CALCULATION OF ELECTRIC FIELDS ELECFLD.

MCD
Work Order Account ........:
Client ....................:
Project ...................:
Feature ...................:Compute and Plot Electric Field
Item ......................:
By/Date ...................:Paul Dorvel 7/19/10
Checked/Date ..............:
Approved/Date .............:
Validation : SCE Fields 2D program set up for same circuit configuration, loading,
phasing and other values, computes E within 0.3%. This small error is likely due to
time sampling and calculation point differences. 7-19-10

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Compute and plot electric fields from a transmission line based on EPRI Red Book
Chapter 8 Methods pp330-332. Also compute space potential especially for evaluating
ADSS placement in the HV space. See Step 7.
Step 1 - SET Origin to 1,1 for convenience

ORIGIN  1

Step 2 - DEFINE constants

 12 farad
ε  8.854  10  permittivity of free space Replaced by built
m
in permittivity
f  60  Hz system frequency in Hz
constant.
ω  2π  f convert to radians

ω 376.991 s 1

j  120  deg Deleted and

a  e a   0.5  0.866j
specified in input
ϕ  120 phase angle matrix DA
Step 3 - INPUT Line Characteristics
Step 3.1 INPUT Line Data
V
V  230  kV Vlg 
3

b_max  60 a  1  3 b  1  2  b_max t  b  ms
b

Voltage now
Vlg  cos  ω  tb  ϕ  deg  j  sin  ω  tb  ϕ  deg  specified per wire
 
Vlg  cos  ω  t   j  sin  ω  t  in input matrix
  b b 
  Use line-ground voltage.
b Vlg  cos  ω  t  ϕ  deg  j  sin  ω  t  ϕ  deg 
VMXX 
 b b 
 
 0 
 
 0 

  127.123  38.381j    66.395  115j 

   
 96.8  90.901j   132.791 
VMXX   30.323  129.282j   kV VMXX   66.395  115j   kV

2   50  
 0   0 
   
 0   0 

b  b  b 
VM1  V  cos ω  t  ϕ  deg  j  sin ω  t  ϕ  deg 
  

 
VM2  V  cos ω  t  j  sin ω  t 
b  b b  
b  b  b 
VM3  V  cos ω  t  ϕ  deg  j  sin ω  t  ϕ  deg 
  

Voltage Waveforms -Real Component

250
230
200

150
Re ( VM1)
b 100
kV
Voltage (kV)

50
Re ( VM2)
b
0
kV

Re ( VM3)  50
b
kV  100

 150

 200
 230
 250
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
t
b
ms
Time (ms)
Step 3.1 - Wire Spatial Coordinates. Adjust C for additional wires. There is no
practical limit to the number of wires. Note improvement is to make a larger
array C with spatial dimensions, associated voltages, phase shifts if
any,diameters etc.

  16 35  Shieldwire 1
  Shieldwire 2
 0 35 
C   16 35   ft Wire coordinates now specified
  Phase 1
  10 45  Phase 2 in input matrix, allowing for
  Phase 3 multiple lines and wires.
 10 45 

rows ( C)  5 NC  rows ( C)

Step 3.3 - Define wire electrical values for computation of impedances

Step 3.3.1 - Subconductor Bundle Radius

NSC  1 Number of subconductors per phase bundle

If Nsc >1 then input non-zero value RADb below
S  0 Input Subconductor spacing in feet
S
RADb  RADb  0
2  sin 
π 

 NSC 
RADb  0 Subconductor bundle radius (in feet)
RADb  if NSC =  1  0  RADb

RADb  0 for use below

Step 3.4 - Enter shieldwire diameter in inches, compute GMR. Note if no shieldwire
enter 0 for diameter. Combine in single array above.

