia Senior Scientist and 9101633085

Head (i/c)

02. Chayanika Thakuria Subject Matter

Specialist, Agronomy

03. Dr. Sanghomitra Sarma Subject Matter 7002048969

Specialist, Plant
Protection

04. Sharmistha Borgohain Subject Matter

Specialist,
Horticulture

05. Dr. Babita Tamuli Subject Matter 7002662372

Specialist, Soil
Science

06. Dr. Sangeeta Borah Saikia Programme Assistant,

Community
Science

07. Mr. Karma B. Chetri Computer

Programmer,
Computer Science

08. Mr. Shantonu Paul Farm Manager,

MBA (Agri.)

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 09. Mr. Dhrubajit Dutta Office
superintendent
cum Accountant

10. Mr. Hemen Changmai Steno cum Comp Operator

11. Mr. H. Senapati Steno cum

Mechanic

12. Mr. Bhakti Dutta Driver cum Mechanic

13. Mr. Pranjal Dutta Supporting staff 8638066833

14. Rajesh Borah Supporting staff

Trainings conducted under various disciplines:

Number of trainings conducted under various disciplines for farmers and farm women,
progressive farmers and extension functionaries in the year 2020-21:
 For farmers and farm women:
1 training under Agronomy, 11 trainings under Horticulture, 2 under Home Science, 12 under Plant Protection, 12 under Tea
Husbandry and Technology and 10 trainings under Agricultural Economics were conducted.
 For rural youth:
1 training under Home Science, 2 under Plant Protection and 2 trainings under Tea Husbandry and Technology were
conducted.
 For extension functionary:
4 trainings under Home Science and 2 trainings under Plant Protection were conducted.

Frontline Demonstrations

Table 11: Frontline Demonstrations conducted by KVK, Dibrugarh

Sl. No. Crop Variety Area (ha) or Nos.

1. Rice Ranjit Sub 1 0.39
2. Mushroom Pleurotusflorida, P. Ostreatus 10 units
3. Tea - 0.4 ha
4. Tea - 0.4 ha
5. Seasonal vegetables Local and Hybrid
6. Natural Dye
7. Rice Ranjit Sub 1 15
8. Blackgram PU-31 14
9. Potato Kufri Jyoti 5.33
10. Lemon Assam Lemon 0.40
11. Pumpkin F1 Arjuna 0.8
12. Pumpkin Bhima 0.09
13. Duck Khaki Campbel 330 nos.
14. Maize GMH-1103 4.45
15. Quail Japanese 50 Nos.
16. Duck Chara-Chembeli 120 Nos.
17. Oilseed TS-36 3 ha
18. Oilseed TS-36 10
19. Rice Ranjit Sub 1 10
20. Rice Numoli
21. Rice Ranjit Sub 1 5

22. Oilseed (CFLD) TS 36 100

23. Calocasia Nikasi 0.065
24. Ginger Local 0.02
25. Puoltry Bird (Kamrupa) 200 Nos.

OFTs conducted by KVK, Dibrugarh

1. OFT on management of pest and diseases in low-cost storage structure
2. Management of Wilt Complex in Brinjal by using biogreen 5
3. INM in Small Tea Cultivation
4. Efficacy of Biosona for management of helopeltis and looper in STG
5. Organic Nutrient Management in Scented Rice
6. Production performance of Indian Mustard variety DRMRIJ-31
7. Performance of Tomato variety Arka Abed
8. Comparative study of Lai Xaak Var. AAUJLP1, AAUJLP2 and Local check
9. OFT on Biomass cook stove
10. IPM of Brinjal Fruit and Shoot borer
11. Management of whitefly in king chilli cultivation
12. Performance Assessment of Mushrooms during summer season
13. Performance assessment of submergence and drought tolerance winter rice varities CR Dhan 801 and CR Dhan 801
and CR Dhan802
14. Assessment of Rice-Toria-Blackgram cropping pattern in medium land situation of Dibrugarh district
15. Performance evaluation of Pumpkin varities Mahabali, Bhima and Arjuna
 16. Performance evaluation of Natural farming practices in Assam Lemon
17. Performance of organic cultivation of Cabbage
18. OFT on value addition of millet using Moringa leaves

Farm Production Programme

Under the farm production programme, Papaya Seedlings (Sapna F1 and Redlady), Bottlegourd seedlings (Srilong), Broccoli
seedlings (Sakata Saki), Lemon cuttings (Assam lemon (Seedless), Capsicum Seedlings (Indra), Marigold seedlings (Inca),
Aeracanut seedlings (Local), Black pepper cuttings (Paniyur 1), Banana corms (Malbhog and G-9), Pineapple sucker (Kew),
Fodder setts (Hybrid Napier, Guinea, Seteria), Pineapple fruits (Kew), Banana bunch (G-9), Lemon fruit (Assam lemon),
Papaya fruit (Sapna), Guava fruit (L-49), Tea leaves (TV-22), Organic Manure, Green Manure, Bio Fertilizers and Bio
Pesticides were produced in the year 2021-22.

Seed/Planting Material Production Programme

Under the Seed/Planting Material Production Programme, Papaya Seedlings (Sapna F1 and Redlady), Bottlegourd seedlings
(Srilong), Broccoli seedlings (Sakata Saki), Lemon cuttings (Assam lemon Seedless), Capsicum Seedlings (Indra), Marigold
seedlings (Inca), Aeracanut seedlings (Local), Black pepper cuttings (Paniyur 1),
Banana corms (Malbhog and G-9), Pineapple sucker (Kew) and Fodder setts (Hybrid Napier, Guinea, Seteria) were produced
in the year 2021-22.

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 Table 9.2: Activities of RAWEP Students in
associationwithKVK, Dibrugarh

Sl DATE ACTIVITIESPERFORMED
no

1 19/08/24 Explored the various units of KVK under the guidance

of Dr. Sanghamitra Sarma ma’am.

2 20/08/2024 Celebration of ‘Parthenium awareness week’ at

Lahowal college.

3 21/08/2024 Method demonstration on Leaf Colour Chart

4 21/08/2024 Spraying of herbicide against parthenium near

APDCL, Dibrugarh

5 Papaya plantation under ‘Ek Per Ma Ke Naam’

29/08/2024
campaign

6 09/09/2024 Training programme on different Major and Minor

Pests of crops in the area

7 14/09/2024 Inauguration of Information Centre at Phutahula

8 18/09/2024 Celebration of ‘Nutrition week’ at KVK with

Angadwadi members under the guidance of KVK,
Dibrugarh
9 18/09/2024 Cleaning of Vermicompost pit on the occasion of
‘Swaccha Bharat Abhiyan’

10 24/09/2024 Cleaning drive on the occasion of ‘Swaccha Bharat

Abhiyan’

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CHAPTER X
SUMMARY
AND
CONCLUSION

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 CHAPTER
10SUMMARYANDCONCLUSIN
Summary:
“Feedthesoilnottheplant”~unknown

As said by the quotetogrowahealthyplantwe mustnourishthesoilwhichsuppliesthegrowth

element throughout its growth and development. So we must take care of themother
earth.Agriculture isthe backbone ofIndianeconomy.Hence,the country’seconomic
condition depends on the success of agriculture. About 70% of the Indianpopulation
reside in the rural area and depends on agriculture for their livelihood. As
aresult,thegovernmentinvestedahugesumonthevariousprojectsandresearchespertaining to
agriculture. In the process, the scientists have gained immense success
indevelopingallpossible technologieswhicharerequiredtoincrease theyieldof
theagricultural produce. However, there are many reasons which account for the rejection
ofthemodern technologiesbythefarmers. Someofthemare as follows:

1. Highcostof agricultural inputs.

2. Poorextensionservicesintheruralarea.

3. Inappropriateinnovation.

4. Lackofgeneralawarenessamongstthefarmers.

5. Lowsocio-economicconditionofthefarmers.

6. Lackofirrigationfacility.

This same scenario is also observed in the nearby Phutahula village. Instead ofhavinga
high production potentiality, the agricultural production of the village is not up to the
mark in some of the crops like cucurbits, Assam lemon etc. Communication gap is the
main barrier faced by the farmer’s. Even if the farmers are having the willingness to
adopt th enew technologies; they fail to implement them because of financial
insufficiency and lack of knowledge. So, much improvement is needed on the part of
extension workers of the particular area as they play a major role in dissipating the
improved agricultural
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technologyknowledgetothefarmersandmakethemawareofdifferentfinancialfacilitiesbytheg
overnment alongwithdifferentfinancial institutions.

Implementation of the RAWE programme in the agricultural course is a step taken

tonarrow down the communication gap and dissemination of new technology between
thefarmersandtheintellectuals.RAWEprogrammehasenabledustogainfirst-handinformation
regarding the various resources available in the particular area, resourceutilization level,
technology adopted in agricultural production, problems in adopting
theimprovedtechnology.Ithashelpedustodevelopbettercommunicationskills,todobetteragri
culturalextensionworkandinstalledinustheresponsibilitytoovercometheproblemsfaced by
the farmer mainly in crop production and protection. The RAWEP students
actlikemediatorsbetweenthefarmersandtheintellectualsandithasbecomeourresponsibility to
persuade the farmers to adopt the latest farm technologies in their fields.During the
RAWE programme, we set up an ‘Information Centre’ to solve the problemsof farmers,
train the farmers at various agricultural technology, organized meetings foryouth, farmer,
SHG, participated in different community activities, distributed leaflets
ondifferentagriculturaltopics,displayedpostersandcharts,organizedmethoddemonstrations,
street play. We also organized a mini exhibition where we demonstratednew agricultural
technologies as models and charts for the farmers to make them familiarwith such
technologies and encourage them to adopt such technologies for better cropgrowth, better
soil health and increased their net income. We tried our level best to impartour
knowledge to the farmers during all such developmental programmes. RAWEP hashelped
us to develop into better agriculturists and work for the betterment of the farmers,the rural
society as a whole and contribute to the country’s welfare. It has also made usstrong
willed individuals ready to face each and every critical situation with courage
andpatience.

CONCLUSION:

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru rightly said, ‘Everything else can wait, but not
agriculture.’Agriculture is the base of our nation, and the development of our nation
entirely
dependsuponthedevelopmentofagriculture.Nodoubtthatournationhasprogressedalotin
various fieldsincludingAgriculture,butithasstillnotreachedtheruralmasses fully,we
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still have miles to go. Only through our serious and continuous efforts we can achieve
thedesiredrateofprogressanddevelopment.Thus,adequateandtimelystepsshouldbetakenfro
m all the concerned directions to utilize potential of agriculture sector of the country
intheright ernest.

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CHAPTER XI
ANNEXURES

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 ANNEXURE III(a)
CourseNo:RAWEP415:CourseTitle:Crop Production

Component I: Cropping pattern and assessment of available resources

Name of the student: Anisha Chakraborty

Roll No.:2021-AJ-07
Name of the College: College of Agriculture
Name of the Station: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dibrugarh
Name of the farmer: Mr. Prasanta Gogoi
Address: Phutahula, Lahowal
Dibrugarh,
Pin Code: 786010
1. Year and season:
i) Survey Number or location of the field:
Phutahula, Lahowal,Dibrugarh,Assam,786010
ii) Areaof the plot (in ha): 2.2 ha :
2. Landsituation (High land/lowland/mediumland/others):Lowland
3. SoilType(Texturalgroup):Sandyloam
4. Hydrological situation (like ground water level, level/height of inundation
duringmonsoonetc. which canbecollectedfrom thefarmers):3-5m
5. Previous crop (field/vegetable and fruits crop):

Previouscropgrown Lahi Rice Cabbage

Variety Bor Mahsuri, Sorai Lahi Green Express

Area 0.8 ha 0.133 ha

Man Not any Cow dung and

ures Urea- 35.2
Fertil kg/bigha
-izer
Yield 4 quintal/bigha 14 quintal/bigha

Return 45 Rs/kg 20 Rs/kg

6.Present Crop (field/ vegetable and fruit crop) :

PARTICULAR

Crops Grown RICE TEA FRENCH

BEAN
Variety Grown Bora Local Hybrid

Manures/Fertilizers applied NIL FYM 50 Kg, FYM @10

Urea, SSP, MOP Kg/Bigha
@20,10,10
Kg/bigha

No. of 3 ploghing with power 5-6 ploghings by 1 ploughing

ploghing/harrowing/puddlings tiller 1 laddering with tractor
ladder
Irrigation schedule

Soil and water Conservation Maintaining water - -

measures level of 2-3 inch
bunding

Drainage operation N/A N/A N/A

Other interculture operation Weeding and earthing Training is done Weeding and
up is done earthing up is
done

Yield and return 4q/bigha 1.4 q/bigha

8800/- Rs. 7000/-
7. Weather Data:

i) Rainfall during the crop period and its distribution:

Rainfall during the crop period was more than optimum

which hampered the agro-chemical application schedule
and hoeing application.

ii) No. of rainy days: In the month of March, April and

May the total number of rainy days was 10, 16 and 20
respectively. This indicated that during the month of April
&May there was maximum number of rainy days.

Month Total no. of Total rainfall

Rainy Days (mm)

AUGUST 18 days 346

SEPTEMBER 17 days 298.1

OCTOBER 9 days 111.2

NOVEMBER 3 days 24.8

DECEMBER 1 day 12.9

 Chart Title
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
August september october november december

Total no. of rainy days Total rainfall (mm)

iii) Drought spells during the crop period: No

iv) Crop stage at which it was subjected to drought/ flood: There is flood during Rice cultivation.

v) Whether the weather conditions were optimum to the crop? Specify:

As there was flood during it’s tillering stage, the weaher condition was not optimum to the crop.

