(A PLACE TO LEARN) 9000 68 76 00

SL.NO CHAPTER NAME VSAQ(2M) SAQ(4M) LAQ(7M) TOTAL

1
CIRCLE 2+2 4 7+7 22

2
SYSTEM OF CIRCLES 2 4 4

3
PARABOLA 2 - 7 9

4
ELLIPSE - 4+4 - 8

5
HYPERBOLA 2 4 - 6

6
INDIFINITE 2+2 - 7 +7 18
INTEGRATION
7
DIFINITE 2+2 4 7 15
INTEGRATION
8
DIFFERENTIAL 2 4 7 13
EQUATIONS

TOTAL 20 20 35 75
MARKS
AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

1. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟖𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎.
𝐒𝐨𝐥: given equation of the circle x + y − 8x − 2y − 8 = 0 … . . (1)
Centre (4, 1) & r = g +f −c= (−4) + (−1) + 8 = √25 = 5

Given line x + y + 1 = 0 … . . (2) [ax + by + c = 0]

Perpindicular Distance from centre (4, 1) to given line (2)

| ( ) ( ) | | |
𝑑=
( ) ( ) √

| |
= = 3√2 = √18
√
length of chord intercepted by the circle = 2√r − d
= 2√25 − 18 = 2√7units

2. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝐱 − 𝟑𝐲 − 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐲 = 𝐱 − 𝟑.
𝐒𝐨𝐥: given equation of the circle x + y − x − 3y − 22 = 0 … . . (1)

Centre , and r = g +f −c = + + 22

= =

Given line x − y − 3 = 0 … . . (2) [ax + by + c = 0]

Perpindicular Distance from centre , to given line (2)

| |
𝑑=
( ) ( ) √

| |
= =
√ √
length of chord intercepted by the circle = 2√r − d

= 2 − = 2√24 = 4√4 units

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

3. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞 (−𝟐, 𝟑)𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝
𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝟐 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.
Sol: given centre C (−2, 3)
Given equation of the chord 3x + 4y + 4 = 0 [ax + by + c = 0] … . (1)
d = ⊥ Distance from centre C (−2, 3) to given line (1)

𝑎𝑥1 +𝑏𝑦1 +𝑐 | ( ) ( ) | | |
d = = = = =2
𝑎2 +𝑏2 ( ) ( ) √
Given length of chord 2√r − d = 2
⇒ √r − d = 1
⇒ r − d = 1 (d = 2)
⇒r −4=1
∴ r =5
Required eq’’n of the circle is
(𝐱 − 𝐚)𝟐 + (𝐲 − 𝐛)𝟐 = 𝐫 𝟐
⇒ (x + 2) + (y − 3) = 5

x + y + 4x − 6y + 8 = 0

4. 𝐈𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐲 = 𝐦𝐱 + 𝐜 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 intersects A and B and AB= 𝟐𝝀

𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝟐 = (𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 )(𝒂𝟐 − 𝝀𝟐 ).
SOL: Sol: given 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 … . . (1)
centre C (0, 0) , radius=a
Given equation of the chord mx − y + c = 0[ax + by + c = 0] … . (2)
d = ⊥ Distance from centre C (0, 0) to given line (2)
𝑎𝑥1 +𝑏𝑦1 +𝑐 | ( ) ( ) | | |
d = = =
𝑎2 +𝑏2 ( ) ( ) √1+𝑚2
Given length of chord 2√r − d = 2𝜆
⇒ √a − d = 𝜆 S.O. B
⇒a −d =𝜆
⇒a −𝜆 =d
|c|
⇒ (a − 𝜆 ) =
√

⇒ (1 + 𝑚 )(a − 𝜆 ) = [c]

∴ 𝑐 = (1 + 𝑚 )(𝑎 − 𝜆 ).

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

5. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟒𝟓 = 𝟎 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟖𝐲 + 𝟓 = 𝟎
Sol: given equation of the circle x + y − 6x − 8y + 5 = 0 … . . (1)

Centre (3, 4) and r = (−3) + (−4) − 5=√20

Given line 3x + 4y − 45 = 0 here l = 3, m = 4 & 𝑛 = −45

Now 𝑙𝑔 + 𝑚𝑓 − 𝑛 = 3(−3) + 4(−4) + 45 = 20

The pole = −g + , −f +

( ) ( )
= 3+ ,4+

= (3 + 3, 4 + 4) = (6. 8)

6. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
Sol: given equation of the circle x + y − 4x + 6y − 12 = 0 … . . (1)

Centre (2, -3) and r = (2) + (3) + 12=√25

Given line x + y + 2 = 0 = 0 here l = 1, m = 1 & 𝑛 = 2

Now 𝑙𝑔 + 𝑚𝑓 − 𝑛 = 1(−2) + 1(3) − 2 = −1

The pole = −g + , −f +

( ) ( )
= 2+ , −3 +

= (2 − 25, −3 − 25) = (−𝟐𝟑, −𝟐𝟖)

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

7. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐤 𝐢𝐟 𝐤𝐱 + 𝟑𝐲 − 𝟏 = 𝟎,

𝟐𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟒 = 𝟎.
𝟐

Sol: Given equation of the circle x + y − 2x − 4y − 4 = 0 … . . (1)

Centre (1, 2) and r = (1) + (2) + 4=√9=3

Given line 2x + y + 5 = 0 here l = 2, m = 1 and n = 5

Now 𝑙𝑔 + 𝑚𝑓 − 𝑛 = 2(−1) + 1(−2) − 5 = −9

The pole = −g + , −f +

( ) ( )
= 1+ ,2 +
= (1 − 2, 2 − 1)= (-1, 1)

(−1, 1) lies on kx + 3y − 1 = 0 ⇨−k + 3 − 1 = 0 ⇨ k = 2.

8. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐤 𝐢𝐟 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟓 = 𝟎,
𝟐𝐱 + 𝐤𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟏 = 𝟎.
Sol: Given equation of the circle x + y − 2x − 2y − 1 = 0 … . . (1)

Centre (1, 1) and r = (1) + (1) + 1=√3

Given line x + y − 5 = 0 here l = 1, m = 1 and n = −5

Now 𝑙𝑔 + 𝑚𝑓 − 𝑛 = 1(−1) + 1(−1) + 5 = 3

The pole = −g + , −f +

( ) ( )
= 1+ ,1 +
= (1 + 1, 1 + 1)= (2. 2)

(2, 2) lies on 2x + ky − 8 = 0 ⇨2(2) + k(2) − 8 = 0 ⇨ k = 2.

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

9. If the abscissa of points A, B are the roots of the equation

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐚𝐱 − 𝐛𝟐 = 𝟎 And the ordinates of A, B are the roots of
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐩𝐲 − 𝐪𝟐 = 𝟎, then find the equation of a circle for which AB as a
diameter.
Sol: Let A(x , y ) and B(x , y )
Given that
x , x be the roots of x + 2ax − b = 0
⇨(x − x )(x − x ) = x + 2ax − b
And
Given that
y , y be the roots of y + 2py − q = 0
⇨(y − y )(y − y ) = y + 2py − q

Equation of the circle with AB as a diameter is

(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐 ) + (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 )(𝐲 − 𝐲𝟐 ) = 𝟎

⇨(x + 2ax − b ) + (y + 2py − q ) = 0

⇨x + y + 2ax + 2py − b − q = 0 is the required eq’’n of the circle.

10. If a point P is moving such that the lengths of tangents from P to

the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 , 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟔𝐱 + 𝟏𝟖𝐲 + 𝟐𝟔 =
𝟎 are in the ratio 2:3 the find the equation of the locus of p.
Sol: let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus
Given that = ⇒3 S = 2 S′ S.O.B
⇒9(S ) = 4(S )

⇒ 9(x +y − 6x − 4y − 12) = 4(x +y + 6x + 18y + 26)

⇒(9x + 9y − 54x − 36y − 108) − 4x

− 4y − 24x − 72y − 104 = 0

⇒5x + 5y − 78x − 108y − 212=0

∴ the equation of locus of p is

5𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟓𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟕𝟖𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝐲 − 𝟐𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 .

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

11. Find the equations of the tangents to the circle

𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 Which are perpendicular to
𝟐

𝟑𝐱 − 𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.
𝐒𝐨𝐥: given equation of the circle x + y + 2x − 2y − 3 = 0 … . . (1)
Centre (−1, 1) and radius r = g + f − c = (1) + (−1) + 3 = √5
The given line 3x − y + 4 = 0 … . . (2)
Slope (m)= − = − = 3 and ⊥ slope(m) = − ⇨m =
Eq’’n of tangent to S=0 & ⊥ to (2)
is (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 ) = 𝐦(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 ) ± 𝐫√𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐

⇨ (y − 1) = − (x + 1) ± √5 1 +
( ) √ √
⇨ (y − 1) = − ±
⇨ 3(y − 1) = −(x + 1) ± 5√2
⇨ x + 1 + 3y − 3 ± 5√2 = 0
Hence required eq’’n of tangents are

x + 3y − 2 ± 5√2 = 0.

12. Find the equations of the tangents to the circle

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 Which are parallel to 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎.
Sol: given equation of the circle 𝐒 ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎

Centre (2, -3) and radius (r) = (−2) + (3) + 12

=√4 + 9 + 12 = √25 = 5

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟏)

Slope (m)= − = − = −1

Eq’’n of tangent to S=0 & parallel to (1)

is (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 ) = 𝐦(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 ) ± 𝐫√𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐
⇨ (y + 3) = −1(x − 2) ± 5√1 + 1
⇨ x − 2 + y + 3 ± 5√2 = 0

Hence required eq’’n of tangents are 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟏 ± 𝟓√𝟐 = 𝟎.

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

13. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨

𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐭 (𝟑, −𝟏).
𝟐

𝐀𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐢𝐭.

Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y − 2x + 4y = 0 … . . (1)
Centre (1, −2) and radius (r) = (−1) + (2) + 0 = √5

The equation of tangent at (3, −1) is

𝐒𝟏 = 𝐱𝐱 𝟏 + 𝐲𝐲𝟏 + 𝐠(𝐱 + 𝐱𝟏 ) + 𝐟(𝐲 + 𝐲𝟏 ) + 𝐜 = 𝟎

⇨ x(3) + y(−1) − 1(x + 3) + 2(y − 1) = 0

⇒ 3x − y − x − 3 + 2y − 2 = 0

⇒ 2x + y − 5 = 0 … . (2)

here slope (m) = −2

Required eq’’n of the tangent to (1) and it is parallel to (2) is

(y − y ) = m(x − x ) ± r√1 + m

⇒ (y + 2) = −2(x − 1) ± √5 1 + (−2)

⇒ (y + 2) = −2(x − 1) ± √5√5

⇒ (y + 2) = −2(x − 1) ± 5

⇒ y + 2 = −2x + 2 ± 5

∴ 2x + y ± 5 = 0.

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

14. 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐭 (−𝟏, 𝟐)𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞

𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟖𝐲 + 𝟕 = 𝟎 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝟐

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭.