DIAsw  0.5in Diameters now

in inches
specified per wire
Step 3.5 - Enter diameter in inches for single subconductor.
in input matrix.. Combine in single array
above.
DIAph  0.927  in in inches

Step 3.6 - Develop Maxwell Potential Coefficients, [P]

i  1  rows ( C) j  1  rows ( C)

   2 
  
2 C
 Ci  1  Cj  1  C
 ln     i  2 j  2
 
 Ci  2     
 2 2
 ln 4     Ci  1  Cj  1  Ci  2  Cj  2   Same.
 if i = j 
 DIAph        
P
i  j
  Input from
 2πε 2πε 
input matrix
columns
  83.797 16.769 9.803 21.54 12.344 
 
 16.769 83.797 16.769 19.442 19.442 
P   9.803 21.54   μF
mile
16.769 83.797 12.344
 
 21.54 19.442 12.344 86.604 17.069 
 
 12.344 19.442 21.54 17.069 86.604 

 13145  1708  596  2639  822 

 
  1708 13536  1708  1980  1980 
1   pF
P   596  1708 13145  822  2639  Processing OK.
  mile
  2639  1980  822 13070  1551 
 
  822  1980  2639  1551 13070 

Step 3.8 - Calculate Q from [Q]= [P]-1*[V]

Compute Charge Density on Conductors as a function of V

and wire coordinates only. Time dependency related to b.

1
QM  P VMXX
b b

Eliminate array subscript a by separating QM into charges on each

wire due to all wires. Compute real and imaginary components of Q.

b  1
QM1  QM
b b  2
QM2  QM
b b  3
QM3  QM
b

QM1R  Re  QM
b

  1
b b

  2
QM2R  Re  QM
b b

  3
QM3R  Re  QM
b

QM1I  Im  QM
b

  1
b b

  2
QM2I  Im  QM
b b

  3
QM3I  Im  QM
b

b  4
QM4  QM
b
 5
QM5  QM
b b

QM4R  Re  QM
b

  4
b
  5
QM5R  Re  QM
b b

QM4I  Im  QM
b

  4
b
  5
QM5I  Im  QM
b b


Major change in this step. Time varying charge on

wire 1 ((QM)b)1 converted to single valued vector of
(b). But there is one per wire. New document goal is
to eliminate this brute force step to allow for more
automatic population of QM and subsequent variables
based on nested array manipulation.
Step 3.9- Establish Measuring Points for Calculation of Electric Field

N  100 Number of Points

ROWL   100  ft ROWR  100  ft Establish ROW limits + and -. ROWR is marker

CL  0  ft Establish CL position- Marker only

Xk used to plot E
ΔX  2  ft values. Distance interval between points

k  1  N Index k


X  k  ΔX  ROWL
k  Distance across right of way

X  if X = 0  1  ft  Xk Eliminate possibility of X=0 discontinuity

k  k 

ym  1m
Measuring height for electric field

Step 3.10 COMPUTE the X-component of El Field for each wire, measuring point and time
point defined by b. Compute separate terms EX1, EX2 and EX3 to eliminate i subscript.
This is similar major step. New program seeks to create an EX i,b,k allowing for
an arbitrary QM1
 large
b  k  1  1 
 Xnumber
 C of wires. Below individual equations are set up for
1 1 
each
EX1wire.    
b  k 2πε  C 2
 X   C
2
 ym 
C

2
 X   C
2
 ym  
  1  1 k
  1  2   1  1 k
  1  2  

 QM2b  Xk  C2  1  1 1 

EX2    
b  k 2πε  C 2
 X   C
2
 ym 
C

2
 X   C
2
 ym  
  2  1 k  2  2   2  1 k  2  2  

 QM3b  Xk  C3  1  1 1 

EX3    
b  k 2πε  2 2 C 2 2
 C  X   C  ym    X   C  ym  
  3  1 k
  3  2   3  1 k  3  2  

 QM4b  Xk  C4  1  1 1 

EX4    
b  k 2πε  C 2
 X   C
2
 ym 
C

2
 X   C
2
 ym  
  4  1 k  4  2   4  1 k  4  2  

 QM5b  Xk  C5  1  1 1 

EX5    
b  k 2πε  C 2
 X   C
2
 ym 
C

2
 X   C
2
 ym  
  5  1 k  5  2   5  1 k  5  2  
Step 3.11 COMPUTE the Y-component of E Field for each wire and point. Follow similar
procedure as in 3.10 above.