Conclusion:

The host farmer is a small farmer with a land holding of 9 bighas. The temperature, drought and rainfall condition
did not cause extensive decrease in yield directly though there were effects of it indirectly.
 ANNEXURE III(b)
Course No: RAWEP 415 :: Course Title: Crop Production
ComponentII.Cultural management
A. Seed/Plantingmaterial
Particular
Crops Grown Rice Tea French Bean

1.Source Market Tea Estate Market

2.Cultivar BORA Local

3.Seed planting Nil Malathion 75% N/A

material dust
treatment

4.Date of 12/08/2024 ---------------- 24/10/2024

Sowing/planting

5.Seed rate 60 kg/bigha 1800 plantlets 11kg/bigha

6.Method of Line Sowing Line Planting Line sowing

sowing/planting

7.Spac Not maintained 0.75 m– 1.25 m -

ing
87|P age
 C

B. WeedControl

Crop RICE TEA French Bean

Weed Intensity (m2) at Low weed Low weed Low
different stages of crop Intensity Intensity
growth

Number of weeding 3 times 3 times 2 times

Implements/tools used Garden hoe, Garden hoe, Hand hoe
Khurpi Khurpi
Records on most prevalent Aleusine Perennial Phalaris
weeds indica grasses minor
Cyperus
sp.
Cynodon
dactylon
Details of herbicide used NIL Glyphosate Nil
@0.3 lit/ bigha
Whether weeding operations N/A Yes Yes
are performed in time ( if not,
give reasons)
88|P age
 C. IRRIGATION

Crop Rice Tea French Bean

SourceofWater Rainfed Rainfed Rainfed

Methodofirrigation No irrigation No irrigation Surface irrigation
Depthofirrigation - - -
Numberofirrigation - - 2

Timeofirrigation - - As per the crop

requirement
Drainagefacilities Yes No -

D. SPECIAL OPERATIONS >

i. Thinning/gapfilling: Not done

ii. Training/pruning: Training and pruning done in Tea
iii. Method and stage of training and pruning: N/A
iv. Propping, wrapping, smudging and cleaning : N/A
v. Anyother: N/A

Conclusion:

Cultural management in the Host farmer’s field was seen to be moderate, although
not regular. This is because ,the people of the village are lacking with the
knowledge of importance of cultural management of crops.

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 ANNEXURE III (c)
Course No: RAWEP 415:: Course Title: Crop Production

Component III:Nutrient management on crops

1.Manuresand Manuring:

Particulars Rice Tea French bean

2q/bigha 2q/bigha
Organic
manures
andrateof
application
(q ha-1)
Source of NIL Urea- N
nutrients 30 kg I
andrateofappli SSP- L
cation 25
(kg ha-1) Borax
- 5 kg

Whetherthefe No No N/A
rtilizerschedu
le is as
perrecomme
ndation
Time of NIL Before onset of FYM
fertilizersappli Monsoon, applied
cationandmeth Broadcasting during soil
odofapplication preparation
, basal
application

Whether the NIL Yes NO

fertilizers are
applied at
optimum time
and adopted
recommended
method?

Micronutrients -- -- N/A
and
rateofapplicatio
n
Soilamendment -- --
Otherparticulars -- -- -

90|P age
Conclusion:

The author’s farmer used FYM, manures, vermicompost etc as nutrients for the
crops. He didn’t go for any chemicals as the vegetables grown were mainly for
home consumption. His crops didn’t suffer from much nutrient deficiency and
were seen standing healthy.

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 ANNEXURE III (d)

Course No: RAWEP 415: :

Course Title: Crop Production Component IV:

Harvesting and post harvest operations

Harvesting, processing and storage:

PARTICULARS
CROPS GROWN RICE TEA FRENCH
BEAN
1. Symptoms of Yellowing of Tender leaves
maturity Panicles
2. Method of harvest Manual harvest by Manual harvest
cutting the panicles by plucking
with the help of a
sickle
3. No. of 5 (according to Once in a week
pickings/plucking weather condition)

4.Mode of transportation from By thela from field to By thela from

field home field to home

5.Method and Drying in home Not done

duration of drying frontyard

6. Method of threshing, Threshing by Not done

winnowing,drying,baggin farmer’s Motor bike
g etc

7. Processing Not done Not done

8. Mode of transportation Tempo, Thela Tempo, Thela

9. Method of storage for seed NIL Nil

10. Protection against storage NIL Nil

pests and diseases

11. Protection against storage NIL Nil

pests and diseases

12. Record of processing and NIL Nil

value addition
 YIELD AND RETURNS:

Crops Grown RICE TEA FRENCH

BEAN
YIELD 4 quintel/bigha 16 quintel/bigha

RETURNS @Rs 2200/q @Rs. 3000/q

Rs. 8,800/bigha Rs. 48,000/bigha

Conclusion: The finals products are not processed. They were either kept in storage

for consumption or are sold at markets.

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 ANNEXURE III (e)
Course No: RAWEP 415 :: Course Title: Crop Production

Component V: Integrated farming system (IFS).

A. Economics of different components :

COMPONENTS AREA/NO COST OF RETURN NET PROFIT

PRODUCTION

CROPS:
FIELD CROPS-
RICE 0.8ha0 Rs.18,000 Rs. Rs
French Bean .04ha0 Rs.600Rs 61,000Rs. 43,000Rs.
150 1050Rs 450Rs
500 350
HORTICULTURAL
CROPS-
TEA 0.02ha Rs200 Rs1000R Rs800
PUMPKIN 0.06ha Rs3000 s9000 Rs6000
CARROT

Sericulture Nil Nil Nil Nil

Dairy 2 Nil Nil Nil

Poultry 10 Nil Nil Nil

Duckery Nil Nil Nil Nil

Fishery Nil Nil Nil Nil

Others - - - -

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B) Describe the integration among the different components:
Integrated farming system allowed integrating the different components like dairy,
poultry,etc. with crop whereas by-products or waste products of one component can be
used as afeed for the other. These components are interdependent. Thus it helped to
increase the farm resource use efficiency for increasing farm income and employment
opportunity.

Crop Cowdung

Cow dung was used as manure for the crops.The crop stubbles and residues were used
as feed for the cattle and as mulching material.

Moreover, excreta of duck & poultry can also be used as manure which is rich in
nitrogen.The farmer also uses the left over vegetables waste as composts and use as
organic fertilizer in his field.Thus it builds an integration among different components.

C)Possible intervention and profit:

 Fish could be reared in the pond and this would increase one component (fish).

 The pond embankments could be used for planting for age crops and also
horticultural crops in the waste land like citrus, banana, guava.

 The duckery shed could be constructed over the pond near the embankments so that the
excreta of the ducks can be used as feed for the fishes.

 A Jersy cow or Cross Breed milch could be reared instead of local breed which
would give an extrain come (by selling milk).

 Multi storied cropping as well as double cropping could be done that will provide
more income from small area.

 Azolla cultivation can be incorporated in the rice fields.

 The farmer can also start banana plantation in his homestead garden. The pseudostem
of banana can be used for vermicompsting whereas the leaves of banana plants can be
used as mulching material.

 Planting of turmeric and ginger as an intercrop was also suggested to the farmer.

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 09/09/2024 18/11/2024 03/11/2024
Date of record

Nameofthefarmer Mr. Surojit Mr. Mintu Mr. Raju kumar

Chetia Gogoi Gohain
Nameofthevillage Phutahula Phutahula Phutahula

Name of the crop Pumpkin Cabbage

Stage of the crop Sowing Brinjal Head formation
fruting

Name of thevariety Sakata Local Local

Names of Red Fruit and shoot Alternaria blight

pests/Diseases/ pumpkin borer
nematode beetle
Intensity of Minor Minor Moderate
theinfestation

Symptoms Large holes Boring of Black spots on leaves

produced by in plant fruits by the and the spots have dark
pests/diseases/ne tissues larva centre
matodes

Management Nil Nil Removal of infected

practices leaves

ITKs adopted NIL NIL NIL

Cropping Intensity of Year (AUGUST –
DECEMBER )

● Net cultivated Area= 1.47158 ha

● Cultivated Crops for Rabi
1. Rice = 0.80268 ha
2. Tea = 0.40134 ha
3. French Bean = 0.1070 ha
Cropping Intensity = 89.089%

Conclusion: A survey and surveillance on pest and disease was conducted covering
the following crops, viz, Rice, French bean, Pumpkin, Tea, King chilli. No major pest
and diseases infestation was recorded as the farmers followed different intercultural
operations in their field. Hence, there was no heavy yield losses.

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 ANNEXURE IV(b)
CourseNo: RAWEP414 (I) :: Course Title: Plant Protection

Components II: Preparation of Insect pest and disease calendar

Table: Pest Calender

Name of Date of Stage of Pest Intensity of Control

crops/ variety Record Crop occured attack measures
adopted by
farmers
Citrus 20/09/2024 Fruting Citrus leaf Low Spraying
stage miner of neem oil

Brinjal 29/09/2024 Fruting Fruit and Low Spraying

stage shot borer of neem oil

Tomato 04/10/2024 Maturity Whitefly Minor Spraying

stage soap
solution
Chilli 24/10/2024 Flower Whitefly Minor Spraying
initiation soap
solution
Bottle gourd 01/11/2024 Fruting Fruitfly Low Nil
stage

Tea 21/11/2024 Maturity Red spider Low Spraying

stage mite Of
Azadirachtin
s
Table: Disease Calendar :

Name of Date of Stage of Diseases Diseases Control

Crop record crop incidence/ measures
100| severity adopted by
P the farmers
age Rice 10/09/2024 Tillering Blast of rice Low Removal of
stage infected
leaves
Brinjal 22/09/2024 Fruting Stem rot Very high Nil
stage
Tomato 24/10/2024 Fruit Early blight Low Nil
growth
Chilli 24/10/2024 Flower Anthracnose Low Mancozeb 2g
initiation of chilli per L of water
Citrus 02/11/2024 Fruiting Gummosis Medium Spraying of
1% Bordeaux
mixture
Bottle 12/11/2024 Fruit Angular leaf Low Chlorothalonil
gourd growth spot spray @ 2g/L
Bean 18/11/2024 Harvesting Angular leaf Moderate Removal of
stage spot affected plant
and pods
Assam 28/11/2024 Vegetative Citrus Low NSKE 5%
lemon stage canker during new
flush

Betal vine 28/10/2024 Spike Bacterial Low Collection

formation leaf spot and
destruction of
infected leaf
Conclusion: A disease and pest calendar was maintained for the following crops.
Records of infestations were noted on different dates andstages of the crop growth. No
severe intensity of pest and diseases were found and hence there was no significanty ield
loss.

101|P age
 ANNEXURE V [a (i)]
Course No:RAWEP 413:Course Title: Rural Economics

AGRO - ECONOMIC SURVEY

(Questionnaire)

1. Identification:
Village: Phutahula

Mouza/district: Modarkhat,
Dibrugarh

Block: Lahowal
Name of the student: Anisha

Chakraborty

Date of Survey: 12/11/2024 to

28/11/2024

1.1 Location and approach

a. Distance from the district/sub-division headquarter: 17 km
b. Has the village easy accessibility in all seasons of the year? If not, in which part
of the year and what is the mode of approach? Yes, the village was well
connected to Mayong town and its nearby areas.
c. Topography(plain/Hills): Lowlands
d. Altitude: 67mabovemeansealevel

Table:The distance of the village from the following centres:

SL CENTRE APPROXIMATE DISTANCE

NO FROM THE VILLAGE
.
1. (a)District/sub-division 22km
Headquarters
b)Block Headquarters 17km
2. Post office/Telegraphoffice 2 km
3. Railway station/Bus station 16km(Railwaystation)
5-6km (Bus station)

102|P age
4. All weather motor able road <1 km (Highway)
5. Primary/middle school Amidst the village (1 km)
6. High school/college High school – Amidst the village

7. Godown/warehouse Not any

8. Cooperative credit society -

9. Commercial Bank/Regional 3.5 km (Allahabad Bank, Assam Gramin
Vikas Bank )
RuralBank
10. Other Important Centres (Name
4 km ( Krishi Vigyan Kendra,
the type of centres) Dibrugarh)

1.2. Communication, Transport and Marketing

(a) What kind of transport facilities is available in the village?

• Mini taxi, Tempo, Magic, Auto

(b) Note the storage facilities available, with details and capacity and rates charged.

• Nil

© Mention the nearest wholesale and retail markets.

 Sl Wholesale/Retail market Location Distance(in Produce handled
no. kms)

1 Dibrugarh wholesale Dibrugarh 24 km All seasonal fruits,

vegetables, spice,
condiments, meat, fish.

2 Chabua wholesale Chabua 24 km All seasonal fruits,

vegetables, spice,
condiments, meat, fish.

3 Tinsukia wholesale Tinsukia 30 km All seasonal fruits,

market vegetables, spice,
condiments, meat, fish

4 Ghoramora retail Ghoramora, 6 km All seasonal fruits,

market Lahowal vegetables, spice,
condiments, meat, fish

5 Lahowal retail market Lahowal, 16 km All seasonal fruits,

Dibrugarh vegetables, spice,
condiments, meat, fish

6 Dikom retail market Dikom, 16 km All seasonal fruits,

Dibrugarh vegetables, spice,
condiments, meat, fish

Table: Communication, Transport and Marketing

(a) Is there any regulated market nearby? - Yes

(b) How agricultural produce is disposed in general? - Through Bicycle and Tempo and personal vehicle

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1.2 VitalStatistics

Table:Vitalstatistics

Population 2001 2011 % increase or

decrease
1. Males 574 665 13.7%
a) Adults (15 years and above)
b) Children(15 years and below) No

Subtotal : 574 665 13.7%

2. Females 569 584 2.6%
a)Adults (15 years and above)
b)Children(15 years and below)
Subtotal : 569 584 2.6%
Grand Total : 1143 1249 8.5%
Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 males) 991:1000 878:1000 -

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1Page
1.3 Occupational distribution:

Table:Occupational distribution:

Particulars 2001

i) No. of cultivators 105

ii) No. of agricultural workers 15

iii) No. of non-agricultural workers 1

iv) Others (Business) 193

1.4 Structuraldistributionofholding:

Table: Structural distribution of holding:

Farm size (ha) Number Percentage to Area Percentage to total

total (ha)
Less than 1.00 - 65-70% - -
1.00 - 2.00 - 20-30% - -
2.00 - 4.00 - 5-10% - -
4.00 – 6.00 - - - -
6.00 & above - - - -
Total - 100% - -

2.2. Land utilization (in hectares)

Sl. Items 2011
No.