𝐒𝐨𝐥: equation of the tangent at (−1, 2) to the circle

x + y − 4x − 8y + 7 = 0 is
𝐒𝟏 = 𝐱𝐱𝟏 + 𝐲𝐲𝟏 + 𝐠(𝐱 + 𝐱 𝟏 ) + 𝐟(𝐲 + 𝐲𝟏 ) + 𝐜 = 𝟎
⇒ x(−1) + y(2) − 2(x − 1) − 4(y + 2) + 7 = 0
⇒ −3x − 2y + 1 = 0
⇒ 3x + 2y − 1 = 0 … . (1)

For the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 = 𝟎 centre (−2, −3),

r = (2) + (3) − 0 = √13

⊥ Distance from centre (−2, −3) to given line (1)

| ( ) ( ) | | |
= = = = √13
( ) ( ) √ √
so the line (1) also touches the 2nd circle.
let (h, k) be the required point of contact.

so it is the foot of the ⊥ from the centre (−2, −3)

𝐡 𝐱𝟏 𝐤 𝐲𝟏 (𝐚𝐱 𝟏 𝐛𝐲𝟏 𝐜)
= =−
𝐚 𝐛 𝐚𝟐 𝐛 𝟐
[ ( ) ( ) )]
⇒ = =−
( )
⇒ = =− =1
⇒ = 1 and ⇒ =1
h + 2 = 3 and k + 3 = 2
h = 3 − 2 and k = 2 − 3
h = 1 , k = −1

Coordinate of point of contact = (1, −1. )

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

15. Show that 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 0 touches the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕𝐲 + 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟎

And find its point of contact.
𝐒𝐨𝐥: circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕𝐲 + 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟎
centre (−g, −f) = ( , − )

r = + − 14 = = =
√

⊥ Distance from centre ,− to given line 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎

| | | |
= = = =
( ) ( ) √ √ √

𝒓 = 𝒅 The line touches the circle.

let (h, k) be the required mid point .

so it is the foot of the ⊥ from the centre ,−
( )
= =−

⇒ = =−
( )
⇒ = == − =

⇒ = and ⇒ =
h= + and k = −
h = and 5k = −

h = 2 , k = −3

Coordinate of point of contact = (2, −3. )

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

16. Find the mid-point of the chord intercepted by

𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 On the line 𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟕 = 𝟎.
𝟐

𝐒𝐨𝐥: circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 centre (1, 5),

r = (1) + (5) − 1 = 5
⊥ Distance from centre (1, 5) to given line 𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟕 = 𝟎
| ( ) ( ) | | |
= = =
( ) ( ) √ √

𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐬

𝟐√𝐫 𝟐 − 𝐝𝟐 = 2 25 − = 2
( )
=2 = = units
√ √

𝐥𝐞𝐭 (𝐡, 𝐤) 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐢𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 .

so it is the foot of the ⊥ from the centre (1, 5)
( )
= =−

[ ( ) ( ) ]
⇒ = =−
( )
⇒ = =− =
⇒ = and ⇒ =
5h − 5 = 2 and 5k − 25 = −4
5h = 2 + 5 = 7 and 5k = −4 + 25

h= ,k =

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

17. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞

𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐭 (𝟑, 𝟐)
𝟐

𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞.
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y − 4x − 6y + 11 = 0 … . . (1)
Centre C (2, 3) = (−g, −f)
Given point A (3, 2) = (x , y )

The equation of the normal is

(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐲𝟏 + 𝐟) − (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 )(𝐱 𝟏 + 𝐠) = 𝟎

⇒ (x − 3)(2 − 3) − (y − 2)(3 − 2) = 0
⇒ −x + 3 − y + 2 = 0 ⇒ x + y − 5 = 0.

𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐢𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐀 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁

𝐱 𝟏 𝐱 𝟐 𝐲𝟏 𝐲𝟐
, = (𝟐, 𝟑) ⇒ , = (2, 3)
𝟐 𝟐

⇒ = 2 and =3
⇒ 3 + a = 4 and 2 + b = 6
⇒ a = 4 − 3 and b = 6 − 2 B (a, b) = (1, 4)

18. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐭

(𝟑, −𝟒)𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎
𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐱𝐞𝐬.
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y − 22x − 4y + 25 = 0 … . . (1)
Centre C (11, 2) = (−g, −f)
Given point A (3, −4) = (x , y )
The equation of the normal is
(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐲𝟏 + 𝐟) − (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 )(𝐱 𝟏 + 𝐠) = 𝟎
⇒ (x − 3)(−4 − 2) − (y + 4)(3 − 11) = 0
⇒ 3x − 4y − 25 = 0.
Area of the triangle formed by the normal with the
𝟏 𝐜𝟐 ( )
coordinate axes = = )
𝟐 𝐚.𝐛 .(

= sq. units

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

19. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐧 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦

(𝟎, 𝟎) 𝐭𝐨 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝐱 + 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟎
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y + 10x + 10y + 40 = 0 … . . (1), P(x , y ) = (0, 0)
S = xx + yy + g(x + x ) + f(y + y ) + c = 0
S ≡ x(0) + y(0) + 5(x + 0) + 5(y + 0) + 40 ⇨ S ≡ 5x + 5y + 40
S ≡ 02 + 02 + 10(0) + 10(0) + 40 = 40
𝐞𝐪 𝐧𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐒𝟏 𝟐 = 𝐒𝐒𝟏𝟏
(5x + 5y + 40 ) = ( x2 + y2 + 10x + 10y + 40)(40)
⇨25(x + y + 8) = ( x2 + y2 + 10x + 10y + 40)(40)

⇒ 5{x + y + 64 + 2xy + 16y + 16x} = {8x + 8y + 80x + 80y +

320}

⇒ {8x + 8y + 80x + 80y + 320 −5x − 5y − 320 − 10xy − 80y −

80x = 0
⇒ 3x − 10xy + 3y = 0

(b).Find the pair of tangents from the origin to the circle

𝐒 = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 And hence deduce a condition
for these tangents to be 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 .
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 … . . (1), P(x , y ) = (0, 0)

S = xx + yy + g(x + x ) + f(y + y ) + c = 0

S ≡ x(0) + y(0) + g(x + 0) + f(y + 0) + c

S ≡ gx + fy + c
S ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜
S ≡ 𝟎𝟐 + 𝟎𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠(𝟎) + 𝟐𝐟(𝟎) + 𝐜 = 𝐜

𝐞𝐪 𝐧𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐒𝟏 𝟐 = 𝐒𝐒𝟏𝟏

⇨ (𝑔𝑥 + 𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐) =[x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c ](𝑐)

⇨𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑦 + 𝑐 + 2𝑔𝑓𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑓𝑐𝑦 + 2𝑔𝑐𝑥

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

= cx + cy + 2gxc + 2fyc + 𝑐

⇨(𝑔 − 𝑐)𝑥 + 2𝑔𝑓𝑥𝑦 + (𝑓 − 𝑐)𝑦 = 0

Given that tangents are perpendicular to each other

⇨coefficient of 𝒙𝟐 + coefficient of 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎

(𝑔 − 𝑐) + (𝑓 − 𝑐) = 0

∴ g + f =2c

20. (a).Find the condition that the tangents drawn from the exterior
point
(0, 0) to the circle 𝐒 = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫.
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0… (1)

r= g + f − c , length of tangent= S

if θ is angle the pair of tangents drawn from

(0, 0) to S=0 is

S = 0 + 0 + 2g(0) + 2f(0) + c = c

Then tan = [θ = 90°]

√

°
⇨tan = ⇨tan 45° =
√ √

1= S.O.B and cross multiplying⇨c = g + f − c

√
∴2c = g + f

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

(b).Find the condition that the tangents drawn from the exterior point
(g, f) to the circle 𝐒 = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫.
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0… (1)
r= g + f − c , length of tangent= S
if θ is angle the
pair of tangents drawn from
(g, f) to S=0 is
S = g + f + 2g(g) + 2f(f) + c = 3g + 3f + c

Then tan = [θ = 90°]

√
°
⇨tan = ⇨tan 45° =

1= S.O.B and cross multiplying

⇨3g + 3f + c = g + f − c
g + f + c = 0.
21. Find the inverse point of (-2, 3) w.r.t the circle
𝟐 𝟐
𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟗 = 𝟎.
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y − 4x − 6y + 9 = 0 … . . (1)
Centre C (2, 3) = (x , y ) , given point P (-2, 3) = (x , y )
eq n of CP is (y − y ) = m(x − x )
⇨ (y − 2) = (x − 2)
⇨y − 2 = 0 … … . (1)
eq n of polar of p(−2, 3) is S = 0
S = xx + yy + g(x + x ) + f(y + y ) + c = 0
⇨x(−2) + y(3) − 2(x − 2) − 3(y + 3) + 9 = 0
⇨−2x + 3y − 2x + 4 − 3y − 9 + 9 = 0
⇨−4x = −4 ⇨ x = 1 … … . (2)
Solving (1) & (2) ⇨(x, y) = (1, 3)

∴ The inverse point of p is (1, 3)

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

LEVEL-II

Important questions:

22.Find the angle between the pair of tangents drawn from (3, 2) to the
circle x + y − 6x + 4y − 2 = 0 .

23.If the polar of a point of x + y = a with respect to x + y = b

touches the circle x + y = c then show that a, b, c are in
geometrical progressions.

24.Find the area of the triangle formed with the coordinate axes and the
tangent drawn at the point (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) on the circle x + y = a .

25.Find the equations to the circles which touch the lines

4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 5 = 0, 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 10 = 0 and pass through (1, -1).

26.Find the equation of the circle passing through (0, 0) and making
intercepts 6units, 4 units on x-axis and y-axis respectively.

27.If the chord of contact of p with respect to the circle x + y = a

cut the circle at AB such that 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 90 then show that p lies
on x + y = 2a .

28.Find the equation tangents of the circle x + y = 10 at the points

whose abscissae are 1.

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

1. Show that the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎,

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟔𝐱 + 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟗𝟎 = 𝟎 Touch each other internally. Find the
point of contact and eq’’n of tangent at point of contact.
Sol: eq’’n s of the given circles

S ≡ x + y − 2x − 4y − 20 = 0 … . . (1)

S′ ≡ x + y + 6x + 2y − 90 = 0 … . . (2)

𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (1, 2), C (−3, −1)

𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟𝟐 − 𝐜

r = √1 + 2 + 20 = √25 = 5

r = √3 + 1 + 90 = √100 = 10

C C = (x − x ) + (y − y )

= (−3 − 1) + (−1 − 2)

= (−4) + (−3) = √25 =5

𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟐 = |𝐫𝟏 − 𝐫𝟐 |

𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲.

the point of contact p divides C C externally in the ratio

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

2. Show that the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟖𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟖 = 𝟎,

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟔 = 𝟎 Touch each other. Find the point of
contact.
Sol: eq’’n s of the given circles

S ≡ x + y − 8x − 2y + 8 = 0 … . . (1)

S′ ≡ x + y − 2y + 6y + 6 = 0 … . . (2)

𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 (−𝐠, −𝐟): C (4, 1), C (1, −3)

𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬(𝐫) = 𝐠𝟐 + 𝐟𝟐 − 𝐜

r = √4 + 1 − 8 = √17 − 8 = √9 = 3

r = √1 + 3 − 6 = √10 − 6 = √4 = 2

C C = (x − x ) + (y − y )

= (1 − 4) + (−3 − 1)

= (−3) + (−4) = √25 =5

𝐂𝟏 𝐂𝟐 = 𝐫𝟏 + 𝐫𝟐

𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲.

the point of contact p divides C C Internally in the ratio

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

3. Show that the circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐚𝐱 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 and 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐛𝐲 + 𝐜 =

