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Quiz 2 Vectors

Chapter 3 presents Quiz 2 on vectors, covering topics such as the Least Squares Problem, Inequalities for Vectors, the Angle Between Two Vectors, and Vectors, Lines, Planes, and Hyperplanes. The quiz consists of multiple questions that require finding scalar values to minimize vector equations, understanding inequalities, and determining angles between vectors. Each section includes specific questions and statements to evaluate the understanding of the concepts presented.

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3 views5 pages

Quiz 2 Vectors

Chapter 3 presents Quiz 2 on vectors, covering topics such as the Least Squares Problem, Inequalities for Vectors, the Angle Between Two Vectors, and Vectors, Lines, Planes, and Hyperplanes. The quiz consists of multiple questions that require finding scalar values to minimize vector equations, understanding inequalities, and determining angles between vectors. Each section includes specific questions and statements to evaluate the understanding of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

wuzhiying1201
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3

Quiz 2: Vectors

3.1 Topics Covered


This quiz covers the topics from chapter 2 of the revision maths notes on vectors
listed below. The chapter also covers some more basic material which is tested
in quiz 1.
• The Least Squares Problem (useful topic, questions 1-3)
• Inequalities for Vectors (useful topic, questions 4-5)
• The Angle Between Two Vectors (essential topic, questions 6-8)
• Vectors, Lines, Planes and Hyperplanes (essential topic, questions 9-10)

3.2 The Least Squares Problem (useful topic,


questions 1-3)
Quiz 2 question 1 Let
µ ¶ µ ¶
0 4
x= and y =
1 3
Find the value of the scalar  that minimises ky−xk  Note that this is the
2
same as the value of  that minimises ky−xk , which is easier to work with.
Show x, y, x and y−x on an accurate diagram. Which of the following
statements are true?
1.  = 2
2.  = 3
3.  = 4
0
4. x0 (y−x) = (y−x) x =1
5. x0 (y−x) = (y−x)0 x =0
6. The vectors x and y−x are parallel.
7. The vectors x and y−x are at 90◦ to each other.

11
12 CHAPTER 3. QUIZ 2: VECTORS

Quiz 2 question 2 Let


µ ¶ µ ¶
1 10
x= and y =
2 5

Find the value of the scalar  that minimises ky−xk  Note that this is the
same as the value of  that minimises ky−xk2 , which is easier to work with.
Show x, y, x and y−x on an accurate diagram. Which of the following
statements are true?
1.  = 2
2.  = 3
3.  = 4
0
4. x0 (y−x) = (y−x) x =1
5. x0 (y−x) = (y−x)0 x =0
6. The vectors x and y−x are parallel.
7. The vectors x and y−x are at 90◦ to each other.

Quiz 2 question 3 Let


⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
1 1
⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
x=⎜
⎜  ⎟
⎟ y=⎜
⎜  ⎟
⎟
⎝  ⎠ ⎝  ⎠
 

Assume that x 6=0. Find the value of the scalar  that minimises ky−xk.
Note that the value  that minimises ky−xk is the same as the value of  that
2
minimises ky−xk , which is a quadratic function of . If possible find the
minimum by completing the square.
Note also that x is a vector that is a scalar multiple of x so lies on the same
line as x. The vector y−x joins a point on this line y Thus x is the point
on the line through x that is closest to y. Draw a pair of vectors x and y and
use this property to find x
Which of the following statements are true?
¡P ¢ P
1.  = (x0 x) x0 y = 2
=1  ( =1   ) 
¡P ¢ P
2.  = − (x0 x) x0 y = − 2
=1  ( =1   ) 

−1 ¡P ¢
2 −1
P
3.  = (x0 x) x0 y = =1  ( =1   ) 
0
4. x0 (y−x) = (y−x) x =1
5. x0 (y−x) = (y−x)0 x =0
6. The vectors x and y−x are parallel.
7. The vectors x and y−x are at 90◦ to each other.
3.3. INEQUALITIES FOR VECTORS (USEFUL TOPIC, QUESTIONS 4 - 5)13

3.3 Inequalities for Vectors (useful topic, ques-


tions 4 - 5)

Quiz 2 question 4: the Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality Click the statements


that hold for all vectors x and y.
1
1. x0 y ≤
kxk kyk

2. x0 y ≤ (x0 x) (y0 y)
1 1
0
3. x0 y ≤ (x x) 2 (y0 y) 2
−1
4. x0 y ≤ (x0 x)−1 (y0 y)
5. x0 y ≤ kxk kyk
6. |x0 y| ≤ kxk kyk

Quiz 2 question 5: the Triangle Inequality Click the statements that


hold for all vectors x and y

1. kx + yk  kxk + kyk
2. kx + yk ≤ kxk + kyk
3. kx + yk = kxk + kyk
4. kx + yk  kxk + kyk
5. kx − yk  kxk − kyk
6. kx − yk ≤ kxk + kyk

3.4 The Angle Between Two Vectors (essential


topic, questions 6-8)

Quiz 2 question 6 Which of the following statements is true if  is the angle


between the vectors x and y?
cos 
1. x0 y =
kxk kyk
0
2. x0 y = (x x) (y0 y) cos 
1 1
3. x0 y = (x0 x) 2 (y0 y) 2 cos 

4. x0 y = (x0 x)−1 (y0 y)−1 cos 


5. x0 y = kxk kyk cos 
14 CHAPTER 3. QUIZ 2: VECTORS

x2 a b
a

x0 c
d
p’( x - x0 ) = 0

x1

Figure 3.1: question 9

Quiz 2 question 7 If x0 y = 0 x 6= 0 and y 6= 0 what is the angle between x

and y?

1. 0◦

2. 45◦

3. 90◦

4. 135◦

5. 180◦
√ √
Quiz 2 question 8 If x0 = (3 4) and y0 = (− 2 7 2) what is the angle
between  and ?

1. 0◦

2. 45◦

3. 90◦

4. 135◦

5. 180◦

3.5 Vectors, Lines, Planes and Hyperplanes (es-


sential topic, questions 9-10)
Quiz 2 question 9 Figure 3.1 shows the line p0 (x − x0 ) = 0 and four vectors
a, b c and d. Which of these vectors could not be p?
3.5. VECTORS, LINES, PLANES AND HYPERPLANES (ESSENTIAL TOPIC, QUESTIONS 9-10)15

1. a
2. b
3. c
4. d

Quiz 2 question 10 If p,x and x0 are elements of R3 the set of points


satisfying p0 (x − x0 ) = 0 is a:

1. line
2. plane
3. hyperplane
4. none of the above

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