1. Geographical area 309.61 ha

2. Net area sown 135.8 ha

3.
Sl. N3. Area sown more than once ---

4. Total cropped area ----

5. Forests 0

6. Barren and un-cultivable land 0

7. Land put to non agricultural use 140 ha

8. Cultivable wasteland 8.4 ha

9. Permanent pastures and other grazing 14.2 ha

land
10. Land under misc. tree crops and groves 11.2 ha

11. Current fallows 0

12.12. Other fallow land 0

2.2 A.Irrigation (Sourcewise)

Table:Irrigation sourceofthehostvillage
SlNo: Source Number Area Irrigated(in
hectares)

1. River No -

2. Canals No -

3. Tanks (Private) No -

4. Wells No -

5. Tube wells No -

6. Net area irrigated - 0

7. Un-irrigated land area - 135.8 ha

2.3 `Cropping pattern

(a)Area under different crop in the farm(in ha):

Table: Area under different crop in the farm

Crops
Kharif
1. Sali rice 99.1 ha 7 ha
2. Kharif 3.04 ha 0.12
vegetables
Rabi
1.oilseeds 1.64 0.78 ha
2. Potato 2.07
3. Rabi vegetables
Others (fruits) 2.3 ha 0.4 ha
Total 108.25 ha
b) Area under fruits, vegetables and plantation crops grown in the
homestead garden (in hectares)

Crop Area (in ha)

Fruits 2.39 ha

Plantation 1.67 ha
Agro–forestry (bamboo etc) 2.60 ha

Kharif and rabi Vegetables 16 ha

Flowers 1.02 ha

Others 0.89 ha

c) Major Crop rotation/mixed

crops

Major Cropping system in the Village: (a) Paddy- Oilseed- Rabi vegetables
(b) Paddy- Pulses- Rabi vegetables

One year a) Ridge gourd/ash

rotation gourd-cabbage/cauliflower/knolkhol
b) Ridge gourd/ash gourd-tomato/brinjal
Two year Not adopted
rotation

Three year Not adopted

rotation
Imortant mixed a) Arecanut + Black Pepper
cropping b) Cucurbits + brinjal + tomato
c) Arecanut + Betalvine

108|P age
waste
waste
2.4. Problems of irrigation, drainage and soil management, if any
1.Proper irrigation facilities are not available.
2.Proper irrigation schedule is not followed.
3.Erratic supply of electricity in the village.
4.Due to price hike of diesel, farmers cannot afford diesel run water pumps.
5.Less awareness of government policies and schemes related to irrigation and soil

3. Input supply

3.1 Extent of area covered under HYV and Local varieties (in hectare)

SL.No. Crop HYV Local

1. Rice 78 ha 21 ha

2. Rapseed 1.23 ha 0.41 ha

3. Solanaceous 1.89 ha 0.18

crops
4. Cucurbitaceo 1.5 ha 0.65 ha
us crops
5. Cole crops 6.3 ha 1.7 ha

3.2 Sourcesfrom whichHYVseedobtained

Sources/Agency/Institution Quantity obtained Area covered

1. Krishi Vigyan N/A N/A

Kendra

2. Seed corporation N/A N/A

3. Nursery N/A N/A

4. Local seed market 125 Kg N/A

3.3 Indicate the difficulties faced by the farmers in getting the HYV

(a) High Cost of HYV

(b) Lack of awareness andinformation
(c) Departmental supply and Govt. support isinsufficient
(d) Non-availability of seeds at propertime

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3.1Manures,fertilizersandchemicals:
Table:CropwiseapplicationofManauresandFertilizersperha.

3.1.1 Difficulties experienced insecuring fertilizers, if any.

1. Non availability of fertilizer in time.
2. Delay in supplying fertilizer by Government,
3. High cost for less number of reliable sources.

3.4. Plant protection measures per hectare

Sl No. Crop Manures Fertilizers Total NPK Total

(Kg) Cost
Qty (q) Val Qty Valu Qt Valu
ue (kg) e y e
(Rs) (Rs) (kg (Rs)
)
1. Rice 20 200 247 2139 71. 2139 9639
7

2. Turmeric/ 75 7500 375 3375 115 3375 1087

ginger .5 5

3. Cole crops 75 7500 585 5182. 170 5182. 1268

5 .25 5 2.5

4. Cucurbitaceous 75 7500 356. 3150 104 3150 1065

crops 25 .25 0

5. Solanaceous 75 7500 375 115.5 115 3375 1087

crops .5 5
 Difficulties experienced in securing fertilizers, if any

Lack of information of recommended fertilizers and their mode of application.

Non availability of equipments e.g sprayers
The fertilizer store is far away from the village.

SL.No. Materials Quantity(kg) Price(Rs/qty) Totalcos

t(Rs)
1 Bordeaux 600 lt 2.5 1500
Mixture
2 Furadon 1 kg 8860 8860
3 Malathion 1 kg 700 700
111|P age
 3.1.1. Indicate problems in securing pesticides and fungicides:
(i) The price for insecticides/fungicides was too high for the farmers.
(ii)Customary disbelief.
(iii) Lack of equipments like sprayer for using the chemicals

4. Agricultural Labour:
4.1. a) Agricultural labour availability : Easily available
b) Methods of employment : permanent or hired labour
c) Modes of wage payment : Cash payment
4.2. Estimate the supply of labour units per annum- NA
4.3. Work out the demand of labour units based on per crop and per
hectare.
Population of the village (both adult males and females above 16 yrs)
=1,249
Potential labour (16 to 60 yrs) i.e.70%=1249*(70/100)= 874.3 units
Number of working days in any region in an agricultural year is 130 MD Supply:
Total supply of the labour units= 874*130MD
= 113620 MD Demand:
Labour schedule for each crop and per hectare:
S Crop name A Manday To
l no. rea (in s/ha tal
ha) MDS
1 Sali rice 63 77 48
51
2 Cucurbitac 27.5 24 66
eous crops 0

3 Cole crops 44 16 71
.5 2
4 Solanaceou
s crops
5 Others 25 20 50
0
Total 16 67
0 23
Available supply of man days - 113620 days
Available demand of man days - 6723 man days

112|P age
4.4 Whether the labour is adequate or deficit. Comment?

The labour availability in the village was adequate in nature.

The labour force even though adequate in the village, was found to be more engaged in
non-agricultural works.
Therefore, a shift in the agricultural labour availability had been observed in the village resulting
in the creation of gap in the demand and supply of labour force.
Mostly, the farmers use home labour for the cultivation of the crops.

4.5 Wages rates (Rs/unit):

Operation BPD Men(MD) Women(MD) Child(MD) Contract

Land
preparation 100 200 - 300 per
(i)Ploughing bigha
(ii)Levelling 400 per
(iii)Others bigha

Transplanting - 250 200

Weeding - -
Cultural - -
Operation
Plant Protection - -
Harvesting - 250 200
Threshing - 200 180
Others - - -

113|P age
5. Agricultural Credit:

I.Institutional source:-

The farmers of the village do not take any loan from the cooperative banks and
other institutional agencies as they do not have adequate knowledge about the different
schemes offered by the government, sufficient repayment capacity and lengthy formalities
which have to be followed.

II.Non-institutional source:

Purpose Agril. Money Professional Traders Others (relatives0

lender Money lender

Amt Rate of Amt Rate of Amt Rate of Amt Rate of

(Rs) interest (Rs) interest (Rs) interest (Rs) interest

Crop - - - - - - 10,000- 4%
production 20,000

The farmers normally use the income generated from the previous season to incur the
cost of production of the succeeding crops. During the survey, it was found that the
interest rates of available non institutional sources are very high, around 4%.

114|P age
6. Village Industries

6.1 What are the different agro-based industries existing in the village?

-Phulampur Tea Company Private Limited.

6.2 Indicate further scope to setup any other type of agro-based industry?

The village has got a lot of scope regarding establishment of agro based industries,

as the village is rich in resources that can used as raw materials.

The following industries are found to be feasible in the village and expected to

give high return:

1) Small scale industry like pickles, jam, jelly etc,

2) Mushroom production unit

3) Indigenous juice production unit

115|P age
7 .Wholesale and retail prices of Agricultural Products

Sl Product Source Price/quintal (Rs)

No.
Wholesale price Retail Price
(Rs./qtl) (Rs/qtl)

1. Rice Local market 1250-2500 1750-3000

2. Potato Local Market 2500-3000 3000-3500

3. Cabbage Local Market 1000-1200 1500

4. Pumpkin Local Market 1500-2000 2000-2500

5 Bean Local Market 1500-1800 2000-2300

6 Rapeseed Local Market 1800-3000 2000-3500

7 Turmeric Local Market 8000 8500

8 Ginger Local Market 10000 11000

9 Garlic Local Market 5000-6000 5500-6500

10 Radish Local Market 800-1000 1300-1500

116|P age
8. APPROPRIATE FARM PLAN FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT FOR PHUTAHULA GAON.
Plan: Vermi-composting unit
Introduction
There is a growing realization that vermi-composting provides the nutrients and
growth enhancing hormones necessary for plant growth. The fruits, flowers and
vegetables and other plant products grown using vermi-compost are reported to have
better keeping quality. A growing number of individuals and institutions are taking
interest in the production of compost utilising earthworm activity. Some of them are
ventured into commercial production. The process of composting crop residues using
earthworms (Eiseniafoetida) and comprise spreading the agricultural wastes and cow
dung in layers as 1.5 m wide and 0.9 m high beds of required length. Earthworms are
introduced in between the layers @ 350 worms per m3 of bed volume. The beds are
maintained at about 40 - 50% moisture content and a temperature of 20 - 30° C by
sprinkling water over the beds. The earthworms being voracious eaters consume the
biodegradable matter and give out a part of the matter as excreta or vermi-castings.
The vermi-casting containing nutrient is rich manure for the plants.
When the commercial scale production is aimed at in addition to the cost of
production, considerable amount has to be invested initially on capital items. The
capital cost may work out to about Rs.1500 to Rs.2500 for every tonne of compost
produced annually. So, by introducing this plan it will be profitable and socially
viable for the village on which it will create more employment opportunities and will
help in rural upliftment by adopting it commercially.
Vermi-compost, apart from supplying nutrients and growth enhancing hormones to
plants, improves the soil structure leading to increase in water and nutrient holding
capacities of soil. Chemical fertilizer in moderate doses can go along with
vermincoposting.
Location of Vermicomposting unit
Phutahula is a village in East Dibrugarh which lies between major neighboring
villages; Nagaon and Dongorpathor etc, which is an ideal location for practice of
vermcomposting unit on a large scale.
COMPONENTS OF A COMMERCIAL UNIT
Sheds
The Sheds could be of thatched roof supported by bamboo rafters and purlins,
wooden trusses and stone pillars. If the size is so chosen as to prevent wetting of beds
due to rain on a windy day, they could be open sheds. While designing the sheds
adequate room has to be left around the beds for easy movement of the labour
attending to the filling and harvesting the beds.
Vermi-beds
The beds of 75 cm - 90 cm thick are taken depending on the provision of filter for
drainage of excess water. The entire bed area could be above the ground. Care should
be taken to make the bed with uniform height over the entire width to the extent
possible to avoid low production owing to low bed volumes. The bed width is of 1.5
m to allow easy access to the centre of the bed.
Land
One bigha land is recommended for the village to set up a vermin-culture production.
The land can be taken on lease of at least 10 years.
Buildings
As the activity is propose to take up on a large scale on commercial lines,
considerable amount may have to be spent on buildings to house the office, store the
raw material and finished product and provide minimum accommodation to the
Manager and workers. The cost of the buildings along with the electrification of these
buildings and the vermi-sheds may be included under this item. Proper fencing and
transportation is to be considered.
Seed Stock
Worms @ 350 worms per m3 of bed space should be adequate to start with and to
build up the required population in about two cycles or three without unduly affecting
the estimated production.
Water Supply System : The beds should always be kept moist with about 50%
moisture content, so there is a need to plan for a water source, lifting mechanism and
a system of conveying and applying the water to the vermi-beds.
Machinery
Only a sorter machine is sufficient to sort finer Vermi-compost. Implements are
required for cutting (shredding) the raw material in small pieces, conveying shredded
raw material to the vermi-sheds, loading, unloading, collection of compost, loosening
of beds for aeration, shifting of the compost before packing and for air drying of the
compost, automatic packing and stitching for efficient running of the unit.
Operational Costs
In order to operate the unit, expenditure on some items has to be incurred on a
recurring basis. These items include salaries of the staff, wages to the laborers, cost
of raw material, fuel cost on transport of raw materials and finished goods, packing
material cost, repairs and maintenance, power, insurance, etc. The numbers of office
personnel and labors have to be decided breaking each activity into a number of sub-
activities and for each sub-activity estimating the work involved and the capacity of
the labour to finish the work in a given time.
Cost of Setting Up a Vermi-compost Unit (For 50 tonnes Per annum)
1. Investment Cost
Particulars Cost(Rs.)

1. Buildings 40,000

2. Machineries and 15,000

Implements

3. VermiTank(Low cost)(3m x 10,000

1.5m x 1m) (20 tanks@Rs.
500/Tank)

4. Water Tank 5000

Total 70,000

2. Fixed Cost

Particulars Cost(Rs.)

1. Permanent Labour(2 48,000

nos@Rs.
2000/ month)

2. Bamboo, Ropes, Wires and 2000

Shading materials

3. Land Revenue 15

4. Interest on 8400
Investment
Cost@12%

5. Depreciation@10% 5500

Total 63915

3. Working Capital
Particulars Cost(Rs.)
1. Earthworms (25,000 nos.) 25,000

2. Raw materials(Water 20000

Hyacinth+ Cow dung
+Agricultural waste+
Horticultural Waste)
 3. Hired Labour(4 nos.) 40,000

4. Miscellaneous 5000

5. Interest@12% 10800

Total 1,00,800

Total Cost = Fixed cost + Working Cost=63915+100800=1, 64,715

Returns
Particulars Cost(Rs.)
1. Vermicompost(40 3,20,000
tonnes@
Rs. 8/ kg)
2.Earthworms(200 10000
kg @Rs. 50)

Total Rs. 3,30,000

Total Gross Return = Rs. 3, 30,000

Net-Return= Total Gross return – Total Cost
= 3, 30,000-1,64,715= Rs. 1,65,285
B: C Ratio = 2.01
Means of Finance
The banks they are providing Loan for setting up of vermicompost unit by
contributing 70% (@12% interest) of the total cost and Promoters 30%
Banks@12% interest = 70% of 1, 64,715 = Rs. 1, 15,300
Promoters= 30% of 1, 64,715 = Rs. 49,415
Repayment Schedule
Y Loan Princ Interes To Ba
ea Amou ipal t@12% tal lanc
r nt(Rs.) Amo amo e
unt(Rs. unt
)
1 1,15,3 38433 13836 52 76
. 00 .33 269. 866.
33 67
2 76866 38433 9464 47 38
 . .67 .33 897. 433.
33 33
3 38433 38433 4611.9 43 0
. .33 .33 045.
32

Break-Even Analysis
Particulars Cost
a) Fixed Cost 63915

b) Sales value 330000

c) Variable Cost 100800

d) Break Even Point [a/ (b – c)] 0.28

Conclusion:
Vermi-compost Production unit holds immense importance for the socio-
economic development of the farmers in particular and the village in general.
Benefits of one such plant include- employment generation, waste disposal,
efficient utilization of locally available resources and production of quality inputs
for agriculture to name a few.