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐟 + =
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐 𝐜
Sol: Given equation of the circles
x + y + 2ax + c = 0 ….. (1)
⇨C (−a, 0)and r = √a − c
x + y + 2by + c = 0…. (2)
⇨C (0, −b)and r = √b − c

C C = (0 + a) + (−b − 0) =√a + b

Given circles touch each other |r + r | = C C

⇨ √a − c + √b − c = √a + b
S. O. B
√a − c + √b − c =a +b
⇨ a − c + b − c + 2√a − c√b − c=a + b

⇨ 2√a − c√b − c=2c

⇨ √a − c√b − c=c S.O.B ⇨ (a − c)(b − c) = c

⇨ a b −a c−b c+c = c
⇨ a b −a c−b c= 0

⇨ a b = c(a + b )

⇨ = ⇨ = +

∴ + =

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

4. If the two circles 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠 𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟 𝐲 = 𝟎 Touch each other then show that
𝐟 𝐠 = 𝐟𝐠 .
Sol: Sol: Given eq’’n of the circles
S ≡ x + y + 2gx + 2fy = 0 … (1)
centre C (−g, −f)
S′ ≡ x + y + 2g x + 2f y = 0 … (2)
centre C (−g , −f′)
above circles passes through (0, 0)
If the circles touch each other, then
OC C are collinear ⇨ Area of OC C = 0
O(0, 0), C (−g, −f) and C (−g , −f′)

Area = |x y − x y |=0⇨ |(−g)(−f′) − (−g )(−f)|=0

⇨ gf − g f = 0 ∴ 𝐟 𝐠 = 𝐟𝐠 .
5. Prove that the radical axis of the circles 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 +
𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇 𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 is the
diameter of the latter circle if
𝟐𝒈 (𝒈 − 𝒈 ) + 𝟐𝒇 (𝒇 − 𝒇 ) = 𝒄 − 𝒄 .
𝑆𝑜𝑙: Given eq’’n of the circles

𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 … (1)

𝑆′ ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑔 𝑥 + 2𝑓 𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 … (2)
Radical eq’’n of the given circles is S-S’=0
⇨2𝑥(𝑔 − 𝑔 ) + 2𝑦(𝑓 − 𝑓 ) + (𝑐 − 𝑐 ) = 0… (3)
Eq’’n (3) becomes diameter of eq’’n (2),
if Centre (-g’, -f)’lies on (3)
⇨2(−𝑔 )(𝑔 − 𝑔 ) + 2(−𝑓 )(𝑓 − 𝑓 ) + (𝑐 − 𝑐 ) = 0

∴ 2𝑔 (𝑔 − 𝑔 ) + 2𝑓 (𝑓 − 𝑓 ) = 𝑐 − 𝑐 .

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

6. If 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 chord of the circle

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟖 = 𝟎, find the equation of the circle
having AB as diameter.
Sol:
Given eq’’n of the circle
S≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 8 = 0… (1)
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝐿 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 = 0 … . (2)

Eq’’n of the circle passing through the point of intersection of

S=0 and L=0 is 𝑆 + 𝜆𝐿 = 0
⇨(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 8) + 𝜆(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3) = 0 … (3)
⇨(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 (𝜆 − 2) + (𝜆 + 4)𝑦 − (3𝜆 + 8) = 0.
( ) ( )
𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 ,−
𝑖𝑓 𝐴𝐵 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 (1), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒
𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 = 0
( )
⇨ − =3
⇨−2 − 2𝜆 = 6
⇨−2𝜆 = 8 ⇨ 𝜆 = −4
The required eq’’n of the circle is from (3)
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 (−4 − 2) + (−4 + 4)𝑦 − (3(−4) + 8) = 0
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 6𝑥 + 4 = 0
7. If the straight line 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏 intersects the circle 𝒙𝟐 +
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒 at the points A and B, find the equation of the circle
having AB as diameter.
Sol: Given eq’’n of the circle S≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4… (1)
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝐿 ≡ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 = 0 … . (2)
Eq’’n of the circle passing through the point of intersection of
S=0 and L=0 is 𝑆 + 𝜆𝐿 = 0
⇨(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4) + 𝜆(2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1) = 0 … (3)
⇨(𝑥 + 𝑦 + (2𝜆)𝑥 + (3𝜆)𝑦 − (𝜆 + 4) = 0.

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 −𝜆, −
𝑖𝑓 𝐴𝐵 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 (1), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒
𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 = 0 ⇨2(−𝜆) + 3(3𝜆/2) = 1
⇨−4𝜆 − 9𝜆 = 2⇨−13𝜆 = 2 ⇨ 𝜆 = −
The required eq’’n of the circle is from (3)
(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4) − (2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1) = 0
13(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) − 52 − 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 2 = 0
∴ 𝟏𝟑(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎
8. Find the equation of the circle passing through the point of
intersection of the circles 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎 and
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟏, 𝟐).
Sol:
Given eq’’n of the circle
S≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 8𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 21 = 0… (1)
S′ ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑦 − 15 = 0 … . (2)
Eq’’n of the circle passing through the point of intersection of
S=0 and S’=0 is 𝑆 + 𝜆𝑆′ = 0
⇨(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏) + 𝝀(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓) =
𝟎 … (𝟑)
Above eq’’n passing through (1, 2)
⇨ (1 + 2 − 8(1) − 6(2) + 21) + 𝜆(1 + 2 − 2(1) − 15) = 0
⇨(1 + 4 − 8 − 12 + 21) + 𝜆(1 + 4 − 2 − 15) = 0
⇨(6) + 𝜆(−12) = 0
⇨ 6 = 12𝜆
⇨𝜆= Sub in (3)
𝟏
⇨(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏) + (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓) = 𝟎
𝟐
⇨(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟒𝟐) + (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓) = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐

⇨(𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝟕) = 𝟎 (÷ 𝒃𝒚 𝟑)

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 .

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

9. Find the equation of the circle whose diameter is the

common chord of the circles 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 and
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 .
Sol: 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 .(𝑆 + 𝜆𝑆′ = 0)
10. Find the eq’’n and length of the common chord of the two
circles 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎,
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.

Sol: Given circles

𝑺 ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎,
𝑺′ ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.

𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑆 − 𝑆’ = 0

⇨−2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0 ⇨ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 … . . (1)
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 – , − 𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠(𝑟) = + −4=

= 𝑜𝑓 𝑆 = 0

d 𝑖𝑠 ⊥ 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 − , − 𝑡𝑜 (1)

| |
√

√ √ √

Length of chord is =2√𝑟 − 𝑑

=2 − =2 = 2. √4 = 2.2 = 4

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

11. If the angle between the circles

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒌𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟓𝟗 =
𝟎, 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒌.
Sol: Given circles 𝑆 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 12𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 41 = 0 … (1)
𝑆 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑘𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 59 = 0 … … … (2)
𝜃 = 45° ⇨ 𝑐𝑜𝑠45=
√
𝑔 = −6; 𝑓 = −3; 𝑐 = 41 𝑔 = ; 𝑓 = 3; 𝑐 = −59

𝑟 = 𝑔 + 𝑓 − 𝑐 = √6 + 3 − 41 = 2
√

( ) ( )( )

. .

| | | |
√ .√ √ .√

| |
√ √

⇨ 𝑘 = 16 ∴ 𝑘 = ±4

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

12. Find the radical centre of the circles

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟕 = 𝟎,
2𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 − 𝟗 = 𝟎
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚 = 𝟎.
Sol:
Given circles
𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑥 − 7 = 0 … . . . (1)
S′ ≡ 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 9 = 0 … … (2)
𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 0 … . . . (3)
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 (1)& (2)
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 8𝑥 − 14 = 0
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 9 = 0
5𝑥 − 5𝑦 − 5 = 0….. (4)
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 (2)& (3)
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 9 = 0
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 0 + 2𝑦 = 0
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 9 = 0…. (5)

Solving (4) & (5) 5 -5 -5 5

3 3 -9 3

𝟒𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟒𝟓 𝟔𝟎 𝟑𝟎
(x , y) = , = , = (𝟐, 𝟏)
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

13. Find the equation of the circle which cuts the circles
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
2𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒈𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚.
Sol:
Given circles
𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 1 = 0 … . . . (1)
S′ ≡ 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3 = 0 … … (2)
𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 3 = 0 … . . . (3)

𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 (1)& (2)

2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 2 = 0
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3 = 0
−2𝑥 + 0 + 5 = 0….. (4)

𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 (2)& (3)

2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3 = 0
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 6 = 0
10𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 3 = 0…. (5)

Solving ( 4) & (5) -2 0 5 -2

10 -4 3 10

(x , y) = ,
= , = ( , 7)
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 𝑆 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ( , 7) to S=0

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝑟 = 𝑆 = +7 +2 + 4(7) + 2

𝑟 = + 83 =
𝑒𝑞 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒
(𝑎, 𝑏) = , 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑟 𝑖𝑠

𝑥− + [ 𝑦 − 7] =
⇨𝑥 − 5𝑥 + + 𝑦 + 49 − 14𝑦 =
⇨4𝑥 − 20𝑥 + 25 + 4𝑦 + 196 − 56𝑦 − 357 = 0
⇨4(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5𝑥 − 14𝑦 − 34) = 0
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5𝑥 − 14𝑦 − 34 = 0
14. Find the eq’’n of the circle which cuts orthogonally the
circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟕 = 𝟎, at Centre at (2, 3).

Sol: Given circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟕 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟏)

Let the required equation of the circle with Centre at

(2, 3)= (-g, -f) is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 … … . . (𝟐)

Equation (1) and (2) are orthogonal

𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇; = 𝒄 + 𝒄′
⇨2(−𝟐)(−𝟐) + 𝟐(𝟏)(−𝟑) = (−𝟕) + (𝒄)

⇨8−𝟔 = (−𝟕) + (𝒄)⇨𝒄 = 𝟗

∴ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟎

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

15. Find the eq’’n of the circle which passes through the point
(0, -3) and intersects the circles
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎,
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 = 𝟎 Orthogonally.
𝑺𝒐𝒍: let the required circle
𝑺 ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 … . . (∗)
𝑺′ ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎,
𝑺′′ ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 = 𝟎
(0, −3)𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (∗) ⇨ 0 + 9 − 6𝑓 + 𝑐 = 0
⇨ 𝟎 − 𝟔𝒇 + 𝒄 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟏)
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 Are orthogonal
𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ Condition for orthogonal
⇨ 2𝑔(−3) + 2𝑓 =𝑐+5
⇨ −𝟔𝒈 + 𝟑𝒇 − 𝒄 − 𝟓 = 𝟎 … … (𝟐)
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 Are orthogonal
𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ Condition for orthogonal
⇨ 2𝑔 − + 2𝑓 − =𝑐+0
⇨ −𝒈 − 𝟕𝒇 − 𝒄 = 𝟎 … … (𝟑)

𝐸𝑞’’𝑛 (1) + (2)

0 − 6𝑓 + 𝑐 + 9 = 0
−6𝑔 + 3𝑓 − 𝑐 − 5 = 0
−𝟔𝒈 − 𝟑𝒇 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … … … … (𝟒)

𝐸𝑞’’𝑛 (1) + (3)

0 − 6𝑓 + 𝑐 + 9 = 0
−𝑔 − 7𝑓 − 𝑐 + 0 = 0
−𝒈 − 𝟏𝟑𝒇 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 … … … … (𝟓)