See comment on previous page.

QM1  ym  C1  2 ym  C1  2 
b      
  
 2  π  ε  
EY1
b  k 2 2 C 2 2
 C1  1  Xk  C1  2  ym    X   C  ym  
      1  1 k  1  2  

QM2  ym  C2  2 ym  C2  2 

b      
  
 2  π  ε  
EY2
b  k 2 2 C 2 2
 C2  1  Xk  C2  2  ym    X   C  ym  
      2  1 k  2  2  

QM3  ym  C3  2 ym  C3  2 

b      
  
 2  π  ε  
EY3
b  k 2 2 C 2 2
 C3  1  Xk  C3  2  ym    X   C  ym  
      3  1 k  3  2  

QM4  ym  C4  2 ym  C4  2 

b      
  
 2  π  ε  
EY4
b  k 2 2 C 2 2
 C4  1  Xk  C4  2  ym    X   C  ym  
      4  1 k  4  2  

QM5  ym  C5  2 ym  C5  2 

b      
  
 2  π  ε  
EY5
b  k 2 2 C 2 2
 C5  1  Xk  C5  2  ym    X   C  ym  
      5  1 k  5  2  

In new program
this is a sum over i
of the H and V
contributions at
each point (b,k).

Step 4.0 COMPUTE Total X, Y components of E Field at each point "k" due to all
conductors. Field and components are time varying with index "b" and space varying
with index "k"

EXT
b  k 
 EX1
b  k
 EX2
b  k
 EX3
b  k
 EX4
b  k
 EX5
b  k 

EYT
b  k 
 EY1
b  k
 EY2
b  k
 EY3
b  k
 EY4
b  k
 EY5
b  k 
Step 5.0 EXPRESS total E Field Phasor at each point "k" as complex value. Note that the
voltage, charge and E Field are time varying at each point, tracked with index "b".

Re_EXT
b  k 
 Re EXT
b  k  Im_EXT
b  k 
 Im EXT
b  k 
EXT  Re_EXT  j  Im_EXT
b  k b  k b  k

Re_EYT
b  k 
 Re EYT
b  k  Im_EYT
b  k 
 Im EYT
b  k 

EYT  Re_EYT  j  Im_EYT

b  k b  k b  k
Step 6.0 COMPUTE MAXIMUM Values at each spatial point "k" based on Appendix 8.1 of Deno

Step 6.1 SUMMARIZE EQUATIONS REQUIRED FOR ANALYSIS

Horizontal field component (X) Vertical field component (Y)

H
b  k
  Re_EXTb  k 2   Im_EXTb  k 2 V
b  k
  Re_EYTb  k 2   Im_EYTb  k 2
Same.
Phase angle for X component Phase angle for Y component

 Im_EXTb  k   Im_EYTb  k 
θ  atan  ϕ  atan 
b  k  Re_EXTb  k  b  k  Re_EYTb  k 
   

Basic equation for magnitude of E field

2 2 2  V2  cos ( ω  t  ϕ) 2
E = H  cos ( ω  t  θ )

d 2 is set equal to 0 to find times t at which field vector and components

E
dt
are extremes.

Solution to this is given below which is also set = 0

H2  sin  2  θ  V2  sin  2  ϕ

tan  2  ω  t   
H2  cos  2  θ  V2  cos  2  ϕ


Step 6.2 COMPUTE *t at which the fields are a maximum and minimum value on the field
ellipse.

Explicit solution for *t is given below. The result is one possibility for an
extreme value of H, min or max. There are four values of *t that satisfy the
equation, corresponding to each of four quadrant points ont the field ellipse.
Compute the first value of *t and corresponding time t.

Same.
   H 
  b  k  sin 2  θb  k   Vb  k  sin 2  ϕb  k 
2 2 ωt1
1 b  k
ωt1  atan   t1 
b  k b  k
 H   V 
ω
2 2  cos 2  θ  2  cos 2  ϕ  
 b  k  b  k b  k  b  k 

And the other angles and times are defined as follows.