117|P age
 ANNEXUREV[a (ii)]
GUIDESHEET FOR AGRO-ECONOMIC SURVEY
A balance sheet of agricultural labour units taking the supply and
demand is as follows:
SUPPLY
Populationofthevillage both malesandfemales

=1221Potentiallabour (16to 70yrs) =70%

=1221×70%

=854.7units

No.ofworkdaysinanyregioninanAgriculturalyearinsinglecroppedareais
AverageMandays
TotalLabour unitsavailable =854.7×130

=111111Mandays

DEMAND
a)LabourSchedule for1ha(Rice).

Sl.No. Operations Labour(Mandays)

Man Woman
1. LandPreparation 50 -
2. NurseryRaising 2 -
3. FYMapplication - -
4. Uprooting - 4
5 Weeding and - -
Interculturaloperations
6. Fertilizers 8 -
7. Irrigation 10 -
8. Transplanting - 35
9. PlantProtection 4 -
10. Harvesting - 30
11. Transportation 4 -
12. Threshing 4 -
13. Winnowing 2 9
Total 84 78
TotalNo.ofMandaysforrice:164
118|P age
c)LabourscheduleforToriacultivationperhectare

Sl.No. Operations Labour(Mandays)

Man Woman
1. LandPreparation 10 -
2. FYMapplication - -
3. Fertilizer 7 -
4. Planting 10 -
5 Spraying 7 -
6. Harvesting 25 -
7. Threshing 20 -
Total 79 -

TotalNo.ofMandays forToria:79

TotalDemand:

Sl. Crop Area(ha) Mandays/ha

TotalMandays
No.

1. Rice 70 164 11,480

3. Toria 70 79 5,530

TotalMandays =17010

SupplyMandays =11,11,11

Demand Mandays =17010

Conclusion:Thelabourwasadequateforthehostvillagebecausethedemandwaslessthanthesupp
ly.

119|P age
 ANNEXURE V[b(i)]
CourseNo.:RAWEP413CourseTitle:RuralEconomicsCom
ponent:FarmPlanning andBudgeting
Farmplanningandbudgetingwasdefinedastheprocessofmakingdecisions regardingthe
organization and operations of a farm business so that it results in a
continuousmaximizationofnetreturnsofafarm.Itreferredtosettingtheobjectivesandactionsto
betakenindirectingorcontrollingtheorganizationoffarmbusinessanditspreceds
allothermanagerialfunctions on the farmtoachievethedesired results.

Evaluatingthepresentfarmsituationwithrespectto:

(a)ResourcePosition:-

(i) Land:-
TheOperationalholdingofthehostfarmerwas0.93ha.TheLandwaslowandmediumlandwhere
Riceinkharifin0.8halandwasdone.Thesoilwasacidic,sandyloamwith medium fertility.
Drainage was little problem in crop. Irrigation was a big problemforRabi
crops.Moreover,the housing areaofthehost farmeris 0.26 ha.

(ii) Labour:-

Family labour:- Two members of his family were engaged in farming activities full

timePermanentlyhired labour:-Nil

Labouravailability:-
Labourswerenotavailableinthevillage,howeverthedemandandsupplyfluctuates
overtimeandgrowingseason ofthecrops.Labourcostareveryhigh.

Wages:-Wageratesaredifferentfordifferentactivitiesanddependonnatureofoperationto be
performed. However the rate generally ranges from Rs.300-Rs.350 in case of
manlabourer and Rs. 200-Rs.250/-in caseofwomen labour.

Peakperiods:-Peakperiodsinpaddyasobservedatthetimeoftransplantingandweedingetc.

(iii) Availability of draught animals: -The farmer didn’t have any draught animal.
Heusedhis tractorto ploughhisland andalso used fortransportation purposes.

(iv) Capital:-The host farmer performed his farming activities with the capital
earnedfrom previous season crops .
120|P age
 (v) Farm building: - The farmer has a cattle shed and a poultry shed costing
aroundRs.5000/-and 7000/-respectively.

(vi) Equipmentandmachinery:-Thefarmerhas2handhoe,3khurpi,3sickle.

(vii) Organization :- Farmer was not so skilled. He had lack of knowledge

aboutrecommended package&practice.

(viii) Irrigation:-Nil
ii) Crops grown:-The farmer cultivates crops mainly vegetables in rabi season
andhecultivatedRiceinkharifseason.Thefarmercultivatescropsmainlyvegetables(Potat
o,tomato, etc) in rabi season and he cultivated Rice in kharif
season.ThehostfarmerlikedtocontinuethegrowingofOkraandKingchilliasitwouldgive
higher return. The author had also suggested an improvement plan in the
cultivationoftheseparticularcropsalongwith thealternate plan.

iii) Extentofresourcesused:

.COSTOFCULTIVATIONIN BORO RICE(4.5Bighas):

Amoun Labour Wages Totala
Sl. Qty
Particulars t (No.) (Rs.) mount(
No (kg)
(Rs. M W M W Rs.)
/kg)
1. Landpreparation - 2 - 300 - 600
Chargesonpowert - - 1 - - - 6300
iller
2. Nurseryraising - -- - 2 - 250 500
3. FYM(q)/ - - - - - - -
cowdungandash
4. Seed(Kg) 14 300 - - - - 4200
5. Fertilizer

Urea 80 10 - - - - 800
DAP 80 32 - - - - 2560
6. Transplanting - - - 6 - 250 1500
7. Irrigationcharges - - - - - - 8000
8. Harvesting - - 2 2 300 250 1100
9. Plantprotection - - - - - - 600
10. Weeding - - - 5 - 250 1250
11. Others(Carr - - - - - - 2000
ying&Thres
hing)
12. Winnowing - - - 2 - 250 500
Total 29910

121|P age
 B. COSTOFCULTIVATIONINTORIA (4BIGHAS)

Labour Wages Total

Sl. Qty Amoun (No.) (Rs.) amou
Particulars
No (kg) t(Rs.) M W M W nt(Rs
.)
1. Landpreparation - - 2 - 300 - 600
Chargesonpowert - - - - - - 5000
iller
2. FYM(q)/ - - - - - - -
cowdungandash
3. Seed 4 - - - - - -
4. Fertilizer

Urea 80 10 - - - - 800
DAP 160 32 - - - - 5120
5. Transplanting - - 2 - 300 - 600
6. Irrigationcharges - - - - - - -
7. Harvesting - - - - - - 2400
8. Plantprotection - - - - - - -
9. Weeding - - - - - - -
10. Landrentalvalue - - - - - - 6000
11. Others(Carr - - - - - - 2000
ying&Thres
hing)
Total 22520

122|Page
B.COSTOFCULTIVATIONINMAIZE (5BIGHAS)

Labour Wages
Sl. Amoun (No.) (Rs.)
Particulars Qty Total
No t M W M W
1. Landpreparation - - 6 - 300 - 1800
Chargesonpowert - - - - - - 5200
iller
2. FYM (q)/ - - - - - - -
cowdungandash
3. Seed(Kg) 15 600 - - - - 9000
4. Fertilizer

Urea 325 10 - - 3250

DAP 225 32 - - 7200
5. Transplanting - - - - - - 1000
6. Irrigationcharges - - - - - - 5000
7. Harvesting - - - - - - 2500
8. Plantprotection - - - 1625
9. Weeding - - 2500
10. Landrevenue - - - - - - 8000
Total 47075

123|P age
2. Riskinthefarmproduction:
Weather aberration is the main risk associated with the crop. Moreover,
seasonalpestanddiseas incidence mayalso causeseveredamagetothestandingcrop.
3. Weaknessintheexistingfarm:

The prime weakness in the existing plan is that the farmer doesnot follow
theappropriatepackageofpracticeandrecommendedfertilizerdoses.Hefollowsonlyth
e indigeneous cultivation practices. Lack of technical knowledge and using
theconventionalvarietiesaswellaspackageofpracticeshinderthegrowthofthefarm.
4. Alternatefarmplanning:

The author’s host farmer can adopt other enterprise to increase its farm icome
ashe has lot of land area available to establish a good farm in his homestead
gardenor in his crop field.As author’s host farmer accumulate a lot of paddy straw
afterharvestingof paddy, theauthor suggested him to establisha Mushroom unit
toincreasehis income.

PlanI:Setting upaMushroomunit:

A.Fixed cost:

Particular Costs
ConstructionofCroppinghouse 8000/-
(6×2.5×3m)
Shedhouse 4000/-
(3×2.5×3m)
Polythenesheet(10×12ft) 600/-
Sprayer 200/-

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e
 Strawcutter 3000/-
SealingMachine 6000/-
Balancemachine 1200/-
Whitecolouredplasticsheet 1000/-
Miscellaneous 2000
Total 26,000/-

B.WorkingCapital(peryear)
Particular Cost
Ricestraw -
Polythenebags 2500/-
Spawn 12000/-
Fungicides 1000/-
Plasticropes 500/-
Depreciation(10%) 1400/-
Miscellaneous 3000/
Total 20,400/-

Totalcost:Fixedcost+ workingcapital

=26,000+20,400

=46400

Expectedcostof enterpriseis Rs.46400

Income:

1.5kgfromeach bag

Thereare almost800 bundlesin theyear. Therefore,totalyield is

1200Kg.Ifthereis10%loss dueto somefactor,thereforetotal productionin theyear is
1080kg.

Ifthesell priceisRs200/kg,

Then, total gross income is (1080×200)= Rs 2,16,000/-

Therefore,Netincomeis(Rs.2,16,000-46400)=169600

125|P age
 B:CRatio=4.6:1

Hence,theauthor’shostfarmercanaddadecentamountofRs.1,69,000tohisnetincome
by incorporating the mushroom enterprise into his existing croppingsystem.

PlanII:EconomicsofHoneyBeeunit
For5numberofboxes.In
come
• Honeyproduces from 1honeybeebox in 1year=6kg
• Therefore,honeyproducefrom 5nosofboxes in1year=30kg
• Local priceof1 kghoney=Rs 350/-
• Therefore, price of 80 kg honey = Rs 10500/-
Expenditure
• Expenditureon 5 boxesinayear(feed, box)=Rs 5000/-

Profit
• FromHoneybeebox=Rs (10500-5000)
=Rs 5500/-
B:CRATIO=2.1:1

Conclusion: Adopting the alternating plan along with the existing plan will provide
amaximum profit to the farmer as the alternate plan B:C ratios are higher than 2, so
thisalternate farm will definitely help the farmer to increase the net income of the farm
landwith proper utilization of all the availableresources.

126|P age
 ANNEXURE V[b(ii)]

COURSE NO.: RAWEP 413::COURSE TITLE:

RURALECONOMICS

 FARMHOLDINGSURVEY

1. General:
Village:RajaMayong
NameoftheHostfarmer:Mr.MadhuramNath
MainOccupation:Farming
Subsidiaryoccupation:Business

2. Detailsoffamily:

Name Age Relatio Occupation Remarks

n (Name&annualincome)
shipto
Main Subsidary
theHea
d
Mr.Madhu 58 Head Farming LICAgent Independent
ramNath

Mrs. 51 Wife HouseWife Farming Independent

RinaDevi

Dipumoni 23 Son Studying - Independent

Nath

127|P age
Familylabouravailable forfarmuse:
Males: 2
(300MD/male)Females:
1 (250MD/female)
Children: 0
(No.&Mandaysavailable)
Permanentlyhiredlabourengaged(No.ofMandaysavailable)
For farm work:
0Fortendingcattle
:
Item0 Irrigated Rainfed TotalArea
3.Landholdin Hgso:mest
eadgarden

Own- Up Med. Lo Up Med. Low. U Med. Low Up Med. Low

ed w (ha) p (ha) (ha) (ha)

- - - - - 0.67 - 0.18 - - 0.18 0.67

Leas- - - - - - - - - - - - -
edin

Totaloperationalholdingunder:
Irrigated:Nil
Un-irrigated:0.67
Garden:0.18
Total:0.85ha
4. CropEnterprises:
SlNo. Crop Area(ha) Season Crops inthepreceding Remarks
year
1. Bor 0.67 Summer Fellow Satisfactory
oRic yield
e
2. Toria 0.67 Rabi Rice Satisfactory
yield
3. Vegeta 0.18 Rabi fellow Enough
bles forconsumpt
ion
128|P age
 3. Tomato 0.02 Rabi French Satisfactory
bean yield
4. Kingchilli 0.06 Rabi Okra Satisfactory
yield
5. Maize 0.01 Rabi Chilli Satisfactory
yield

5. 5.Live-stockenterprises:
Kind No Presentv Mainenance Receipts(Rs)from Netinc
alue(Rs) charges Dairy Hire ome
products charges (Rs)
Cow 1 8,000 1000 - -

6. FarmBuilding:
Particular Cost(Rs) Life Rate of Amount of Remar
sofbuildin Depreciatio depreciatio ks
g n(%) n(Rs)
Dwellin Rs.2,50,000 10 5 12500
g house Hehasal
ittlefar
Cowshed Rs.5000 5 10 500
mbuildi
ng

129|P age
 Irrigation:
Source Periodofavailability( Irrigationcharges Totala
month) mount
ofirrigation

Motorpump Permanent Notapplied 5000

7. Calendarofoperations:
Month Natureoftheoperationto
BoroRice Toria
Jan Nurseryown MaturationandHarvest

Feb Transplantingattheendofth Storageandoilextraction

ismonth

March Weedingandirritgation -
April -do- -

May Harvesting as per -

thematurityofthediffere
June ntvarieties. -

July - -
Aug -

mainfield
Sept - -

Oct - Sowing starts at the mid of

thismonth
Nov Nurserypreparation Sowingoccurstillmiddleofthism
onth

Dec Weeding

30|P age
 8. Returns:
Crop Area Total Physicalreturns Gross Net Remarks
(ha) input (qtls) retu (Rs)
s(Rs) Main By rn
produt product (Rs)
Rice 0.67 18,000 30 q - Rs. 43000 Reasonable
61,000 profit
Toria 0.67 17850 0.4 q - Rs.36 18150 Netprofit
000 is
satisfacto
ry.