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Solving (4) & (5) 6 3 -4 6

1 13 -9 1

(𝑥, 𝑦) = , = ,
, Sub in (1) ⇨−6 +9+𝑐 = 0

⇨𝑐 = −9 + 4 = −5

∴ 𝑥 +𝑦 +2 𝑥+2 𝑦−5=0
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 15 = 0

16. Find the eq’’n of the circle which cuts the circles
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎,
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎 Orthogonally, and has the
diameter along the st line 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟕.
𝑺𝒐𝒍: Let the required circle
𝑺 ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 … . . (∗)
𝑺 ≡ 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎,
𝑺′′ ≡ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎

𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑳 ≡ 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟕 = 𝟎
(−𝑔, −𝑓 )𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (𝐿) ⇨ −2𝑔 − 3𝑓 − 7 = 0
⇨ 𝟐𝒈 + 𝟑𝒇 + 𝟕 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟏)
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 are orthogonal
𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ condition for orthogonal
⇨ 2𝑔(−2) + 2𝑓(−3) = 𝑐 + 11
⇨ −𝟒𝒈 − 𝟔𝒇 − 𝒄 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 … … (𝟐)
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 Are orthogonal
𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ Condition for orthogonal
⇨ 2𝑔(−5) + 2𝑓(−2) = 𝑐 + 21

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

⇨ −𝟏𝟎𝒈 − 𝟒𝒇 − 𝒄 − 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎 … … (𝟑)

𝐸𝑞’’𝑛 (2) − (3)

−4𝑔 − 6𝑓 − 𝑐 − 11 = 0
−10𝑔 − 4𝑓 − 𝑐 − 21 = 0
𝟔𝒈 − 𝟐𝒇 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 … … … … (𝟒)

Solving ( 1) & (4) 2 3 7 2

6 -2 10 6

(𝑥, 𝑦) = , = ,
(−2, −1) Sub in (2) ⇨−4(−2) − 6(−1) = 𝑐 + 11

⇨𝑐 = 14 − 11 = 3

∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2(−2)𝑥 + 2(−1)𝑦 + 3 = 0

𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3 = 0

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

17. Find the eq’’n of the circle which passes through the point
(2, 0)(0, 2) and intersects the circles
𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎,
Orthogonally.
𝑺𝒐𝒍: Let the required circle
𝑆 ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 … . . (∗)
𝑆′ ≡ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2 = 0,
(2, 0)𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (∗) ⇨4 + 0 + 4𝑔 + 0 + 𝑐 = 0
⇨𝟒𝒈 + 𝟎 + 𝒄 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … . (𝟏)
(0, 2)𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (∗) ⇨ 0 + 4 + 0 + 4𝑓 + 𝑐 = 0
⇨ 𝟎 + 𝟒𝒇 + 𝒄 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟐)
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆 = 0 Are orthogonal
𝟐𝒈𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇𝒇 = 𝒄 + 𝒄′ Condition for orthogonal
⇨ 2𝑔 + 2𝑓 − =𝑐+2
𝟓
⇨ 𝒈 − 𝟑𝒇 − 𝒄 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 … … (𝟑)
𝟐

𝐸𝑞’’𝑛 (1) + (3)

4𝑔 + 0 + 𝑐 + 4 = 0
𝑔 − 3𝑓 − 𝑐 − 2 = 0

𝟏𝟑
𝒈 − 𝟑𝒇 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 ⇨ 𝟏𝟑𝒈 − 𝟔𝒇 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟒)
𝟐

𝐸𝑞’’𝑛 (2) + (3)

0 + 4𝑓 + 𝑐 + 4 = 0
𝑔 − 3𝑓 − 𝑐 − 2 = 0

𝟓
𝒈 + 𝒇 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 ⇨ 𝟓𝒈 + 𝟐𝒇 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 … … (𝟒)
𝟐
𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝟕𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎,

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Q.No: 12 900 687600 SYSTEM OF CIRCLE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL
1. Find the eccentricity, foci, equations of direcrtices,
length of latus rectum of the ellipse 𝟗𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝐲 𝟐 =
𝟏𝟒𝟒.

Sol: Given eq’’n of the hyperbola

9x + 16y = 144 … … (1)
(÷ by 144)

⇨ + =1 + =1
Compare with standard form
a = 16 || b = 9
⇨a = 4|| b = 3
(a>b)
(i).centre (0, 0)

√
(ii). e = =
√
(iii). foci (±ae, 0) = ±4 ,0
= (±√7, 0)
.
(iv). L. L. R = = =

(v)L. of Ma Axis = 2a = 2(4) = 8

(vi)L . of Mi Axis = 2b = 2(3) = 6

(vii)Eq nof directrices x = ±

⇨ x = ± √ ⇨ √7x ± 16 = 0.

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL
2. Find the eccentricity, foci, equations of direcrtices,
length of latus rectum of the ellipse
(𝐢)𝟗𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔𝐱 + 𝟑𝟐𝐲 − 𝟗𝟐 = 𝟎
Sol: Given eq’’n of the hyperbola
9x + 16y − 36x + 32y − 92 = 0 … … (1)
⇨9x − 36x + 16y + 32y − 92 = 0

⇨9[x − 4x] + 16[y + 2y] − 92 = 0

⇨9[x − 4x + 4 − 4] + 16[y + 2y + 1 − 1] = 92
⇨9[(x − 2) ] − 36 + 16[(y + 1) ] − 16 = 92
⇨9[(x − 2) ] + 16[(y + 1) ] = 144 (÷ by 144)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
⇨ + =1 + =1
Compare with standard form
a = 16 || b = 9
⇨a = 4|| b = 3 (a>b)
(i)centre (h, k) = (2, −1)

√
(ii)e = =
√
(iii)foci (h ± ae, k) = 2 ± 4 , −1 = (2 ± √7, − 1)
.
(iv)L. L. R = = =

(v)Eq n of directrices x = h ± ⇨ x = −2 ± √

⇨ √7x + 2√7 ± 16 = 0.
(ii) 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟓 = 𝟎
(iii) 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲𝟐𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 + 𝟏𝟐𝐲 + 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟎
(iv) 𝟒𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟖𝐱 + 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL

3. Find the eq’’n of the ellipse with focus (1, -1),

𝟐
𝐞= 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐱 𝐚𝐬 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐 = 𝟎.
𝟑
Sol:
Given S (1, -1), e= & l ≡ x + y + 2 = 0
Let P (x, y) be any point on the locus
𝑎𝑥1 +𝑏𝑦1 +𝑐
W.K. T =e 𝑃𝑀 =
𝑎2 +𝑏2

⇨SP = ePM

| |
(x − 1) + (y + 1) = S. O. B
√

⇨9[(x − 1) + (y + 1) ] = (x + y + 2)

⇨9[x + 1 − 2x + y + 1 + 2y]
= 2[x + y + 4 + 2xy + 4y + 4x]

⇨9x + 9 − 18x + 9y + 9 + 18y

= 2x + 2y + 8 + 4xy + 8y + 8x

∴ 7x − 4xy + 7y − 26x + 10y + 10 = 0

4. Find the eq’’n of ellipse in standard form whose
distance b/w foci is 8 and distance b/w the direcrtices
is 32.
Sol: Given distance b/w
S (ae, 0) and S’ (-ae, 0) ⇨2ae = 8 ⇨ ae = 4 … … . (1)
And distance b/w the direcrtices is = 32
⇨ = 16 … … … (2)

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL
multiplying ( 1)& (2) ⇨ (ae) = 4.16 = 64
a = 64 ⇨ a = 8

𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝐞𝟐 )
⇨ a − (ae)
= 64 − 16 = 48
∴ a = 64, b = 48
The required eq’’n of the ellipse is + =1
5. Find the eq’’n of ellipse referred t its major and minor
axis as coordinate axes x, y respectively with length of
latus rectum is 4 and distance between foci 4√𝟐.

Sol: Given distance b/w

S (ae, 0) and S’ (-ae, 0) ⇨2ae = 4√2 ⇨ ae = 2√2 … … . (1)
And L. L. R = =4 ⇨ b = 2a … … . (2)

𝑊𝐾𝑇 𝑏 = 𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑒

⇨2𝑎 = a − 𝑎 e
⇨a − (ae) = 2𝑎
⇨a − 2a − 8 = 0
⇨a − 4a − 2a − 8 = 0
⇨a(a − 4) + 2(a − 4) = 0
⇨(a − 4)(a + 2) = 0
(a − 4) = 0, (a + 2) = 0
a = 4 or a = −2 ×
From (2) ⇨ b = 2(4) = 8
∴ a = 16, b = 8

The required eq’’n of the ellipse is + =1

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL
6. Find the eq’’n of ellipse in standard form whose
distance b/w foci is 2 and the length of latus rectum is
15/2.

Sol: Given distance b/w

S (ae, 0) and S’ (-ae, 0) ⇨2ae = 2 ⇨ ae = 1 … … . (1)
And L. L. R = = ⇨b = … … . (2)

𝑊𝐾𝑇 𝑏 = 𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑒

⇨ =a −𝑎 e
⇨a − (ae) =
⇨a − 1 =
⇨4a − 4 = 15a
⇨4a − 15a − 4 = 0
⇨4a − 16a + a − 4 = 0
⇨4a(a − 4) + 1(a − 4) = 0
⇨(a − 4)(4a + 1) = 0
(a − 4) = 0, (4a + 1) = 0
a = 4 or a = − ×
( )
From (2) ⇨ b = = 15

∴ a = 16, b = 15

The required eq’’n of the ellipse is + =1

(H/w)(i)Find the eccentricity of the ellipse, if its length of

the latus rectum is equal to half of its major axis.
(ii)Find the eccentricity of the ellipse, if its length of the
latus rectum is equal to half of its minor axis.

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL
(iii)If the length of the major axis of an ellipse is three
times the length of its minor axis then find the
eccentricity of the ellipse.
(H/w)Find the equation of the ellipse in the standard
form, if it passes through the points (-2, 2), (3, -1)

7. 𝐈𝐟 𝐩(𝐱, 𝐲)𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐬𝐞

𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
𝐚 𝟐 + 𝐛𝟐
= 𝟏 Where S & S’ are foci, then P.T
𝐒𝐏 + 𝐒 𝐏 = 𝟐𝐚.
Sol: The eq’’n of the ellipse is given by + = 1…… (1)
Let S, S’ be the foci & ZM, ZM’ be the direcrtices.
Join SP and SP’. Draw PL perpendicular to
X-axis and MP perpendicular to the two direcrtices.
By the definition of ellipse

’
=e =e

𝑆𝑃 = 𝑒𝑃𝑀 𝑆’𝑃 = 𝑒𝑃𝑀’

L.H.S SP + S P = ePM + ePM′

SP + S P = e(𝑃𝑀 + 𝑃𝑀′ )
= e(𝑀𝑀′ ) ZZ’=
= e(𝑍𝑍′ )
=e
SP + S P = 2a
∴ SP + S P = 2a( constant)

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL

8. The distance of a point on the ellipse 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟑𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟔

from its centre is equal to 2. Find the eccentric angles.
Sol: given eq’’n of the ellipse x + 3y = 6…. (1)
⇨ + =1 + =1
Compare with standard form
a = 6 || b = 2
⇨a = √6|| b = √2

Any point on the ellipse P (√6cosθ, √2sinθ)

And Centre C(0, 0)
CP=2

√6cosθ − 0 + √2cosθ − 0 =2
⇨6cos θ + 2sin θ = 4
⇨6cos θ + 2(1 − cos θ) = 4
⇨6cos θ + 2−2cos θ = 4
⇨4cos θ=2
⇨4cos θ =
∴ cosθ =
√
∴θ= , , ,

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL
1. Find the eq’n of tangent and normal to the ellipse
𝟗𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 at the end of the latus rectum in the
first quadrant.
Sol: Given eq’’n of ellipse
9x + 16y = 144 …… (1)

⇨ + =1⇨ + =1

∴ a = 16, b = 9
√
e= =

End of the latus rectum in the first quadrant p ae,

√
= 4 , = (√7, )

𝐱𝐱 𝟏 𝐲𝐲𝟏
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐
√
⇨ + =1
⇨ √7 x + 4y = 16

𝐚𝟐 𝐱 𝐛𝟐 𝐲 𝟐 𝟐
𝐱𝟏 𝐲𝟏

⇨ − = 16 − 9
√

⇨16x − 4√7 y = 7√7 .