π ωt2
ωt2  ωt1  b  k
b  k b  k 2 t2 
b  k ω
ωt3
b  k
ωt3  ωt1 π t3 
b  k b  k b  k ω

3π ωt4
ωt4  ωt1  b  k
b  k b  k 2 t4 
b  k ω
Step 6.3 COMPUTE Maximum and Minimum values of total E Field as it traces the field
ellipse at each point k at a time point b.

Substitute values of t found above and define four separate *t values
Same.

E_MAG_Axis1
b  k
  Hb  k 2  cos  ω  t1b  k  θb  k 2   Vb  k 2  cos  ω  t1b  k  ϕb  k 2

E_MAG_Axis2
b  k
  Hb  k 2  cos  ω  t2b  k  θb  k 2   Vb  k 2  cos  ω  t2b  k  ϕb  k 2

E_MAG_Axis3
b  k
  Hb  k 2  cos  ω  t3b  k  θb  k 2   Vb  k 2  cos  ω  t3b  k  ϕb  k 2

E_MAG_Axis4
b  k
  Hb  k 2  cos  ω  t4b  k  θb  k 2   Vb  k 2  cos  ω  t4b  k  ϕb  k 2

Note that *t 1 and 3 are the minimum pair while *t 2 and 4 are maximum pair. This
relationship may not always hold but there will be two similar pairs. But
values for 1 and 2 [or any consecutive pair] will contain a minimum and a maximum.

Select maximum value of extremes 1 and 2 below for each b,k combination

Same
E_MAX
b  k 
 max E_MAG_Axis1
b  k
 E_MAG_Axis2
b  k 
Next select the maximum value at each position k by selecting the maximum value while
varying b, the time interval. This program eliminates the time index b.

E_MX  A  0
k k

for b  0  1   b_max  1 Same

bb 1
A  E_MAX if E_MAX A
k b  k b  k k
A otherwise
k
A
k
Step 6.3A PLOT Maximum values of total E Field as it traces the field ellipse
at each point X ft.

kV  38 
 
 U1  24  ft  U2  24  ft
MX  max ( E_MX) MX  1.668  U  match ( MX  E_MX)  Peak4  X Peak5  X
m
 62 

Plot is OK and as
expected.
Maximum E Field vs Distance
1.7 CL ROWR
ft ft
1.625

1.55

1.475

1.4

1.325

1.25

1.175
Maximum E Field (kV/m)

1.1

1.025
E_MX
k
kV 0.95
m
0.875

0.8

0.725

0.65

0.575

0.5

0.425

0.35

0.275

0.2
 100 90  80  70  60  50  40  30  20  10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
X
k
ft
Distance Across Right of Way
Step 6.4 COMPUTE and PLOT Separate Maximum Horizontal (X) Component

H
b  k
  Re_EXTb  k 2   Im_EXTb  k 2

EH_MAX  HMAX  0
k k

for b  0  1   b_max  1
bb 1 Plots OK and as expected.
HMAX  H if H  HMAX
k b  k b  k k
HMAX otherwise
k
HMAX
k

HX  max ( EH_MAX) HX  0.371 

kV
m
M  match ( HX  EH_MAX)   50  Peak3  X
M   1  ft
 1

Max Horizontal E Field vs. Distance

0.38 CL ROWR
ft ft
0.361

0.342

0.323

0.304

0.285

0.266
Maximum Horizontal E Field (kV/m)

0.247

0.228

0.209
EH_MAX
k
kV 0.19
m
0.171

0.152

0.133

0.114

0.095

0.076

0.057

0.038

0.019

0
 100 90  80  70  60  50  40  30  20  10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
X
k
ft
Distance from Line (ft)
Step 6.5 COMPUTE and PLOT Separate Maximum Vertical (Y) Field Component