9. CostofProductionofCrops(Giveseparately foreachCrops):
A. CostofproductionofBororice(0.67ha)
Amount Labour(No.) Wages Totala
Sl. Qty( (Rs.)
Particulars (Rs. mount
No kg)
/kg) M W M W (Rs.)
1. Landpreparation - 2 - 300 - 600
Chargesonpowert - - 1 - - - 6300
iller
2. Nurseryraising - -- - 2 - 250 500
3. FYM(q)/ - - - - - - -
cowdungandash
4. Seed(Kg) 14 300 - - - - 4200
5. Fertilizer

Urea 80 10 - - - - 800
DAP 80 32 - - - - 2560
6. Transplanting - - - 6 - 250 1500
7. Irrigationcharges - - - - - - 8000
8. Harvesting - - 2 2 300 250 1100
9. Plantprotection - - - - - - 600
10. Weeding - - - 5 - 250 1250
11. Others(Carr - - - - - - 2000
ying&Thres
hing)
12. Winnowing - - - 2 - 250 500
Total 29910

131|P age
 B.CostofproductionofToria(4bighas)

Labou Wage Totala

Sl. Qty Amou
Particulars r(No.) s(Rs.) mount
N (kg nt(Rs.)
M W M W (Rs.)
o )
1. Landpreparation - - 2 - 300 - 600
Chargesonpowert - - - - - - 5000
iller
2. FYM(q)/ - - - - - - -
cowdungandash
3. Seed 4 - - - - - -
4. Fertilizer

Urea 80 10 - - - - 800
DAP 160 32 - - - - 5120
5. Transplanting - - 2 - 300 - 600
6. Irrigationcharges - - - - - - -
7. Harvesting - - - - - - 2400
8. Plantprotection - - - - - - -
9. Weeding - - - - - - -
10. Landrentalvalue - - - - - - 6000
11. Others - - - - - - 2000
(Carrying&
Threshing)
Total 22520

132|P ag e
 Totalnetincomefromcropenterprise(Rs)=Rs.50,600
11.Familyexpenditure
SlNo. Particulars Annualexpenses(Rs)
1. Food 40,000
2. Clothing 6000
3. Housing 3000
4. Fuelandlighting 20,500
5. Services -
6. Otherexpenditures 3000
Total expenditure of family (Rs): 72,500/
annumABSTRACT(TotalfortheFarmBusinessasawhole)
1. Nameofthefarmer:Mr.Madhuram Nath
2. Extentof Holding:0.84ha
3.Expenditureonthefarmcrops(Rs): Cost(Rs)
Particulars
900
i i) Manures

500
i ii)Seeds

3000
i iii)Fertilizers

6900
i iv)Hiredlabour

3000
i v)Tractor

1000
i vi)Plantprotection

Nil
i vii)Rentandtaxes

Nil
i viii)Irrigationcharges

1000
i ix)MarketingCosts

133|Page
 Nil
i xi)Depreciation

5630
i xii)Miscellaneous

Rs.21930
i xiii)Totalcost

4.Incomeofthe Farm: Rs.72,550

i i)Incomefromcrops

Rs60,000
i ii) Income from poultry
+duckery.

Rs.5000
i

iii)Miscincomefromsubsidiar
y
Rs.1,37,550per year
i iv)Total grossincome

Rs.1,15,620peryear
i v)Netincomefromthe farm

5. Savingsorotherwise
(i) NetamountavailableforfamilyexpenditureRs:1,15,620
(ii) Family expenditure Rs.:
Rs.72,500Savingsordeficit (5i-
5ii):Rs.43,120
Hencetheauthor’shostfarmer hasa savingsof Rs.43,120
Conclusion: After the farm holding survey, the author concluded that her host farmer has
aannualsavingsofRs. 43,120 uponfulfilling all theirbasic requirement.

134|P age
 ANNEXURE V [b(iii)]
FARMRECORDBOOK

Year:2023

1. NameofCollege:CollegeofAgriculture,AAJorhat,13

2. Nameof thestudent:SaujanyaRoy Regn.No.:2019-AJ-122

3. NameoftheFarmer:Mr.MadhuramNath

4. Village:RajaMayong

5. Mauza:Mayong

6. District:Dibrugarh

7. FarmInventoryLand(Owned):0.84ha

(i) SurveyNo.:1

(ii) Identificationoftheplot:Lowland

(iii) Soiltypeandtexture:Sandyloam

(iv) Typeoftenure:(owned/leased out/leasedin):Owned

(v) Sourceofirrigation:Nil

(vi) Areaoftheplot (ha):0.84 ha

Irrigated:Nil

Rainfed/Un-irrigated:0.84

Total:0.93

(vii) Rent/Rentalvalue(Rs):N/A

(viii) Remarks

Fromtheaboveinformation,itwasclearthatthefarmerhadatotalof6.5bighaandthepres
ent value of landis Rs.9,00,000.

135|P age
 8.FarmBuildingsandotherstructures:
Value at
Type Year
Sl Descripti thetime Expecte
ofconstructi ofconstructi Remark
n on ofConstruc dlife
on(Assam/R onpurchase
o tio
cc)
n/purchase
1. Dwellin Assan 2019 Rs.40,000 4 Satis-
ghouse type(Kucc factory
ha)
2. Cattleshed Bambo 2019 Rs.5000 5 Modera
ohouse te

4 storage Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

9.Fencing, water tub, threshing floor, fish ponds, NVeUs, Tube-WelVs,

PumpingSetsandRelatedirrigation structures and equipment.
Sl Description No. Year Cost Value Expecte Rema
n ofconstruc ofconstr atthebe d life rks
o tion/Purch uction/p ginning ofthestr
. ase urchase ofthe ucture(
(Rs) current Years)
year(Rs
)
1. Bambo 5 2019 4000 - 4 Good
ofencin condi
g tion

2. Tubewell 1 2018 5000 - 15 Good

condi
tion

136|P age
 10.Implements&Machinery:
Sl Description Nos Year Ifpurcha Value Expectedlif Rema
No ofmaking/pu seprice( atthebegi e rk
rchase Rs) nningofth ofimpleme
e nts
year(Rs)

Implements

1 Handhoe 2 2015 300 - 10 Good

2 Khurpi 4 2015 150 - 10 Good

3 Sickle 2 2018 100 - 10 Good

4 Dao 3 2015 150 - 10 Good

137|P age
 11.Livestock
Sl. Descript Nu Breed Homebr Year Price Present Rem
N ion mbe ed ofpurc atwhichp Market arks
o r orpurch hased urchased value(R
ased (Rs)per/ s
unit )per/uni
t
1 Breedin - - - - - - -
ganimal

2 Milc 1 Local Purchas 2018 Rs.10,0 Rs.20 Milk

hani ed 00 000 isuse
ma dfor
hom
econ
sum
pt
ion

138|P age
 ialp
urp
ose

12. Agriculturalloan outstandingatthebeginningoftheyear.

Number Nameofthea Purpose Amount Remarks
ofloans gency outstanding(
ofloan Rs)
Thereisno anyrecordofloantakenbythefarmer

13. CroppingPattern:
1. Area(Hectares)
(i) Cultivated area:0.84ha
(ii) Uncultivated area:0.1ha
(iii) Reasons: Few of the uncultivated area are occupied for
dwellinghouse, storehose, cowshed.

2. Kharifseason
Numberofcrops Variety Area(hectares) Remarks
Sali Rice No.29 0.67 Riceisstoredfort
heentireyearfor
home
consumption

139|P age
 3.Rabiseason
Numberofcrops Variety Area(hectares) Remarks

Toria TS-18 0.67 Yield is

satisfactory

4. Remarks:Thefarmerdoesnotfollowanycropping

pattern.Heremainssticktopreviouslyfollowed methods of cultivation.

14. Cropproductionrecord:

Nameofthec Area(ha) Mainproduct Byproduct Remarks

rop Qty Value Qty Value
Qtls (Rs) (qtls) (Rs)
BoroRice 0.67 30 q - - Reasonable
profit
Toria 0.67 - - Reasonable
20 q
profit

15. MilkproductionandDisposaloflivestockproduce:
Onlyusedforhome consumption.
MilkofMilch cowisonlyforhomeconsumtion

140|P age
16. Feeds and production from other enterprises (Poultry, Piggery etc. and
theirdisposal):

Notapplicable

17. Disposal ofproducefromcrops:

Nameof Disposa Sales Payment Other Rema
theprod lAgency disposal rks
uce (Name) Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value

Rapeseed Mayon 20 92000 - - - - -

gMarke
t
Bor Mayon 36 288000 - - - - -
oric gmarke
e t

18.Receiptsotherthansalesof farmproduce:NotAvailable.

141|P age
Conclusion:

From the Farm Record Book, it was observed that the Author’s farm has
moderatemainatance of farm records of different enterprises. Awarness and proper
knowledgewouldhelp thefarmer todevelop his farmrecords.

142|P age
 ANNEXUREV (c)

FAMILYBUDGETS

Nameofrespondent:Mr.MadhuramNath
Village:RajaMayong

1. General.

i. Educationalqualificationoftherespondent(Head):10thpass
ii. Religionofthefamily: Hindu
iii. WhetherNucleus/Jointfamily:Nucleus
iv. Occupation/Status:Owner

2. Generallivingconditions
a) Natureofhouse:Pucca
b) Sufficiencyofaccommodation:Sufficient
c) Drinkingwaterfacilities:Tapwater
d)Toiletfacilities:Puccaandhygienic
e) Yearofconstruction:2019
f)cost: Rs.1,00,000

3. House-holdcompositions:
Name Age Relatio Occupation Remarks
n (Name&annualincome)
shipto Main Subsidary
theHea
d
Mr.Madhu 58 Head Farming LICAgent Independent
ramNath

Mrs. 51 Wife HouseWife Farming Independent

RinaDevi

Dipumoni 23 Son Studying - Independent

Nath

143|P age
4. Incomeof household:
(i) FarmIncome(Rs)
(a) Incomefrom landowned:Rs.1,15,620
(b) Incomefromlandtakenonlease:Nil
(c) Leaseamount: Nil
(ii)Non-farm income(Source):Rs3,60,000
iii)Incomefromlivestockenterprise:Rs,60,0000
Totalincome:Rs. 5,20,000

Familyexpenditure:
S Name of U Qty Consu Frequ C Total Tot.exp
l thecommo n / mptio ency os Expen enditure
N dity i per nperm ofcons tp diture /yar
o. t day onth(k umpti er (Rs/
g) on u month
ni )
t(
R
s)
1 Cereals K 1.3 40 Daily - - From
own
g
farm
2 Pulses K 0.2 6 Daily 9 570 6840
0 5
g
3 Cerealsubstitute K - - - - - -
g
4 Pulsesproductands K - - - - - -
ubstitute
g
5 Rootsandtubers K 0.3 9 Daily 2 180 2160
0
g

144|P age
6 Green K 1 4 Week 2 100 1200
ly 5
g
leafyvegetables
7 Othervegetables K 0.5 15 Daily 4 600 7200
0
g
8 Fresh( K - - - -
Fresh)
g
9 Nutsandoilseeds K - - - -
g
1 Fresh K 2/ 8 Week 2 1600 19200
0 foods(Mutt g we ly 0
on ek 0
,chicken,,fish)
1 Milk and - - - - - -
1
milkproducts

1 Fatsandoils - - - -
2 Ghee
Mustardoil
Refinedoil Daily
1 450 5400
5
Week 0
ly 120 1400

1
2
0
1 SugarandJaggery K 0.0 2 Daily 4 80 960
3 g 6 0
1 Spices and 2 Daily 6 120 1440
4 condiment(tamarind, 0
chillies,turmeric)
1 Beverages - - 1 - 1 100 1200
5 0
0
1 Bakeryproducts - - - - - -
6
1 Total food - - - - - 3920 47,040
7
1 Nonfooditems - - - - - - -
8
.
Clothing - - - - - - 5000

145|P age
 Footwear - - - - - - 2000

Fuelandlight - - - - - - 7000

House - - - - - - 5000

rents,repairandtaxes
Ceremonies - - - - - - 2500

andfunctions
Misc. - - - - - - 4000

Totalnonfood 25000

Totalnon-food:Rs.26000
TotalExpenditure(food +Non-food):Rs.72,500

Percentageexpenditureon:
1. Food-44%
2. Clothing-6.6%
3. Fuelandlighting-6.6%
4. Houserent andrepairs-33%
5. Ceremoniesandfunctions-3.3%
6. Miscellaneous-5.5%
7. Maintenance-1%

Totalannualexpenditure
(a) Totalincome Rs. 1,15,620
(b) Totalexpenditure Rs 72,500
(c) Surplus Rs.43,120

Conclusion:
The author’s host farmer was getting an annual surplus of Rs. 43120. The
farmerdepositssomepartofthemoneyinbanktomeetthedemandofmoneyinfutureand restofit
is used forpurchasingraw materials for nextyear

146|P age
 ANNEXURE VI (a)

Course No: RAWEP 414(II):: Course Title :Extension Programme

Component I: Situation analysis and problem identification

1.List of major agricultural problems of farmers identified in the

host village:

a) Technical problems :

 Lack of knowledge relatedto availability of modern machineries.

 Lack of skill to operate different farm machineries.
 Non-availability of farm modern machineries.
 Lackofknowledgeregardingthestorageofsurplusandstoragestructures
 Lack of knowledge on amount of fertilizer to be applied and the method of
application.
 Lack of knowledge about weed and weeding equipment
 Lackofknowhowabouttheagriculturaltechnologiesand organicfarming
 Lackofknowledgeabouttheirrigationtechniques
 Lackofknowledgeonamount ofpesticidesandfungicides to beapplied.
 Lackofknowledgeonpesticidecompatibility&recommendation.

b) Economicproblems:

 Lesscapital flowinagriculture
 Manyfarmersaresmallandmarginalfarmers
 Inadequateincome
 Pricefluctuationinthemarket.
 Difficultyingettingloan.
 .Lackofproperplanningrelatedtofinance.
c) SocialProblems:
 Lowliteracylevelamongfarmers.