(h/w) Find the radius of the circle passing through the

foci of an ellipse 𝟗𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝐚𝐧𝐝 having least
radius.

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL

1. find the eq’’n of tangents to the ellipse 𝟐𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟖 which

are (i) parallel 𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟒 = 𝟎(ii) Perpendicular to the line
𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐 = 𝟎.

Sol: Given eq’’n of ellipse

2x + y = 8… (1)

⇨ + =1⇨ + =1 ∴ a = 4, b = 8

(i)Given line x − 2y − 4 = 0 … (2)

⇨2y = x − 4

⇨y= − {y = mx + c} m=

𝐞𝐪’’𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐭𝐨 (𝟐)𝐢𝐬

𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

⇨y= x± 4 +8

⇨ y = ± √9 or x − 2y ± 6 = 0

(ii) Given line 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐 = 𝟎

⇨y = −x − 2 {y = mx + c} m = −1

perpendicular slope − =− =1

eq’’n of tangent perpendicular to (3)

is y = mx ± √a m + b

⇨ y = 1x ± 4(1) + 8

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL
⇨ y = x ± √12 or x − y ± 2√3 = 0.

2. Find the eq’’n of tangents to the ellipse 𝟗𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒

which makes equal intercepts on the coordinate axes.
Sol: Given eq’’n of ellipse
9x + 16y = 144 …… (1)

⇨ + =1⇨ + =1

∴ a = 16, b = 9
Since eq’’n of tangents makes equal intercepts on the co-
ordinate axes, so m=±1{𝑚 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 = 45° 𝑜𝑟 135°}
Eq’’n of tangent to the ellipse are

𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

⇨ y = ±1x ± 16(−1) + 9
⇨ y = ±x ± 5
⇨x ± y ± 5 = 0

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL

3. Show that the condition for the line

𝐲 = 𝐦𝐱 + 𝐜 to be a tangent to the ellipse
𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
+ = 𝟏 𝐢𝐬 𝐜 𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 𝐦𝟐 + 𝐛𝟐 .
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐
𝐒𝐨𝐥: Given eq’’n of the ellipse
+ = 1 … . . (1)
Eq’’n of tangent to (1) at P(θ)
cosθ + sinθ − 1 = 0 … . . (2)

Given eq’’n of tangent 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐

mx − y + c = 0 … … (3)

Eq’’n (2) & (3) represents same line

Comparing coefficients

⇨ = = ⇨ = =
. .( )

⇨ cosθ = − & sinθ =

we know that cos θ + sin θ = 1 ⇨ − + =1

⇨ + =1∴a m +b =c .

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL

4. Show that the condition for the line

𝐥𝐱 + 𝐦𝐲 + 𝐧 = 𝟎 to be a tangent to the ellipse
𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
+ = 𝟏 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝟐 𝐥𝟐 + 𝐛𝟐 𝐦𝟐 = 𝐧𝟐 .
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐
𝐒𝐨𝐥: Given eq’’n of the ellipse
+ = 1 … . . (1)

Eq’’n of tangent to (1) at P(θ)

cosθ + sinθ − 1 = 0 … . . (2)

Given eq’’n of tangent

lx + my + n = 0 … … (3)

Eq’’n (2) & (3) represents same line

Comparing coefficients

⇨ = = ⇨ = =
. .

⇨ cosθ = − & sinθ = −

we know that cos θ + sin θ = 1 ⇨ − + − =1

⇨ + =1∴a l +b m =n .

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL

5. Find the condition for the line

𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
𝐱𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛂 + 𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂 = 𝐩 to be a tangent to the ellipse 𝟐 − =
𝐚 𝐛𝟐
𝟏.
𝐒𝐨𝐥: Given eq’’n of the ellipse
+ = 1 … . . (1)

Eq’’n of tangent to (1) at P(θ)

cosθ + sinθ − 1 = 0 … . . (2)

Given eq’’n of tangent

xcosα + ysinα = p … … (3)

Eq’’n (2) & (3) represents same line

Comparing coefficients

⇨ = = ⇨ = =
. .

⇨ cosθ = & sinθ =

we know that cos θ + sin θ = 1

⇨ + =1

∴ a cos α + b sin α = p

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL

6. Find the value of k if 𝟒𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝐤 = 𝟎 is a tangent to the

ellipse 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟑𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟑.
Sol: Sol: Given eq’’n of ellipse
x + 3y = 3… (1)

⇨ + =1⇨ + =1

∴ a = 3, b = 1
Given line 4x + y + k = 0 … (2)
⇨y = −4x + k {y = mx + c}
m = −4 , c = −k
condition for tangency c = a m + b
⇨ k = (3)(16) + 1
⇨ k = 49
∴ k = ±7.

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL

7. If the normal at one end of a latus rectum of the ellipse

𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
𝐚 𝟐 + 𝐛𝟐
= 𝟏 passes through one end of the minor axis, then
S.T 𝐞 + 𝐞𝟐 = 𝟏.
𝟒

Sol: eq’’n of the normal to the ellipse

+ = 1 is − =a −b

Let L(ae, ) one end of the latus rectum

The eq’’n of the normal at L is
− =a −b

− =a −b
Since it passes through one end of minor axis (0, -b)
( ) ( )
− =a −b
𝑎 −𝑏
ab = a − b 𝑒 =
𝑎
⇨ ab = a e
⇨ b = ae S. O. B 𝑎 𝑒 =𝑎 − 𝑏
⇨b = a e 𝑏 = 𝑎 (1 − 𝑒 )
a (1 − e )= a e

(1 − e )= e ∴ 𝐞𝟒 + 𝐞𝟐 = 𝟏.

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL
8. Show that the point of intersection of the perpendicular
𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
tangents to an ellipse 𝟐 + = 𝟏 lies on a circle.
𝐚 𝐛𝟐
Sol: let y = mx ± √a m + b
be the tangent to the ellipse + =1
Let P (x , y ) be point of intersection of tngts
P lies on tngts
∴ y = mx ± √a m + b

⇨ y − mx = ±√a m + b
S . O. B
⇨(y − mx ) = (√a m + b )

y + m x − 2mx y − a m − b = 0
⇨ m (x − a ) − 2mx y + (y − b ) = 0

∴is a Q.E in ‘’m’’ {ax + bx + c = 0}

Let m , m be the roots

⇨m . m = {m . m = −1 ⊥ lar tngt}

⇨ = −1 ⇨ y − b = −x +a

x +y = a + b is an eq n of a circle

∴ p lie s on a circle.

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL
9. Show that the locus of the feet of the perpendicular drawn
from foci to any tangent of the ellipse is auxiliary circle.
Sol: let y = mx ± √a m + b
be the tangent to the ellipse + =1
Let P (x , y ) be point of intersection of tngts
P lies on tangents
∴ y = mx ± √a m + b
(y − mx ) = ±√a m + b …… (1)
The equation of any line perpendicular to the above
tangent has slope -1/m.
If it passes through foci (±𝑎𝑒, 0) then its equation is
(𝑦 − 𝑦 ) = − (𝑥 − 𝑥 )
⇨(𝑦 − 0) = − (𝑥 ± 𝑎𝑒) ⇨ 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑥 = ±𝑎𝑒
⇨ 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑥 = ±𝑎𝑒 … … . (2)
Squaring and adding above two equations
⇨(y − mx ) + (𝑚𝑦 + 𝑥 ) = a m + b + (𝑎𝑒)
⇨𝑦 + 𝑚 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑚 𝑦 + 𝑥 + 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦
= a m + b + (𝑎𝑒)
⇨𝑥 (𝑚 + 1) + 𝑦 (𝑚 + 1) = a m + b + 𝑎 𝑒

⇨(𝑥 + +𝑦 )(𝑚 + 1) = a m + a (1 − 𝑒 ) + 𝑎 𝑒

⇨(𝑥 + +𝑦 )(𝑚 + 1) = a (m + 1) − a 𝑒 + 𝑎 𝑒

⇨(𝑥 + +𝑦 )(𝑚 + 1) = a (m + 1)
⇨𝑥 + +𝑦 = a

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL
10. Find the equation of tangent and normal to the ellipse
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟖𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑 𝐚𝐭 (𝟐, −𝟏)

11. Find the equation of tangent and normal to the ellipse

𝟐𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟑𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏 𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝟏.
12. The tangent and normal to the ellipse 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟒 at a
point (𝜽) on it meets the major axis in Q and R
𝝅
respectively. If 𝟎 < 𝜽 < 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑸𝑹 = 𝟐 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕
𝟐

𝟏 𝟐
𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 .
𝟑

13. Find the condition for the line

𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
(𝒊)𝒍𝒙 + 𝒎𝒚 + 𝒏 = 𝟎 to be tangent to the ellipse 𝟐 + =𝟏
𝐚 𝐛𝟐

𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
(ii) )𝒍𝒙 + 𝒎𝒚 + 𝒏 = 𝟎 to be normal to the ellipse 𝟐 + =𝟏
𝐚 𝐛𝟐

𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
14. If PN is the ordinate of a point p on the ellipse 𝐚𝟐 + 𝐛𝟐 = 𝟏
and the tangent at p meets X-axis at T then show that
(𝑪𝑵)(𝑪𝑻) = 𝒂𝟐 where c is the Centre of the ellipse.

𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
15. If a tangent to the ellipse 𝐚𝟐 + 𝐛𝟐 = 𝟏 meets its major axis
and minor axis at M and N respectively then prove that
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
(𝑪𝑴) 𝟐 + (𝑪𝑵)𝟐
= 𝟏.
16. A circle of radius 4, is concentric with the ellipse
𝟑𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟑𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟕𝟖. Then prove that a common tangent is
𝝅
inclined to the major axis at an angle .
𝟐

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS MATHEMAITCS -2B
TUTORIAL

Q.No: 13 & 14 ELLIPSE

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

1. One focus of a hyperbola is (1, -3) and the

corresponding directrix is 𝒚 = 𝟐.find the eq’’n of the
hyperbola if its eccentricity is 3/2.
Sol: Given S (1, -3),
e= &
𝑙 ≡ 𝑦 − 2 = 0 [𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0]

Let P (𝑥, 𝑦) be any point on hyperbola

W.K .T =𝑒

⇨𝑆𝑃 = 𝑒𝑃𝑀

| |
(𝑥 − 1) + (𝑦 + 3) =
√
𝑆. 𝑂. 𝐵
⇨4[(𝑥 − 1) + (𝑦 + 3) ] = 9(𝑦 − 2)

⇨4[𝑥 + 1 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 9 + 6𝑦] = 9[𝑦 + 4 − 4𝑦]

⇨4𝑥 + 4 − 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 36 + 24𝑦 = 9𝑦 + 36 − 36𝑦

∴4𝑥 − 5𝑦 − 8𝑥 + 60𝑦 + 4 = 0

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

2. Find the eccentricity, foci, equations of direcrtices,

length of latus rectum of the hyperbola 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒.