V
b  k
  Re_EYTb  k 2   Im_EYTb  k 2

EV_MAX  VMAX  0
k k

for b  0  1   b_max  1
bb 1
Plots OK and as expected
VMAX  V if V  VMAX
k b  k b  k k
VMAX otherwise
k
VMAX
k

kV  38 
 
 Z1  24  ft Peak2  X Z2  24  ft
VX  max ( EV_MAX) VX  1.668  Z  match ( VX  EV_MAX)  Peak1  X
m
 62 

Max Vertical E Field vs. Distance

1.7 CL ROWR
1.625 ft ft

1.55
1.475
1.4
1.325
E Field (kV/m)

1.25
1.175
1.1

EV_MAX 1.025
k
0.95
Maximum Vertical

kV
m
0.875
0.8
0.725
0.65
0.575
0.5
0.425
0.35
0.275
0.2
 100 90  80  70  60  50  40  30  20  10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
X
k
ft
Distance from Line (ft)
STEP 7 COMPUTE Space Potential VR from Q values in step 3.8 above

Step 7.1 SET UP Line Voltages

 2 π 
 j 
 e 3    66.395  115j 
   
 1   132.791 
VMX  Vlg    2  π   VMX    66.395  115j   kV
  j    
e  3    0 
   
 0   0 
 
 0 

Step 7.2 COMPUTE Line Charges Q  from P  7  7


 6.587  10  9.819j  10
 
 6 
1.258  10
 
QSP  P
1
 VMX QSP 
 7  7  C  m 1
  6.587  10  9.819j  10 
 8 7

  2.061  10  1.299j  10 
 
  2.061  10 8  1.299j  10 7 
 

  7  7 
 6.587  10   9.819  10 
   
 6   0 
 1.258  10    7 1
  7  C  m 1 QSPIMAG  Im ( QSP)    9.819  10  C m
QSPREAL  Re ( QSP) 
  6.587  10   
    1.299  10 7 
8
  2.061  10   
   7 
  2.061  10 8   1.299  10 
 

Step 7.3 EXPRESS Intermediate dimensional parameters using the same notation as BPA

Set up coordinates for conductors:

 1 
X2  C  i
 2 
Y2  C  i
i i

Express real, imaginary and total space potential in terms of x, y

      
1
NC     X2i  x  ft 2   Y2i  y  ft 2  ln   X2i  x  ft 2   Y2i  y  ft 2
VR2 ( x  y) 
ε

 QSPREAL  ln 
 i   ym   ym 
i  1

     
1
NC     X2i  x  ft 2   Y2i  y  ft 2  ln   X2i  x  ft 2   Y2i  y  ft 2
VI2 ( x  y) 
ε

 QSPIMAG  ln 
 i   ym   ym 
i  1

2  VI2 ( x  y) 2
VR2 ( x  y)
VT2 ( x  y) 
kV
Step 7.4 SET UP boundaries for contour plot of space potential.

Step 7.4.1 EXTRACT limits of X and Y conductor positions.

  1  
Xmin  Round min C   1  ft
  2  
Ymin  Round min C   1  ft Xmin   16  ft Ymin  35  ft

  1  
Xmax  Round max C   1  ft
  2  
Ymax  Round max C   1  ft Xmax  16  ft Ymax  45  ft

Step 7.4.2 SPECIFY deltas to compute bounds of plot from limits above. Note vary these
values to expand the plot area.

δX  10  ft δY  20  ft

Step 7.4.3 COMPUTE left, right X and lower,upper Y boundaries for plot. Note that you
can also alter the plot area by adding an appropriate multiplication factor in front of
δx or δy.
Xmin  4 δX Xmax  4 δX Ymax  4 δY Ymin  4 δY
XL  XR  YU  YL 
ft ft ft ft

XL   56 XR  56 YU  125 YL   45
Step 7.5 CREATE Mesh for grid and produce the contour plot. See the description of input
for the CreateMesh command below. You can directly vary all the inputs to the right of
the function (VTT),i.e replace say XL with a number. The electric potential is often
used to pick the most appropriate ADSS jacket and position on the structure.


VTT  CreateMesh VT2  XL  XR  YL  YU  200  200  Plots OK and as expected.
Need to vary plot parameters
for best view.
Space Potential Around Conductors

VTT
t