147|P age
  Lowsocio-economicstatusofthefarmers.
 Problemofunemployment amongstthelandlesslabour.
 Smallandscatteredfarmholdingrestrictingintroductionofnewtechnologyinagricult
ure
 Lackofagro-processingindustries
 Smallfarmholdingrestrictingintroductionofnewtechnologyinagriculture
d) Communication&Transportationproblems:
 Allfarmersdonothavegoodtransportationfacilities(thela,tractor,etc)
 Lackofcommunication betweenfarmersandseed/fertilizeragencies
 Lackofstrongnetworkconnectionformobile phones.

e) Service-relatedproblems(Extn.services,irrigation,banking,soiltestingetc.):

 Lackofirrigationfacilitiesmakingthesomevillagelandpartiallyrainfedandrestrictingfa
rmers in manyterms.
 Lackofprocessingindustriesforrawmaterialsproducedbythefarmer
 Inadequateanduntimelyreleaseofloanbycredit institutions
 Non-availabilityofcoldstoragefacilities inthelocality.
 Lackofsoiltestingofthefarmerfieldsexcept afew
 Ignoranceamongfarmersregardingagriculturalloansandschemes
 Lackofcontactbetweenfarmers andVillageLevelExtensionWorker

f) Input and market related problems:

 Verylimitedgovernmentsubsidyonproductioninputs
 Increaseinpricesoffarminputslikeseeds,fertilizers,agro-chemicals etc
 Lackofefficientmarketingfacilityatthevillagelevel
 Lessknowledgeaboutrecommendations anduseoffertilizersandotheragro-chemicals
 Unavailabilityofregulatedmarket.

g) Production related problems:

 Non-availabilityofqualityseedsatplantingtime.

148|P age
  High cost of certified quality seeds.
 Rainfed production practice.
 Lack of good irrigation facilities.
 Limited supply of certified seeds by the government.
 High incidences of pests and diseases.
 Smal land scattered land holding

h) Others:

 Unavailability of labor at lowcost.

 Lack of proper power supply.

2. List of training needs identified (Aspects on which training may be organized)

Sl. Training need (skill/technology) Target group

No.
(Farmers, Farm
women, youth

etc.)

Scientific disease control in Rice, vegetables, assam Farmers

1.
lemon and arecanut

Mushroom cultivation Women

2.

Vermicompost pit preparation Farmers

3.

149|P age
 Employment generation through Integrated farming Women
4. system

Raised seed bed technique with seed treatment Farmers

5.

Biogas plant & IFS Farmers

6.

Azolla unit production Youths

7.

New scientific intervention in agriculture Farmers

8. andyouths

SRI method of rice transplanting Farmers

9.

Training on duckery and Goatery Farmersandfarm

10. women

Rainwater harvesting techniques Farmers

.11.

150|P age
 3. Extensionneedsofthefarmers/
villagersidentified(Aspectsinwhichextension
services/guidancemaybeprovided/steppedup)

Sl Extension needs Target group

No. (service/guidancerequ
ired)
(Farmers, Farm,
women, youth
etc.)

Guidance on a Farmersand
1. vailingagriculturalcredit/loanfromdifferentsources
SHG
.

Guidanceondisposaloffarmproducetothereg Farmers
2
ulatedmarket

Guidanceforsetting upofvegetableprocessingunit RuralYouths

3.

Extensionservicesinorganizingself- Women
4. helpgroupsforavailingmicrofinance

Settingupofvermicompostunit&azollaProducingunit RuralYouths
5. together.

Forming cooperatives to avail credit and carrying out Farmers &

6. marketing operation together. Rural Youths

Regular interaction of the villagers with the VLEWs, Farmers, farm

7. Extension officers, etc. women and youths

151|P age
 Increasing awareness of the process of acquiring Farmers
8.
Loans from banks and different sources.

9. Dissolving the communication gap between farmers Farmers and Youth

152|P age
 4. Date-wise record /listoffieldvisitsmade:

FocusArea Dates Location Contact

Farmer(s)
24.02.2024 KVK,Dibrugarh SHGwomen

a)RelatingtoCropP
19.01.2024 2No.Murkata Amulya
roduction
Mandal

20.01.2024 2No.Murkata AbhiramSarkar

28.01.2024 Rajamayong Premcharan

Bairagi

28.01.2024 Rajamayong Premcharan

Bairagi

24.02.2024 Loonmati MridulSaikia

b) Relating
toCrop 20.03.2024 2No.Murkata AmulyaMaandal

Protection
30.04.2024 Kalshilapar UpenDeka

153|P age
 19.04.2024 Loonmati RatulSaikia

c)RelatingtoRural
Economy

14.05.2024 Dibrugarh D.COffice,Health

Office,
CircleOffice

5. Major problems affecting the youth in village:

 Lack of publicandprivateinstitutionsoffering employment-orientedtrainingtoRural

 Youth.
 Lackofsocialawareness andparticipation.
 Socio-economicconstraintsrestrictingyouthtogoforhighereducation.
 Migrationtourbanareasinsearchofjobs.
 Lackofattitudeforentrepreneurshipdevelopment.
 Lackofinfrastructuralsupportandscarceresource

154|P age
 Lackofknowledgeregardingmodernfarmingtechniques.
 Stubbornsocialenvironment.
 Unemploymentandlowliteracyrate.
 Lackofadequatefundstostartanenterprise.
 Lackofinterestinagriculturalactivities.
 Lackofleadershipfeeling.

6.SWOT analysis of the village situation (and feasibleagro–based enterprises)

(a)Strength:

 Abundant productionoffieldandplantation crops.

 Availabilityofabundant naturalresource
 Roadcommunicationisverygood
 Climateand soil aresuitablefordiversecultivation.
 LackofCompetition.
 Abundantproductionoffieldandhorticultural crops(vegetable).
 Availableofabundantlandforeachfarmer.
 HelpfulandCo-operative neighbours.
 Progressiveattitudes.

b)Weakness:

 Nostoragefacilitiesforperishableproduce.
 Waterstagnation
 Less knowledgeregardingvalueaddition
 Shortageoflabourandhighlabourcharge.
 Outdatedtechnologies.
 Absenceofgoodmarket(regulatedmarket)tosellfarmproduce.
 Lackofeducationandinsufficientfundtoadoptnewtechnology.
 Fewagriculturalrelatedshopsareavailable.
 Migrationofruralyouthto urbanareasforjobs.
 Lackinknowledgeofmoderntechniquesofagriculture.

156|P age
c) Opportunities-

 TrainingcanbeobtainedfromKVK.
 Establishmentofvegetableprocessingunit.
 Opportunityforsettingupofvermiwashunit, agrobased industries.
 EstablishmentofmoreVermicompostunits andAzollaProductionunit.
 EstablishmentofPoultrycum fisheryfarming.
 CangoforIntegratedFarmingsystem.
 SettingupofBananaFibreandbambooindustry.
 Establishmentofstorehouseanddevelopment ofregulatedmarket.
 EstablishmentofArgo-
Chemicalshopslikepesticide,fertilizeretcforeasyavailabilityofagricultural
inputs.
 Mushroomcultivation .
 Opportunitytoturnvillageintoorganicvillage

d) Threats:

 Animalproblem forinstance–monkey.
 Levelofemployment isunsatisfactoryduetolackofpracticalskills.
 Economiccondition ispoor.
 Injudicioususeofpesticides.
 Climatichazards

157|P age
 ANNEXURE VI (b)

Course No.: RAWEP 414 (II)::Course Title: Extension Programme

Component II.On-going extension programme and their impacts

1. List on-going extension programmes under various

organizations/Govt.departments/NGOs in the villages
 Implementin Nature of extension Benefits provided Beneficiaries
g agency program

(i) Farmer’s a)Provides solution

Training to the farmer’s
Programmes problems related to
agricultural
(ii) Extension production.
publication like
bulletins, leaflets, b)Spread of
etc. on various knowledge on
aspects on broad- different
based agriculture. agricultural aspects
Research and improvement Farmers,
(iii) Kisan Mela of human Cultivators,
Station /
(iv) Farmer’s resources engaged rural youths,
/ KVK, Scientist’s in broad- based SHGs
Dibrugarh interaction agriculture.
Programme. Women
c) Enhanching
(v) Agricultural Farm income
Exhibition. through adoption
(vi) FLDs/OFTs. of improved
agricultural
(vii) Field technologies.
Day/Farmers Day.
d) Expose the
(viii) Field Visits. farmer to the
(ix) Celebration various
on important agricultural
events activities going on
(x) Radio in different
talk/TV Talk institutes of North
East India.
(xi) Soil Test
campaign (e) Changing
the mindset of the
(xii) Awareness farmers
camp towards better
(xiii) Farmers entrepreneurship
workshop development
(xiv) Group (f) Women
discussion and child nutrition
(xv) Method awareness and
demonstration women
entrepreneurship
development

Govt (i) Nati (a) Facilities Farmers

. onal Food for Cultivat
Agri Security Irrigation,Farm ors
. Mechanization
Mission. and Crop
Dept
(ii) Rast production are
riya Krishi provided to the
 Vikash Yojana farmers.
(iii) Prad (b) Demonst
han Mantri ration and
Krishi Sanchaye training on
SRI, Hybrid
Yujana(PMKSY rice and Pulses.
) (c) Distribut
Mission for ion of certified
Integrated seeds of rice
Development of and pulses.
(d)Training on
Horticulture(MIDH Agricultural
) Marketing.
DRD (i) Mah (a) Employ
A/ atma ment to rural Rural
Bloc Gandhi people. women
k National Rural (b) Providin Farmers
Employment g economic
support to build Cultivat
Guarantee Act. residential ors
. (MGNREGA) houses. BPL
(ii) Indir (c) Distribut peoples
a Avas ion of tube SHGs
Yojana wells.
(d) Distribut
ion of quality
seeds of rice
and pulses.
(e) Distribut
ion of blanket,
seed, mosquito
net etc.
(f)Distribution of
threads for textiles.
(a)
Trainings and Farmers
(i) Training and demonstrations on Sali Rural
paddy, mustard and people
AT Demonstrations summer paddy. (b)
MA Training and
demonstration on Milk
production.
(c) Training on
Mustard cultivation
 (a) Traini
Govt (i) Rastri ng Rural
. ya and Rearing of Youth
AH Krishi Vikash Livestock farming. Villag
&Ve Yojana (b) Awar ers
ty. (ii) Assist eness Farme
Dept ance programme on cattle rs
to States for Control and livestock
of diseases.
Animal Disease (c) Bank
loan
(iii) Agric
ultural from NABARD
Technology (d) Distri
Management Agency bution of animal
feed on
subsidiaries
basis

(i) Plantation (a)Distribution Muga

Scheme of free Eri
(ii)Rearing House seeds Rearer
State
Seri. Scheme (b)50% subsidiaries
(iii)Reeling and for farm machineries
Dept
Spinning Scheme.
(iv)Disease Free
Layings scheme
(v)Seed Production
Scheme
(vi)Catalytic
Development
Programme

Dissemination,
(i) Assa training and Farme
m Agricultural awareness on rs
Fish scientific fish
ery Competitiveness culture. Villag
Dept Project ers
. etc. Scientific
(ii) Fish management of tank Fish
Farmer for raising and Produ
Development rearing of fish. cers
Agency

Table : Findings regarding village institutions and their roles in development programmes
159|P age
Table : Findings regarding village institutions and their roles in development programmes

Name of Year Names of Activities Beneficiaries

Village of office bearers
institution Esta
blish
ment
1996 PresidentMrs Plantation of Rural Unemployed Youth
Panchayat Arati Chetia horticultural plantation and other villagers
: Vice crops in each home of Marginal farmers and
Romai President-Mr the village for increasing Unemployed Youth
Gaon Arun the
panchyat Konwar horticultural production
Member-Mrs and income generation.
Rupa Gogoi Assam Rural

Employment
related activities

Co- Providing Economic

operative - Chairman- support to the poor
Society: Mr Chandra students reguarding their People of the village
Dutta studies,Improvement in
different sectors in the
village.

Namghar Religious ceremonies,

- Mr Hiteswar social gatherings Villagers
Gohain

Self Help Grants loans for business

Group - Nayanjyoti to individuals or use for Members of the group
SHG the own group. Attends
training programmes
organized by agriculture
dept

Success Story of SHG/CIG/FIG/progressive farmers/ agro-based entrepreneur etc

(in the area / host village giving details of endeavour/ enterprise, investments and
Success)
 Name of Enterprise Technology Investment Successes
Individual applied
organization

M/S J. DAS Private farm Bee can be raised for 9 Mr. Jatin Das started • Role model
BEE KEEPING months. Natural honey this industry single- for many
INDUSTRY do not any additional handly in 2004. farmers.
sugar. In case the He started with the • Income
sweetness level small amount of through Products like
decreases the honey bee money. as lemon + honey and
hive is mixed with sugar ginger+honey and
and greeengram paste. honey

1.NAME OF THE INDUSTRY :M/S J.DAS BEE KEEPING INDUSTRY

2.LOCATION:Balijan Paniera Gaon
3.Duration of study:2 hours
4.Salient Points:Mr.Jatin Das started this industry single-handly in 2004 .
He took training under KVK,Dibrugarh to set up the industry and raised the scope
60 villages and 216 households.
5.Steps of processing :Bee can be raised for 9months.
Natural honey do not need any additional sugar.In case the sweetness level decreases
the honeybee hive is mixed with sugar and greengram paste.
6.Quality of inputs: The bee collects the nectar themselves from seasonal flowers and vegetables.
7.Studies on machineries;Bee boxes,smoker,Bee,veil,Roller etc
8.Personal management method;Wear light colour clothes while approaching the hive.
9.Safety methods:Wear gloves,veil and grabs the hive from behind
10Labours: 6 labours ,2 of them make the bee boxes and others are involved in maintainting
the hive .
11.Quality control and assessment of output :
Quality is maintained as per food safety measures even during the time of covid.
12.Value addition: Products like as Lemon +honey and ginger+honey
13Dispatching:To Chabua,Milan nagar and Tinisukia by bike or pickups.
14.Price Fixation:1 bee box is sold at rs 2200 with investment of rs 1500 so roughly
havea profit of Rs.700.Morever the cost of production of 1unit of honey is Rs 2500.
 ANNEXURE VI (c)
Course No.:RAWEP 415Course Title:Extension Programme

COMPONENT I : Dissemination of agricultural technology.

1) Record relating to the information centre:
(a) Date of establishment : 14/09/2024
(b) Location: Phutahula L.P School
(c) No. of farmers present during inauguration : 75 farmers
(d) Visiting hours: 10:30 A.M to 1:00 P.M
(Monday, Wednesday, Friday)
Lists of Visuals displayed: Models, Flex, Leaflets, Booklets, Bulletin board etc.

Technology highlighted:

Crop Production:

Models on – 1) Integrated farming system 2) Biogas Unit, 3) Vermicompost Unit, 4) Rooftop

Gardening, 5) Hydroponics

Flex on – Vermicomposting, Conservation agriculture, Drip irrigation, Mulching and its uses
etc.

Leaf lets on various methods of cultivation of chilli, tomato, mango and other crops.

Crop Protection:

Charts on – Preparation of Bordeaux mixture, Diseases and insect-pest of vegetables and its
control measures, Diseases of rice and its control, Nematode related diseases etc.