Sol: Given eq’’n of the hyperbola

𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 4 … … (1) (÷ 𝑏𝑦 4)

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
⇨ − =1 𝟐 − =𝟏
𝒂 𝒃𝟐
Compare with standard form
𝑎 = 4 || 𝑏 = 1
⇨𝑎 = 2|| 𝑏 = 1

(1). 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 (0, 0)

√
(2). 𝑒 = =
√
(3). 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖 (±𝑎𝑒, 0) = ±2 ,0
= (± 5, 0)
.
(4). 𝐿. 𝐿. 𝑅 = = =1
(7). 𝐸𝑞 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = ±
⇨ 𝑥 = ± √ ⇨ √5𝑥 ± 4 = 0.

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

3. 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝒇𝒐𝒄𝒊 & 𝑒𝒒 𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇

𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒑𝒔𝒆 𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒

𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞’’𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎

16𝑦 − 9𝑥 = 144 … … (1) (÷ 𝑏𝑦 4)

⇨ − = −1 − = −1
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
𝑎 = 16 || 𝑏 = 9
⇨ 𝑎 = 4|| 𝑏 = 3

(1). 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 (0, 0)

√
(2). 𝑒 = = =

(3). 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖 (0, ±𝑏𝑒) = 0, ±3. = (0, ± 5)

.
(4). 𝐿. 𝐿. 𝑅 = = =

(5). 𝐿. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠 = 2𝑎 = 8

(6). 𝐿 . 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠 = 2𝑏 = 6

(7). 𝐸𝑞 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑦 = ±

⇨𝑥=± ⇨ 5𝑥 ± 9 = 0.

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

4. Find the eccentricity, foci, equations of direcrtices,

length of latus rectum of the ellipse
𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 = 𝟒
Sol: Given eq’’n of the hyperbola
5𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 20𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 4 … … (1)
⇨5𝑥 + 20𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 8𝑦 = 4
⇨5[𝑥 + 4𝑥] − 4[𝑦 − 2𝑦] = 4
⇨5[𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4 − 4] − 4[𝑦 − 2𝑦 + 1 − 1] = 98
⇨5[(𝑥 + 2) ] − 20 − 4[(𝑦 − 1) ] + 4 = 4
⇨5[(𝑥 + 2) ] − 4[(𝑦 − 1) ] = 20
(÷ 𝑏𝑦 20)

( ) ( )
⇨ − =1
( ) ( )
− =1
Compare with standard form
𝑎 = 4 || 𝑏 = 5
⇨𝑎 = 2|| 𝑏 = √5
(1). 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 (ℎ, 𝑘 ) = (−2, 1)

√
(2). 𝑒 = = =

(3). 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖 (ℎ ± 𝑎𝑒, 𝑘) = −2 ± 2. , 1

= (−2 ± 3,1) = (1, 1)𝑎𝑛𝑑(−5, 1)

.
(4). 𝐿. 𝐿. 𝑅 = = =5
(5). 𝐸𝑞 𝑛𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 − ℎ = ±

⇨𝑥+2=± ⇨𝑥+2=±

⇨ 3𝑥 + 2 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 + 10 = 0

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

5. Show the angle b/w the two asymptotes of a hyperbola

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝟏 𝒃 𝟏
𝒂 𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
= 𝟏 𝒊𝒔 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝒂
𝒐𝒓 𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜 (𝒆).

Sol: eq’’ns of asymptotes of − = 1 are

− = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 + = 0
𝑙𝑒𝑡 2𝜃 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠.

Slope of the asymptote − = 0 is

/ 𝒃
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 (𝑚) = ⇨ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 =
/ 𝒂

⇨𝜃 = tan
⇨2𝜃 = 2 tan

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 1 +

𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 𝑒
sec 𝜃 = 𝑒 ⇨ 𝜃 = sec 𝑒
∴2 𝜃 = sec 𝑒
𝟏 𝒃 𝟏
𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒐𝒓 𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜 (𝒆)
𝒂
6. If 𝒆, 𝒆𝟏 are the eccentricities of a hyperbola and its
𝟏 𝟏
conjugate hyperbola, prove that + = 𝟏.
𝒆𝟐 𝒆𝟏 𝟐
Sol:
Eq’’n of the hyperbola − = 1… (1)

⇨its eccentricity e=
Eq’’n of conjugate hyperbola to (1) is
− = −1… (2)

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

⇨its eccentricity 𝑒 =

𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = +

= +

= +

= = 1 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆
7. If the eccentricity of a hyperbola is 5/4, then find the
eccentricity of its conjugate hyperbola.
Sol:
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒 = , 𝑒 =?
𝑊. 𝐾. 𝑇
+ = 1.

⇨ + =1

⇨ + =1

⇨ = 1−

⇨ =

⇨ =

⇨𝑒 =
𝑒 =

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

8. 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒒’𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒂 𝒘𝒉𝒐𝒔𝒆

𝒇𝒐𝒄𝒊 𝒂𝒓𝒆 (𝟒, 𝟐), (𝟖, 𝟐) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝟐.

𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑆 (4, 2), 𝑆’ (8, 2)

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒 = 2.
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝐶 = 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑆’
4+8 2+2
(ℎ, 𝑘) = , = (6, 2)
2 2
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖 = 8
⇨ 2𝑎𝑒 = 𝑆𝑆’ = (8 − 4) + (2 − 2) = 4
⇨ 2𝑎𝑒 = 4
⇨ 𝑎𝑒 = 2
2
⇨ 𝑎 = 2/𝑒 ⇨ 𝑎 = = 1
2
𝑊. 𝐾. 𝑇 𝑏 = 𝑎 (𝑒 − 1)
⇨ 𝑏 = 1(4 − 1) = 3
(𝑥 − ℎ) (𝑦 − 𝑘)
𝐸𝑞. 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 − =1
𝑎 𝑏
(𝑥 − 6) (𝑦 − 2)
⇨ − =1
1 3

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

9. 𝐈𝐟 𝐩(𝐱, 𝐲)𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐨𝐥𝐚

𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
𝐚 𝟐 − 𝐛𝟐
= 𝟏 Where S & S’ are foci, then P.T
|𝐒𝐏 − 𝐒 𝐏| = 𝟐𝐚.
Sol: The eq’’n of the hyperbola is given by − = 1…… (1)
Let S, S’ be the foci & ZM, ZM’ be the direcrtices.
Join SP and SP’. Draw PL perpendicular to
X-axis and MP perpendicular to the two direcrtices.
By the definition of hyperbola

’
=e =e

𝑆𝑃 = 𝑒𝑃𝑀 𝑆’𝑃 = 𝑒𝑃𝑀’

L.H.S |𝐒𝐏 − 𝐒 𝐏| = |𝐞𝐏𝐌 − 𝐞𝐏𝐌′|

|𝐒𝐏 − 𝐒 𝐏| = e|𝐏𝐌 − 𝐏𝐌′|

= e(𝑀𝑀′ )
= e(𝑍𝑍′ )
=e
|𝐒𝐏 − 𝐒 𝐏| = 2a ZZ’=

∴ SP + S P = 2a( constant)

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

10. find the eq’’n of tangents to the hyperbola 𝟑𝒙𝟐 −

𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 which are (i) parallel
(ii) Perpendicular to the line 𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝟕.

Sol: Given hyperbola

3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 12… (1)

⇨ − =1

⇨ − =1 ∴ 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 3

(i) eq’’n of tangent parallel to 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 7

{𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐} 𝑚=1
𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏

⇨ 𝑦 = 1𝑥 ± 4(1) − 3

⇨ 𝑦 = 𝑥 ± 1 or 𝑥 − 𝑦 ± 1 = 0

(ii) eq’’n of tangent perpendicular to 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 7

{𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐} 𝑚=1

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 − = − = −1

𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏

⇨ 𝑦 = −1𝑥 ± 4(1) − 3

⇨ 𝑦 = −𝑥 ± 1 or 𝑥 + 𝑦 ± 1 = 0.

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

11. find the eq’’n of tangents to the hyperbola 𝒙𝟐 −

𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒 which are (i) parallel
(ii) Perpendicular to the line 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎.
Sol: Given hyperbola
𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 4… (1)

⇨ − =1

⇨ − =1 ∴ 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 1

(i) eq’’n of tangent parallel to 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0

{𝑚 = − } 𝑚=−
𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏

⇨𝑦= 𝑥 ± 4(− ) − 1

⇨ 2𝑦 = −𝑥 ± 0 or 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0

(ii) eq’’n of tangent perpendicular to 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0 {𝑚 =

− 𝑛} 𝑚 = −

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 − =− =2

𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 2𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏

⇨ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 ± 4(4) − 1

⇨ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 ± √15 or 2𝑥 − 𝑦 ± √15 = 0

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

12. Show that the condition for the line 𝒍𝒙 + 𝒎𝒚 + 𝒏 =

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
𝟎 to be a tangent to the hyperbola 𝟐 − = 𝟏 𝒊𝒔
𝒂 𝒃𝟐
𝒂𝟐 𝒍𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 𝒎𝟐 = 𝒏𝟐 .
𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n of the hyperbola
− = 1 … . . (1)

Eq’’n of tangent to (1) at P(𝜃) is

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 1 = 0 … . . (2)

Given eq’’n of tangent

𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑛 = 0 … … (3)

Eq’’n (2) & (3) represents same line

Comparing coefficients

⇨ = =

⇨ = =
. .
⇨ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = − & 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = −
sec 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 1

⇨− − − =1

⇨ − =1

∴𝑎 𝑙 −𝑏 𝑚 =𝑛 .

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

13. Show that eq’’n of normal at P (𝜽) to the hyperbola

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒂𝒙 𝒃𝒚
𝟐 − = 𝟏 is + = 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 .
𝒂 𝒃𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽

Sol: Eq’’n of the hyperbola − = 1… (1)

𝑝(𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃, 𝑏 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)be any point on(1)
Equation of the tangent at P (𝜽) is
− =1
⇨- =− +1
⇨−𝑦 = − +1
Slope of the tangent =

Slope of the tangent= −

Now eq’’n of normal at P (𝜽)

(𝑦 − 𝑦 ) = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥 )
⇨ (𝑦 − 𝑏 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) = − (𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃)
⇨ 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 (𝑦 − 𝑏 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) = −𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃(𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃)

⇨ 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 − 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
= −𝑎 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
⇨𝑎𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 )𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃

⇨𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 )

∴ + = (𝑎 + 𝑏 )

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Prove that point of intersection of perpendicular

tangents to the hyperbola − = 1 lies on the circle
𝑥 +𝑦 =𝑎 −𝑏
Sol: Sol: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏
be the tangent to the hyperbola − =1
Let P (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) be point of intersection of tngts
P lies on tngts
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏

⇨ 𝑦 − 𝑚𝑥 = ±√𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏
𝑆 . 𝑂. 𝐵
⇨(𝑦 − 𝑚𝑥 ) = (√𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏 )

𝑦 + 𝑚 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑎 𝑚 + 𝑏 = 0
⇨ 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑎 ) − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦 + (𝑦 + 𝑏 ) = 0
∴is a Q.E in ‘’m’’ {a𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0}
Let 𝑚 , 𝑚 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠
⇨𝑚 . 𝑚 = = -1(since tangents are perpendicular)
(𝑦 + 𝑏 )/(𝑥 − 𝑎 ) =-1
𝑦 + 𝑏 = −𝑥 + 𝑎

∴ The equation of locus of P(x1, y1) is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

14. Tangents to the hyperbola

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
𝒂 𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
𝟏𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝜽𝟏 , 𝜽𝟐 with the transverse
axis of a hyperbola. S.T the point of intersection of
these tangents lies on the curve
𝟐𝒙𝒚 = 𝒌(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 ) 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽𝟐 = 𝒌 .
Sol: Sol: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏
be the tangent to the hyperbola − =1
Let P (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) be point of intersection of tngts
P lies on tngts
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏

⇨ 𝑦 − 𝑚𝑥 = ±√𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏
𝑆 . 𝑂. 𝐵
⇨(𝑦 − 𝑚𝑥 ) = (√𝑎 𝑚 − 𝑏 )

𝑦 + 𝑚 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑎 𝑚 + 𝑏 = 0
⇨ 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑎 ) − 2𝑚𝑥 𝑦 + (𝑦 + 𝑏 ) = 0
∴is a Q.E in ‘’m’’ {a𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0}
Let 𝑚 , 𝑚 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠
⇨𝑚 + 𝑚 = −
m1=tan𝜃 , m2=tan𝜃
Given tan 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = 𝑘

⇒𝑚 + 𝑚 = 𝑘
⇒ =𝑘
⇒2𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑘(𝑦 − 𝑎 )
∴ The equation of locus of P(x1, y1) is
2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑘(𝑦 − 𝑎 )

Q.No: 15 9000687600 Hyperbola

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Differential equations: An equation involving 2. Solve (𝒙𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙)dx+ ( 𝒚𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚) 𝒅𝒚=0.

one dependent variable and its derivatives w. r. t
one or more independent variables is called a Sol: (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥)dx+ ( 𝑦𝑥 + 𝑦) dy=0.
differential equation.
⇨ (𝑦 + 1)𝑥dx+ ( 𝑥 + 1) y dy=0.
Order of differential equation: The order of a
differential equation is the order of the highest
derivative occurring in it. ÷ 𝑏𝑦 (𝑦 + 1)( 𝑥 + 1) ⇨ +
( )

=0
Degree of differential equation: Degree of a ( )

differential equation is the degree of the highest

derivative occurring in it when the derivatives ⇨ ∫
( )
𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑦 = 0
are made free from the radical sign.

Solutions of differential equations of the first ⇨ log(1 + 𝑥 ) + log(1 + 𝑦 ) =

order and first degree: log 𝑐

 Variables separable method.

⇨ log(1 + 𝑥 )(1 + 𝑦 ) = log 𝑐
 Homogeneous equations.
 Non-Homogeneous equations:
∴ (1 + 𝑥 )(1 + 𝑦 ) = 𝑐
 Linear equation:
 Equation reducible to linear form:

Variable separable method.

𝒅𝒚 𝒚𝟐 𝒚 𝟏
3. Solve + =𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏
To solve = 𝑋𝑌,where X is a function of x
only and Y is a function of y only. Sol: =−

Bring all the terms of x and dx on one side, the

terms of y and dy on the other side. ⇨ =−

Integrate both sides and add an arbitrary

constant on one side. ⇨ =

𝒅𝒚
1. Solve = 𝒆𝒙 𝒚
+ 𝒙𝟐 𝒆 𝒚
𝒅𝒙
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
Sol: =𝑒 +𝑥 𝑒 √ √

⇨ = + ∴∫ 𝑑𝑥 = tan ( ) + 𝑐

⇨ = ⇨ tan + tan =
√ √ √ √
⇨𝑒 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑒 + 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑐
⇨∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(𝑒 + 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
∴ tan + tan =𝑐
√ √
⇨𝑒 = 𝑒 + 2𝑥 + 𝑐
∴𝑒 = 𝑒 + 2𝑥 + 𝑐

saq Q.No 17
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚
5. Solve 𝒚 − 𝒙 = 𝟓(𝒚𝟐 + )
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

4. Solve (𝒆𝒙 + 𝟏)𝒚𝒅𝒚 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟎

Sol: 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 5𝑦 + 5
Sol: (𝑒 + 1)𝑦𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 0
⇨𝑥 +5 = 𝑦 − 5𝑦
÷ 𝑏𝑦 (𝑒 + 1)(𝑦 + 1)

( ) ( ) ⇨(x+5) = 𝑦(1 − 5𝑦)

⇨( )( )
+( )( )
=0

⇨ =
( ) ( )
⇨ ∫( )
𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥 = 0

⇨∫ ( )
𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 0

⇨∫ ( )
−( )
𝑑𝑦 +

∫( )
𝑑𝑥 = 0

⇨ ∫ 1𝑑𝑦 − ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑦 − ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥 =
0

⇨ 𝑦 − log(𝑦 + 1) − log(1 + 𝑒 )=
log 𝑐

⇨ 𝑦 = log(𝑦 + 1) + log(1 + 𝑒 )+
log 𝑐

⇨ 𝑦 = log(𝑦 + 1)(1 + 𝑒 )𝑐

⇨ 𝑒 = 𝑐(𝑦 + 1)(1 + 𝑒 )

𝑜𝑟

𝑒 𝑒 = 𝑐(𝑦 + 1)(1 + 𝑒 )

𝑒 = 𝑐(𝑦 + 1)(1 + 𝑒 )

saq Q.No 17
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝟏 𝒅𝒚
8. Solve 𝐬𝐢𝐧 =𝒙+𝒚
𝒅𝒚 𝒙(𝟐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙 𝟏) 𝒅𝒙
6. Solve =
𝒅𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒚 𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒚
𝒅𝒚
Sol: sin =𝑥 + 𝑦
( ) 𝒅𝒙
Sol: =
⇨ = sin(𝑥 + 𝑦)
⇨ (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

⇨ ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑦. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑡 ⇨ 1 + =

= 2 ∫ 𝑥. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
⇨ = −1
⇨ −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑦 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑑𝑦
−∫ ⇨ − 1 = sin 𝑡
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

⇨ = 1 + sin 𝑡
= 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 −

∫ (log 𝑥) ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥

⇨ −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥
=2 log 𝑥 − ∫ + +𝑐

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥
⇨ −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
= 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − + +𝑐
⇨∫ − 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥

⇨ 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐
⇨∫{𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡 − sec 𝑡 tan 𝑡} 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥

7. Solve √𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
∴ tan 𝑡 − sec 𝑡 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

Sol: √1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 1 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝒅𝒚
9. Solve − 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝒙 − 𝒚) = 𝟏
𝒅𝒙

Integrating on both sides Sol: put 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇨ −1=

∫ √1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 1 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 =0 The given eq’’n 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
1+ − 𝑥 tan 𝑡 = 1
⇨ =𝑥 tan 𝑡
{∴∫ √𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑎 − 𝑥 + sin ( )}
⇨ = 𝑥. 𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ cot 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 𝑥 + sin (𝑥) +
⇨log|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡| = +𝑐
√1 − 𝑥 + sin (𝑦) = 𝒄
∴log|sin (𝑦 − 𝑥)| = +𝑐
∴ x√1 − 𝑥 + sin 𝑥+
y√1 − 𝑥 + sin 𝑦 = 2c

𝒅𝒚
10. Solve = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝒚).
𝒅𝒙

saq Q.No 17
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Homogeneous differential equations = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

( , )
To solve the equation = , where
( , )
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ ( 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ ( 𝑑𝑣
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦), 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦)are homogeneous functions of ( ) ) )

the same degree in x and y. 1

= 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
Put 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥, 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 =𝑣+𝑥
⇨ ∫ 𝑑𝑣 − ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )
Substitute the values of y and in the given
𝒇 (𝒙)
equation. ∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝒇(𝒙)| + 𝒄.
𝒇(𝒙)

Separate the variables v and x.

⇨log|𝑣| − log|1 − 𝑣 | = log 𝑥 + log 𝑐
Integrate both sides and add an arbitrary
constant on one side. ⇨log = log 𝑥 𝑐

Separate back the variables 𝑣 = .

⇨ = 𝑥𝑐 substituting v=y/x
1. Solve (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚. 𝒅𝒙. ⇨ = 𝑥𝑐 ⇨ = 𝑥𝑐
( )

Sol: (𝑥 + 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑦. 𝑑𝑥

⇨ = ……..(1) 2. Solve (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒚. 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥 Sol: (𝑥 − 𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦. 𝑑𝑦 = 0

⇨ = ……..
( )
Eq’n (1)⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 = 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸
( )

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥
⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ( )
( )
Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 =
⇨𝑥 = −𝑣 ( )

⇨𝑥 = ⇨𝑣+𝑥 =

⇨𝑥 = ⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ( )

⇨ 𝑑𝑣 = ⇨𝑣+𝑥 =( )

⇨ 𝑑𝑣 = ⇨𝑥 = −𝑣
( )

⇨𝑥 = ⇨𝑥 =
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )

⇨− ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣 + ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣 + ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣

saq Q.No 17
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝒇′(𝒙) 𝒅𝒚 𝒙 𝒚
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝒇(𝒙)| + 𝒄. 4. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 =
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒚
𝒇(𝒙)
Sol:
⇨− log|1 − 2𝑣 | = log 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸

⇨log|1 − 2𝑣 | = −4 log(𝑐𝑥) 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥

⇨log|1 − 2𝑣 | =log(𝑐𝑥)
Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 =
( )
⇨(1 − 2𝑣 ) = (𝑐𝑥)
( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =
( )
⇨ 1−2 = ⇨ =
( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =
( )
⇨𝑥 (𝑥 − 2𝑦 ) =
( )
⇨𝑥 = −𝑣
( )
𝟐 𝒅𝒚
3. Solve (𝒙 − 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝒙𝒚.
𝒅𝒙
Sol: (𝑥 − 𝑦 ) = 𝑥𝑦 (
⇨𝑥 =
(
⇨ = …
(
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥 ⇨𝑥 =
(

( )
Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 = ⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )

( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ⇨𝑣+𝑥 = ( ) ⇨− ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

⇨𝑥 = −𝑣 ⇨ − log|1 − 2𝑣 − 𝑣 | = log 𝑥 + log 𝑐

⇨ log|1 − 2𝑣 − 𝑣 | = −2 log|𝑥𝑐|
⇨𝑥 =
⇨ log|1 − 2𝑣 − 𝑣 | = log(𝑐𝑥)
⇨𝑥 =

⇨ 1 − 2𝑣 − 𝑣 = (𝑐𝑥)
⇨ 𝑑𝑣 =

⇨1− − =
⇨ ∫( − ) 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨− − log 𝑣 = log 𝑥 + log 𝑐
⇨ =
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣 = 𝑦/𝑥
⇨− − log 𝑦/𝑥 = log 𝑥𝑐 ∴ 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 =
⇨− = log 𝑦/𝑥 +log 𝑥𝑐