Display of Bio pesticide packets (Bio veer, Bio green-5 etc.), Trico chards, pheromone trap,
yellow sticky trap and blue sticky trap

Extension Programme:

Flex on various schemes and policies available to farmers, provided by the Govt. of India.

Display of Phutahola, Nagaon and Dangor Pothar

Agricultural Engineering:

Models – 1) Zero Energy cooling chamber 2) Green house (Polyhouse) 3) Solar water
harvesting

Flex on – Zero energy cooling storage, Green houses and their uses, Solar water harvesting and
its preparation, Low cost model of seed cum fertilizer drill.

Agricultural Meteorology and Soil Science:

Models on – Soil Profile

167|P age
 List of students present during inauguration :-

Sl.n Name Roll No.

169| o
P 1 Abhijnyan pachani 2021-AJ-02
age 2 Kengo Kamki 2021-AJ-59
3 Kuldeep Bhuyan 2021-AJ-66
4 Mayur Jyoti Hazarika 2021-AJ-73
5 Biraj Pegu 2021-AJ-140
6 Bhargab Baruah 2021-AB-07
7 Akashdeep Borah 2021-AB -49
8 Jubaraj Das 2021-AD-15
9 Santanu Buragohain 2021-AD-33
10 Seiminsang Doungel 2021-AD-34
11 Aastha Anuragini 2021-AJ-01
12 Anisha Chakraborty 2021-AJ-07
13 Richa Saikia 2021-AJ-103
14 Taranginee Borah 2021-AJ-127
15 Sukanya Daisy Borah 2021-AJ -165
16 Nang Injali Longphai 2021-AJ-87
17 Kenter Kamki 2021-AJ-60
18 Sampri Teronpi 2021-AD-32
19 Parineeta Devi 2021-AD-49
20 Priyakshi Shyam 2021-AB-33
21 Shyamoli Saikia 2021-AB-63
22 Abhishek Pandey Roll No :
226219140022
Enrollment No :
SV21009243
 ii)Record of method demonstration organized

Date Location Technology/skills Name of A.v Number

the Aids of
student used farmers
who presente
presente d
d
24/08/202 Dangar 1.Line All 21 Charts 22
4 Pothar Transplanting of students , Live
Rice sample
s
2. Leaf Colour Chart (LCC) 22

29/08/202 Dangar 3.Raised All 21 Charts 16

4 Pothar Seed students , Live
bed sample
prepara s
tion
16
4.Seed
treatme
nt with
treatme
nt

07/09/202 Nagaon 5.Use of trichocard in rice field All 21 Charts 15

4 students , Live
sample
s
09/09/202 Phutahul 6. Homemade pesticides All 21 Charts 30
4 a a) Garlic and kerosene students , Live
b) Tobacco decocation sample
s
7. Air layering in Citrus 30
27/09/202 Phutahul 8.Preparation and application of All 21 Charts 17
4 a 1% Bordeaux mixture students , Live
sample
s

24/10/202 Phutahul 9.Ring application of fertilizer in All 21 Charts 28

4 a arecanut students , Live
10. Banana sucker treatment sample 28
s
171|P age
172|P age
 (iii) Record of farmer’s training camps organized in the host village:

DATE LOCATION TECHNOLOGY/ Name of A.V. Aids No.

TOPICS students used of
COVERED (who farm
presented) ers
prese
nt
09/09/24 Na-gaon Major insect pest Dr. Charts, 25
and their Sanghomitra samples
management Sarma

24/10/14 Na-gaon Banana sucker Dr. Charts, 26

treatment, and Sharmistha live
Ring fertilizer Borgohain sample
application

iv) Agricultural exhibition organized in the village

Date Location Technology/ Name of A.V Aids No. of

Topics Covered students Used farmers
(who participate) present
10th Romai Differenrt types of Sampri Models 450
Dec, Kordoibam traps, Teronpi,
2024 Vermicompost Parineeta
Tank Devi
Animal housing, Kenter Models
Mushroom Unit Kamki, Nang
Injali
Longphai
Biogas, Drip Taranginee Models
irrigation, and Borah,
Apiculture Sukanya
Daisy Bora,
Richa Saikia
ZECC, Rooftop Anisha Models
garden Chakraborty
Aastha
Anuragini
Soil Profile, Priyakshi Models
Sericulture Shyam,
 Shyamoli
Saikia
Vertical Mayur Jyoti Models
gardening, Hazarika,
Greenhouse Santanu
Borgohain
IFS, Azolla Unit Abhijnyan Models
Pachani,
Bhargab
Baruah
Tea garden, Solar Seminsang Models
powered irrigation Doungel
AkashDeep
Borah
Natural Farming, Kengo Models
Rain water Kamki,
harvesting Jubaraj Das
Fishery unit, Biraj Pegu, Models
Kitchen garden Kuldeep
Bhuyan
Live Integrated All students Models
Farming System
Minimum Support Mayur Jyoti Charts
Price Hazarika
Millets Santanu Flex
Borgohain
Leaf colour Chart Seminsang Chart
Doungel
Value addition, Jubaraj Das Flex
Dye, Pig Ration
Air layering Sukanya Chart
Daisy Bora
Tobacco Decoction Nang Injali Chart
Longphai
Bordeaux Mixture Priyakshi Chart
Shyam

173|P age
174|P age
175|P age
 ANNEXURE VI (d)
CourseNo.:RAWEP414(II)::Course

Title: ExtensionProgramme

Component IV:Participation in community activities

1) Record of initiative in organizing or participation in village

social service work.

Date Location/ Nature Name Benefits No.

Venue ofSocialS ofstuden orAssets ofVillagers
erviceacti ts(whop created(i whopartici
vityorgani articipat fany) pated
zed ed)

28/08/24 Phutahula, Transect All It made 20

Nagaon, and walk RAWEP villages
Dangor Students aware about
Pothar various
resources

31/08/24 Nagao Village All the It made 15

n And Mapping RAWEP villages
Phutah Students aware about
various
ula
resources
present
within the
village and
their
location in
the village

01/09/24 Dangor Village All the To break the 18

Pothar Mapping RAWEP communicati
Students on gap
between the
scientists
and farmers
and
dessiminatio
n of modern
technologies
to rural
people

176|P age
05/09/24 Phutahu Celebrati All RAWEP To disseminate 20
la on of Students the important
Teacher’ ole of teachers
s Day to the students

14/09/24 Phutahula Inaugura All To break the 75

tion of RAWEP communicati
Informat Students on gap
ion between the
Centre scientists and
farmers and
dessiminatio
n of modern
technologies
to rural
people
25/09/24 Phutahula Awareness All Raise 44
Programme RAWEP awareness on
on Students Nutrition to the
Nutritional students
Month
02/10/24 Ghuramora Celebratio All Promoted 12
n of Kati RAWEP Swachh Bharat
Bihu Students Abhiyan

17/10/24 Romai Celebration All Gathered 8

Kordoibam of Kati Bihu RAWEP importance of
Students the grains in
farmer’s life

06/11/24 Phutahula Celebration All Shared the 40

of “Bhaxa RAWEP importance of
Gaurab Students Mother
Xoptah” language to the
students
09/11/24 Dangor Celebration All Shared the 32
Pothar of “Bhaxa RAWEP importance of
Gaurab Students Mother
Xoptah” language to the
students

177|P age
14/11/24 Phutahul Celebration of All RAWEP To celebrate 82
a Children’s Students the future
Day generation
of the
country

21/11/24 Nagaon Celebratio All To promote 13

n of RAWEP fishery in the
World Students village
Fisheries
Day

01/12/24 Ghuramora Celebratio All To spread 35

n of World RAWEP awareness
AIDS Day Students regarding AIDS
among the
people

178|P age
179|P age
 2) Record of meeting/group discussion organized to discuss social
issues/problems and acquire suggestions to solve them or provide
solution of selected especially relating to agricultural
aspects/problems.

Date Location Nature of Name of Purpose No.

GD / student / ofVillag
meetingheld s(who Issues/ erswho
organiz Problems Partici
ed) focused pated
21/08/24 FPC Interactio All 22
General
Nagaon n with RAWE farmers
introduction
farmers P with the
and Student farmers and the
allotment s village
of host community
farmers

09/09/24 FPC Agricultural All Discussion on 25 farmers

Nagaon problem RAWE various
P agricultural
problems
Student
s

24/10/24 FPC Agricu All Discussion 26

Nagaon ltural RAWE on ring farmers
proble P application
of crops and
m Student
banana
s sucker
treatment

180|P age
 3)Record of innovative techniques to sensitize action of village community to
address social issues

Date Location Nature Name of Purpose No. of

/venue ofactivity students /Issues/Pr Villagers
(who oblemsfoc who
organized used participat
) ed

02/10/24
Ghuramora Cleanliness All RAWEP Promoting 12
Students Swachh
Bharat
Abhiyan

01/12/24 Ghuramora Street play on All RAWEP Spread 35

AIDS Students Awareness
of AIDS

181|P age
 ANNEXURE VII

CourseNo.: RAWEP 414 (III) :: Course Title :Linkage with Agro-industry

Agro-based industry depicts an industry that increase the value of raw agricultural
food and non-food products through processing, to generate income and provide profit to
the producers.

AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES:

INDUSTRY I:

1)Name of the Industry : Chroma Hydroponic Nurseries

2)Address : Chroma Hydroponic Nurseries
Mohanaghat
South Amolapatty
PIN : 786008
Dibrugarh ,Assam
3)Ownership: Mrs Dipsikha Barua
Mr Chiranjeet Baruah
4)Duration of study: 3 hours
Salient points of discussion with the management:
Inputs and their source –

Sl. Input Type of input Source

N
o.
1 Chrysanthe Root suckers ,cutting Netherland,Belsium ,America
mum ,China,Bangalore,Pune,Mumbai,loc
al,nursery stocks
2 Bougainville Cuttings Netherland,Belsium ,America ,
a China,Bangalore,Pune,Mumbai
local,nursery stocks
3 Poinsettia Stem cuttings Netherland,Belsium ,America ,
China,Bangalore,Pune,Mumbai
local, nursery stocks
4 Pink lily Offsets,bulblets Netherland,Belsium ,America
China,Bangalore,Pune,Mumbai,loc
al, nursery stocks
5 Aglanema Seeds,stem cutting,root Netherland,Belsium ,America ,
 cutting China,Bangalore,Pune,Mumbai
local, nursery stocks
6 Succulent Stem cuttings local, nursery stocks
and cactus
7 Gerbera Suckers Local,nursery stocks
8 Bamboo Propagules Local
9 Nursery soil Peat Local
and potting moss,perlite,vermiculite,s
media and etc
9 Pots Containers,ceramic Local
pots,plastic pots,plug
trays,polybags etc
10 ,Manures Vermicompost,urea,ssp, Local
and Mop
Fertilizer
11 Tools and Spray Local
equipments unit,sprinklers,secateurs,
grafting knives,prunning
knives etc
12 Labours Nearby village
13 Electricity AC,DC Assam State Electricity
Board,Generator

4) Different steps of production-Procurement,potting ,repotting,propagation,fertility

management ,weed management,water management,pest management etc
(iii)Marketing strategy
(iv)Quality control and output
(v)Machineries involved
(vi)Human resource development
(vi)Personal management
(vii)Price fixation
(vii)Nursery expansion
6) Observation on different steps of production :
(i)Selection and procurement of mother plants – It was based on interest and market
demand of the plants.Generally Chrysanthemum was preferred by the owner .Other
plants like Bougainvillea,poinsettia,Aglaonema,pinklily,gerbera ,cactus
,succulents were also procured.The source of this planting
material was initialy
China ,Netherlands,Belgium,America,Mumbai,Pune,Bangalore ,Guwahati ,which were
propagated in the nursery itself and used as planting stock for year after year.
(ii) Selection of site :Selection of site for each flower is based on convinience to look
after the seedlings,protection from pest and diseases,shade requirement ,water
requirement of the specific flower.
(iii)selection of soil and potting media -peat most was generally prefered.
(iv)Propagation of plants :Cutting ,Layering,Division and searation ,grafting and
budding was practiced.For bamboo and banana ,tissue culture in the lab established in
collaboration with NRL in the nursery itself was practiced.
(v)Potting and repotting :The plants requiring potting and repotting were performed
with labour.
(vi)Manuring and fertilizer application : Vermicompost ,urea ,ssp ,Mop was used
accordingly.Fertilizers are mostly applied in vegetables .
(vii)Watering : Watering with sprinkler,watering can ,drip irrigation performed.
(viii)Plant protection : Plant protection with neem oil and yellow sticky trap.
(ix)Harvesting and value addition : Harvesting was done at maturity with the help of
labour.
In Bougainvillea,the flower was cut in shapes as value addition.
In Chrysanthemum,the flower was decorated in 4 inch pots as value addition.
(x)Packaging : Chrysenthemum was packed in polyethene bag ,which was put in
boxes.
(xi)Marketing and export :Wholesale and retail marketing .For wholesale ,mini truck
was used.Online marketing through facebook also done.
7) Quality of input:
a)Vegetative propagules were certified
b)Quality of input was managed by proper scientific and hygenic propagation
techniques.
8)Studies on machineries,tools and equipment :
Brushcutter,fogger,sprinklers,watering cans,pruning shears,pruning
saws,axes,shovels,spade,hoes,trowels,rakes,secateurs etc.There was a tissue culture lab
which was established with the startup fund of Rs.50 Lakhs of NRL.
9) Personal management method :
Persons were selected after a training programme of 6 months.
Works were divided according to individual skill level.
Salary was given in the basis of seniority .
10)Safety measures and social responsibilities:
Wearing of mask ,gloves etc while applying pesticides to crop
First aid kit available.
Provision of employment to rural youth..
Incentive: 7% of sale was given as bonus occassionally.
11) Quality control and assessment of output:
Only certified varieties were sold.
Pest and disease infested or damaged plants were not sold
The form,colour,shape of the flowers and plants were as per standard variety
12) Value addition:
In Bougainvillea,the flower was cut in shapes as value addition.
In Chrysanthemum,the flower was decorated in 4 inch pots as value addition.
Ornamental and perfume industry
13) Despatching:
Plants were sold directly in the nursery
Plants were dispatched to wholesale and retail market with the help of minitrucks and
other vehicles.
14) Price fixation: Done as per prevailing market price and demand.
15) Outcome: Net Profit :-40%
16) Grading, packing and transportation of the produce:
Grading according to quality and health of plants.
Plants along with polybags or pots were packed in polyethene and boxes.
Products were transported by road mainly by mini trucks.
17) Market management: Through wholesalers, retailers and online marketing.

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 -Providingfree educationtothepoorstudent.
-FreeHorticulture&agriculturetrainingon campus.
-Freeplantationprogrammes.
-FreeHealthcheckupcamps.
18.Incentives –Bonuses are provided at the time ofcommunity festivals in the locality.
19. Quality control and assessment of output–
 SeedandCuttingSelection.
 Propersoilmediapreparation.
 Fieldscoutingforpest anddiseases.
 ProperNutrientand WaterManagement.
20.Valueaddition-
Chroma biotech lab
- Focused on bamboo micropropagation
- Monthly outcome 22,000 saplings
- Annual 1 million saplings
- NRL directly buys them for bio refinery
- Saplings also supplied to individual farmers and tea gardens as well
- All female lab
- Partnered up with Dibrugarh University to find out the source of contamination in
labs
Bamboo cultivation
- Planted in summer during first rains
- Leaf explant not used because callus if formed
- Nodule extension used
21.Dispatching – Through road carriers and courier service to different parts of
thecountry.
22.Pricefixation–depends onpresentmarketprice(atNational&Internationallevel).
23.Output-Seasonal flowers,pots andtubs, ornamentaland
exoticplants,vegetableseedlings,fruit plants, etc.
24.Grading,Packingandtransportation oftheproduce–

-Packingvaries withvarietyofplants.
-Packagingdone
withnewspaperrolls,gunnybags,cardboardboxes,corrugatedfiberboxes,etc. ensuring
safety of the product.
-Meansoftransportationgenerallyused- Trucks,Buses,Airways.
25.Marketing management – Strong presence and well reputed. Market created
byadvertisements,through websiteandmassmedia, involvementindifferent
 seminarsandvariousnational and international level workshops.
26.TypeofNursery–CommercialNursery.
27.Product dealt with – Live plants, seed and Propagation materials, pods,
seedlings,Farm Implements, Tissue culture, etc.
28.OrganizationalSetUp-Hierarchicalorg.
29.Briefinformationin InfrastructuralFacility-
A. Total Land area (in ha): 3 ha
a) Areaunder structural unit- 0.53ha
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 1. Areaunder productionunit–0.53 ha
 Wasteland–nil
 Areaunderrecreationalgrounds–0.13ha

Conclusion:-Daffodil Nursery (Old) is a well set up Horticultural Nursery and during

the Industrial visit the students were acquaint with the varieties of plants and their process
of plantation in the nursery. It has well management and regulations, safe guarding the
interestof its workers. Annual turn over of the nursery is around Rs.20-25crores.

INDUSTRYII:

1. NameoftheIndustry-ProgressiveFertichem
2. Address-Tupatoli,KamrupMetro,Assam
3. Ownership–Partnership,privetlimited
4. DurationofStudy-02hours
5. SalientPointsofDiscussion withthemanagement-
Machineriesinvolvedinproduction, grading and packaging. Skill development
of the workers throughtrainingsin ayear, organizational setup of processing.

6. Observationondifferentstepsofprocessing
7. QualityofInputs-Bestquality;exportedtoothercountrieslikeEgyptandJordan
8. StudiesonMachineries-
Boiler,SSPgranularmachine,RotaryAirlockwithBeltAccessories, Brass Sleeve
for SSP Mixer Shaft, Waste Gas Blower ImpellerwithShaft, 2 RollerPulverizer,
SuperMill Model SM-6
9. Personalmanagementmethods-
10. Safetymeasuresandsocialresponsibilities-
A. PromoteandmaintaintheOccupationalHealth&Safety(OH&S)standardsto
protect its human resources {including interested parties} from ill
healthand injury due to unforeseeable work heads associated with
manufacturingprocessoffertilizers includingcaptiveunits.

B. Comply with all the relevant statutory provisions and other requirements
inrespectofOH & S.

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11. Incentives-Bonuses areprovidedduringthetimeoffestivities

12. Qualitycontrolandassessmentofoutput-Goodquality

13. Valueaddition-collect rawmaterials forfertilizerpreparation

14. Despatching-dispatchedthroughrail,roadandairtransport;exportedtoJordanandEgypt

15. Price fixation - Single Super Phosphate Powder @ Rs. 550/ bag (50 kg.s)
[email protected]/tonne.Pricerate ofNPKvaryanddepends
onthedemandin the market.
16. Outcome-
TheymakefertilizersfromrawmaterialsbyChemicalprocess.TheseFertilizersweret
he outcome ofthe industry.

17. Grading,packingandtransportationoftheproducts:Gradingisnotdoneinthis
processas theoutcomeis same for each packaging.Packaging:DoneinHDPE
bags and Burlap sacks. Transportation: Road carries (bulk) and
Throughcourier(smallamount)

18. Marketmanagement:Marketwas createdbyproprietor’sreputationand

many marketingMarketing Representativeand advertisement,through
website and mass media, involving in different seminars
andvariousnational/ international level workshops.

19. Marketingmanagement-RetailandWholesalemarket,e-commerce

RecordsofPlacementinIndustry
A.Briefbackgroundinformationofthecommercialunit/industry.
1. NameoftheNursery-ProgressiveFertichem
2. Location-Tupatoli,KamrupMetroAssam
3. DateofEstablishment-25thMarch,2010
4. TypeofIndustry-FertilizersandPesticides
5. Productdealtwith-FertilizersandPesticides

B.BriefinformationinInfrastructuralFacility
1. Soil-SandyLoam
2. Climate-Hotandhumidclimate
3. Rainfall-140cm(average)

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 4. Temperature-25-35℃
5. Humidity-70-75%

C.Landarea(inha)
a) Areaunderstructuralunit-7ha
I) AdministrativeOffice-1ha
II) Areaundereachproductionunit-
oneeachforSSP,NPK,Alum,ZincSulphate
b) Areaundereachproductionunit-7ha
c) Wasteland-Nil
d) Areaunderrecreationalgrounds-NIL

INDUSTYIII:

1. NameoftheIndustry:SitajakhalaDugdhaUtpadakSamabaiSamitiLtd.

2. Address:Amlighat,Dibrugarh.

3. Ownership:SanjayTiwari.

4. Area:2500sq. feet.

5. Durationof Study:45 mins.

6. RawMaterials: Milk

7. Equipmentsandmachines:Boilingchambers,chillingchambers,Pasteurizationunit
.

8. Qualityofinput:standard qualityismaintained.

9. Personalmanagementmethod/wastemanagement:Effluenttreatmentplant

10. Safety measures and social responsibilities: Properly sanitized, wearing of

capsand gloves beforeentering the unit

11. Incentives:dependsuponthe profitofthecompany

12. Valueaddition:ghee,butter,paneer,sweets,curd

13. Dispatching:throughcoldchainvans.

14. Price fixation: The prices are fixed at an MRP depending upon the type of
theproduct.
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15. Outcome:ghee,curd,paneer,butter.
16. Grading/packing/
Transportationoftheproduce:packagingdonewithplasticofmore than 75 microns,
transported to nearby towns of Guwahati, Nalbari, Tezpur,etc
17. Marketmanagement:Retailandwholesalemarkets
18. Costofproduction:dependsontherawmaterials,Rs48to50perliter.40to50litersof
milk areprocessed on daily basis.
19. Electricity:3lakhsper month
20. Productsandbyproducts:compost
21. Totalworkforce
22. Labours:total=

1. Skilled:60+
2. Semi-skilled
3. Unskilled
Yearlyincome:35crore

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INDUSTYIV:
1. NameoftheIndustry:Bagharatextilecooperativesociety.
2. Address:Baghara,Ezabari,Dibrugarh.

3. Ownership:PhuleshwariDeka-Secretory andPurabiPathak -President

4. Registration: Feb,2019

5. Duration of Study: 45mins.

6. Rawmaterialsrequired:Reshmicottonand Erifabric.
7. Equipmentsandmachines:Zakardmachine
8. Personalmanagementmethod/ wastemanagement: Usedin clothmaking only.
9. Safety measures and social responsibilities: One person kept as guard
asconstructionwork is going on.
10. Incentives:MSMESfrutiprojectandAssamSomobaySangamstha.
11. Quality control and assessment of output:Experience and Guwahati IIE
traininggivento them to understand

12. Value Addition: Natural Coloring like turmeric and pther vegetable used to
addtexture.
13. Dispatching:Satyabati online,Ughabrandnameis thereforthem
14. Pricefixation:Cost+majuri+electriccost+30-50%profit
15. Grading/packing/
Transportationoftheproducecar:Byvan,sentproducts4timesto Guwahati.
16. Marketmanagement:Socialmedia
17. Costof production: 6.5 lakh
18. Electricity:Paidbysocietypermonth 2.7-2.8k
19. Productsandbyproducts:Mekhelachador,Gamusa,Shirt,Waistcoat,Hand
kerchief.
20. Labours:total =
1. Skilled500 2.Semi-skilled 3. Unskilled
21. Labours(Man,women):women
22. Yearlyincome:11lakh
23. Turnover:1lakh24K
24. B:Cratio:1.69

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INDUSTYV:

1. NameoftheIndustry:Bobi BoraFPC.
2. Address:KumoiGaon,Mayong,Dibrugarh

3. Ownership:BobiBorah;soleownership

4. Area:OwnLand

5. Duration of Study:15-30mins

6. RawMaterialsRequired:

 Formakingofpickles,therawmaterialslikemango,bambooshoot,chilliarereq
uired.

 For making of pitha, The rice is required and th jaggery and

othermaterialsarebought from themarket.

7. Equipiments and machines: Not required as it is manually done by engaging

2labours.

8. Qualityofinput:Bestquality, alsosold tonearby townsand cities.

9. Personal management method/ waste management: No waste as such as all

thematerialsareused.
10. Safety measures and social responsibilities: They prepare it in a proper
hygieniccondition.
11. Social responsibilities- In the initial days she used to rise ducks and goats.
Theyhave helped some nearby village womens and gave employment to the
residents.Alsoshe helped few students toappearforthe matriculation.
12. Incentives-
 Shereceivedthe‘LakhpatiBaideo Scheme’bythe
AssamgovernmentandalsoreceivedRs. 50,000/-
 Shealsogottheopportunitytomeet ourRespected PMofIndia,ShriNarendraModi
 Alsoattended‘NariDivas’heldinGuwahati
13. Quality control and assessment of output: The industry ensures good
qualityproductswith daily selling outputs.

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14. Grading/packing/Transportationoftheproduce:Nil/packingisdonemanually/Nil
15. Marketmanagement:Wellreputed
16. Costofproduction:InitiallyRs.10000
17. Electricity:Ownhouseelectricity
18. Labours:total :2
 Skilled= 2
 Semi-skilled=0
 Unskilled=0
19. Labours(Man,women):2womenlabours
20. Yearlyincome:4Lakh,80Thousands

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 CHAPTERXIII

PHOTOGRAPHIC
EVIDENCES

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 PLATENO.1:CROPPRODUCTION

PUDDLINGRICELAND ONION SEEDS

SOWINGANDTRANSPLANTING

WATERMELONSEEDLINGS CITRUS
CUTTINGSPLANTING PLANTING

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RICETRANSPLANTING

CAULIFLOWE
RHARVESTIN
G

WEEDINGINRICEFIELD
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 PLATENO.2:PLANT PROTECTION

APHIDSINFESTATIONINYARDL
YELLOWMOSAICOF
CUCURBITS ONG BEAN

ROOTROTOFCHILLI BUGS INFESTATIONINOKRA

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 DOWNYMILDEWINCUCURBITS

FRUIT ANDSHOOTBOREROFOKRA

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PLATENO.3:RURAL ECONOMICS

ADVERTISEMENT OF EXHBITION
INRURALS

SURVERYATNAMGHAR

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RURALMARKET SURVEY DATA
COLLECTIONATVILLAGE
COMMITTEE

INTERVIEW
WITHVILLAGEHE
AD

SURVEYOFSHGs

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 PLATE NO.: 4EXTENSION PROGRAMME

VILLAGE MAPPING
OFBORDIAVILLAGE TRANSECTWALK

VOLUNTARYSERVICEAT
REPUBLIC DAY SARASWATI
CELEBRATIONATKVK POOJACELEBRATION

METHODDEMONSTRATIONON
SRI INAUGURAL CEREMONY
OFINFORMATION
CENTRE

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 CELEBRATEDINTERNATNAL
WOMEN’SDAY
EXHIBITING MODELS
ININFORMATIONCENTR
E

WORLDSCIENCEDAY

EARTH’SDAY

TRAININGON
MAIZECULTIVATION

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 1STMETHODDE CLEANLINESS DRIVE AT
MOSTRATION MAYONGANCHALIKCOLLEGE

ORGANISED RELEASED THE

AGRICULTURALEXH SOUVENIR“NABAR
IBITION UN”

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 PLATENO.5:(I)ATTACHMENT WITH KVK

WITHTHE STAFF OFKVK

INTERACTIONWITHPDAND DEANOF
DIBRUGARH
AGRICULTURE

PRESENTATIONATKVK ENTERPRENEURMEET

AT KVK DIBRUGARH
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(III)AGRO-INDUSTRYVISIT

VisitedProgessiveFertichemIndustry
atTupatoli,Kamrup

VisitedBobi Food Product at

KumoiGaon,Mayong

VisitedDaffodilNursery atDhopguri
,Kamrup

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Visited Baghara textile
CooperativesocietyatEzabari,Di
brugarh

VisitedSitajakhalaDugdhaUtpadakS
amabaiSamitiLtd,Dibrugarh

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 PLATENO.8:MISCELLENEOUS

JUNBILLMELA TEAM
MOTIGAONAT
ASHRAM

AT DIBRUGARH EXHBITION

WALLMAGAZI
NEINAGURATI
ON

TEAMDIBRUGARH SHIVRATRI
PUJAATLOONMATI KASARSHILA
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REGISTERMAINTAINEDATINFORMATIONCENTRE

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 CHAPTER
XIIIGLIMPSES
OFMAGAZINES
ANDLEAFLETS

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 CHAPTER13
GLIMPSESOFMAGAZINE ANDLEAFLETS

THESOUVENIR“NABARUN”

TEAMLOGO WALLMAGAZINE“HIROLU”

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LEAFLETS

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CHAPTERXIVNE
WSPAPERCUTTI
NGS

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 CHAPTER
14NEWSPAPERCUTTINGS

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212|P age
213|P age
214|P age
THANKYOU

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