⇨− = log 𝑐
⇨−𝑥 = 2𝑦 log 𝑦𝑐
⇨𝑥 + 2𝑦 log 𝑦𝑐 = 0

saq Q.No 17
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

5. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝟐𝒙−y)𝒅𝒚 = (𝟐𝒚 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 𝒚

6. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒙𝒅𝒚 = 𝒚 + 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒙

𝑠𝑜𝑙: (2𝑥−y)𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑦 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Sol: 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑥

⇨ =
= +
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸
⇨ = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ….
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸
Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 =
( )
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥
( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =
( )
Eq’n 1⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 = 𝑣 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑣)
( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =
( )
⇨𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑣)
( )
⇨𝑥 = −𝑣
( )
⇨∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )
⇨𝑥 =
( )
⇨ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 (𝑣)𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

( )
⇨𝑥 = ⇨𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑣 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐
( )

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ∴ tan ( ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐

⇨ ∫( )(
𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
)

7. Given the solution of

𝒚
⇨∫ ( )
+
( )
𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒚𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒅𝒚 Which
𝒙
𝝅
passes through the point (1, )
𝟒
⇨ ∫( 𝑑𝑣 − 3 ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 Sol:
) ( )
xsin dx = ydx − xdy
⇨log(𝑣 − 1) − 3 log(𝑣 + 1) = 2 log 𝑥 +
log 𝑐 ⇨𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )𝑑𝑥

⇨log(𝑣 − 1) − log(𝑣 + 1) = log 𝑥 𝑐 ⇨ 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑥

( )
⇨ log = log 𝑥 𝑐 ⇨ 𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑑𝑥
( )

( )
⇨ = 𝑥 𝑐⇨( − 1) = 𝑥 ( + 1) 𝑐 ⇨ = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 … ..
( )

⇨(𝑦 − 𝑥)= (𝑦 + 𝑥) 𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥

∴(𝑦 − 𝑥)= (𝑦 + 𝑥) 𝑐 ⇨𝑣+𝑥 = 𝑣 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑣)

saq Q.No 17
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝒅𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝟑
9. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 = .
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒚 𝟓
⇨𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑣)
Sol: =
⇨∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
=

⇨ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(2)

⇨ −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑣 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 = …..

( )

⇨ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑡 (𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑣 ⇨ 1 − =

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 Through the point ⇨ =1−

(1, )
Now eq’’n 1 becomes
⇨ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔1 + 𝑐
⇨1− =

⇨ −1 = 0 + 𝑐 ⇨ 𝑐 = −1 ⇨1 − =

∴ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 1 ⇨ =
𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙 𝒚 𝟏
8. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 = .
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝟐𝒚 𝟑
⇨ =
Sol: =
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
[𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 − 1 = 0]
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(1)

𝑅𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑦

( )
⇨(𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 ⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣

⇨ (2𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 ⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫

( )
+ 𝑑𝑣
⇨ (2𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 − [𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦] =
0
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 + 𝑑𝑣

⇨ ∫(2𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 − ∫(2𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 − ∫ 𝑑(𝑥𝑦) =

∫0
⇨𝑥 = 2𝑣 + log(𝑣 + 2) + 𝑐

⇨2 +𝑥−2 − 3𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐 ⇨ 𝑥 = 2(𝑥 − 𝑦) + log(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) + 𝑐

∴𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 𝑐 ∴ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + log(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) = 𝑐

saq Q.No 17
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Linear differential equations 𝒅𝒚

2. Solve (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙

𝑇𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 𝑎𝑟𝑒 Sol: (1 + x ) + 2xy − 4x = 0

𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦. + =

Make the co-efficient of unity, if not so 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄

already. 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = ,𝑄 =

Find 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ and remember that

∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
𝒆∫ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒇(𝒙) =𝒇(𝒙)
∫ ( )
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 =𝑒 = 1+𝑥

𝒅𝒚 𝟏𝒙
1. Solve (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) + 𝒚 = 𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) =
𝒅𝒙
Sol: (1 + 𝑥 ) +𝑦=𝑒 ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
⇨𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = ∫ . (1 + 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
⇨ + =
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 ⇨𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = ∫ 4𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = ,𝑄 =
⇨𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = +𝑐

∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
∴ 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 ) = +𝑐
∫
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 =𝑒

𝒅𝒚
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) = 3. Solve + 𝒚 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐 Sol: + 𝑦 tan 𝑥 = sin 𝑥

⇨𝑦. 𝑒 =∫ .𝑒 𝑑𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥, 𝑄 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑒 =𝑡⇨ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
⇨𝑦. 𝑒 = ∫ 𝑡𝑑𝑡 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒 | |

I.F=𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) =
⇨ 𝑦. 𝑒 =
∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ sin 𝑥 sec 𝑥𝑑𝑥
( )
∴ 𝑦. 𝑒 = +𝑐
⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥

⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∴y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = log|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥| + 𝑐

saq Q.No 17
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝒅𝒚 ⇨x(𝑒 ) = −(𝑦 + 1)𝑒 + ∫𝑒 𝑑𝑦

4. Solve − 𝒚 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
Sol: − 𝑦 tan 𝑥 = 𝑒 sec 𝑥 ⇨ x(𝑒 ) = −(𝑦 + 1)𝑒 + +𝑐

x = −(𝑦 + 1) − 1 + 𝑐𝑒
𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄
x + y + 2 = 𝑐𝑒
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥, 𝑄 = 𝑒 sec 𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
6. Solve (𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 = (𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏 𝒚 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒚
| |
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒∫ =𝑒 Sol:
(1 + 𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 = (tan 𝑦 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑦
I.F= = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
⇨ = ( )
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) =
∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
⇨ +( )
= ( )

⇨y(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = ∫ 𝑒 sec 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑥 = 𝑄
⇨y(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 1 tan 𝑦
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = ,𝑄 =
(1 + 𝑦 ) (1 + 𝑦 )
⇨y(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = 𝑒 + 𝑐.
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
∫
𝒅𝒚
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 =𝑒
5. Solve (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏) =𝟏
𝒅𝒙
I.F=𝑒
Sol: (x + y + 1) =1 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑥(𝐼. 𝐹) =
∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑐
⇨ = ⇨ =x + y + 1
⇨x 𝑒 = ∫𝑒 .( )
𝑑𝑦

⇨ -x= y+1 𝑙𝑒𝑡 tan 𝑦=𝑡⇨( )

𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑡

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑥 = 𝑄 ⇨x 𝑒 = ∫ 𝑒 . 𝑡. 𝑑𝑡

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = −1, 𝑄 = 𝑦 + 1
⇨x 𝑒 = 𝑒 (𝑒 − 1) + 𝑐
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒 ⇨x 𝑒 =𝑒 𝑒 −
I.F=𝑒 1 +𝑐
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑥(𝐼. 𝐹) =
∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑐
⇨x(𝑒 ) = ∫ 𝑒 (𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑦

⇨x(𝑒 ) = (𝑦 + 1) ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦
−∫ (𝑦 + 1) ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

⇨x(𝑒 ) = −(𝑦 + 1)𝑒 − ∫ 1. 𝑑𝑦

saq Q.No 17
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝒅𝒚
7. Solve 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝒚 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
Sol:
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑦 sin 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥

⇨ + 𝑦. =

⇨ + 𝑦. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑜𝑓 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥, 𝑄 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥

∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫
𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ =𝑒 | |

I.F=𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹) =
∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. sec 𝑥𝑑𝑥

⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥

⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇨ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡

⇨y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = ∫(1 + 𝑡 )𝑑𝑡

∴y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = 𝑡 + +𝑐

∴y(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + +𝑐
𝒅𝒚
8. Solve 𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
𝒅𝒙

saq Q.No 17
Differential equations
AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

1. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟖𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎.
𝐒𝐨𝐥: given equation of the circle x + y − 8x − 2y − 8 = 0 … . . (1)
Centre (4, 1) & r = g +f −c= (−4) + (−1) + 8 = √25 = 5

Given line x + y + 1 = 0 … . . (2) [ax + by + c = 0]

Perpindicular Distance from centre (4, 1) to given line (2)

| ( ) ( ) | | |
𝑑=
( ) ( ) √

| |
= = 3√2 = √18
√
length of chord intercepted by the circle = 2√r − d
= 2√25 − 18 = 2√7units

2. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝐱 − 𝟑𝐲 − 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐲 = 𝐱 − 𝟑.
𝐒𝐨𝐥: given equation of the circle x + y − x − 3y − 22 = 0 … . . (1)

Centre , and r = g +f −c = + + 22

= =

Given line x − y − 3 = 0 … . . (2) [ax + by + c = 0]

Perpindicular Distance from centre , to given line (2)

| |
𝑑=
( ) ( ) √

| |
= =
√ √
length of chord intercepted by the circle = 2√r − d

= 2 − = 2√24 = 4√4 units

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

3. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞 (−𝟐, 𝟑)𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝
𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝟐 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.
Sol: given centre C (−2, 3)
Given equation of the chord 3x + 4y + 4 = 0 [ax + by + c = 0] … . (1)
d = ⊥ Distance from centre C (−2, 3) to given line (1)

𝑎𝑥1 +𝑏𝑦1 +𝑐 | ( ) ( ) | | |
d = = = = =2
𝑎2 +𝑏2 ( ) ( ) √
Given length of chord 2√r − d = 2
⇒ √r − d = 1
⇒ r − d = 1 (d = 2)
⇒r −4=1
∴ r =5
Required eq’’n of the circle is
(𝐱 − 𝐚)𝟐 + (𝐲 − 𝐛)𝟐 = 𝐫 𝟐
⇒ (x + 2) + (y − 3) = 5

x + y + 4x − 6y + 8 = 0

4. 𝐈𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐲 = 𝐦𝐱 + 𝐜 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 intersects A and B and AB= 𝟐𝝀

𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝟐 = (𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 )(𝒂𝟐 − 𝝀𝟐 ).
SOL: Sol: given 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝐚𝟐 … . . (1)
centre C (0, 0) , radius=a
Given equation of the chord mx − y + c = 0[ax + by + c = 0] … . (2)
d = ⊥ Distance from centre C (0, 0) to given line (2)
𝑎𝑥1 +𝑏𝑦1 +𝑐 | ( ) ( ) | | |
d = = =
𝑎2 +𝑏2 ( ) ( ) √1+𝑚2
Given length of chord 2√r − d = 2𝜆
⇒ √a − d = 𝜆 S.O. B
⇒a −d =𝜆
⇒a −𝜆 =d
|c|
⇒ (a − 𝜆 ) =
√

⇒ (1 + 𝑚 )(a − 𝜆 ) = [c]

∴ 𝑐 = (1 + 𝑚 )(𝑎 − 𝜆 ).

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

5. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟒𝟓 = 𝟎 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟖𝐲 + 𝟓 = 𝟎
Sol: given equation of the circle x + y − 6x − 8y + 5 = 0 … . . (1)

Centre (3, 4) and r = (−3) + (−4) − 5=√20

Given line 3x + 4y − 45 = 0 here l = 3, m = 4 & 𝑛 = −45

Now 𝑙𝑔 + 𝑚𝑓 − 𝑛 = 3(−3) + 4(−4) + 45 = 20

The pole = −g + , −f +

( ) ( )
= 3+ ,4+

= (3 + 3, 4 + 4) = (6. 8)

6. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
Sol: given equation of the circle x + y − 4x + 6y − 12 = 0 … . . (1)

Centre (2, -3) and r = (2) + (3) + 12=√25

Given line x + y + 2 = 0 = 0 here l = 1, m = 1 & 𝑛 = 2

Now 𝑙𝑔 + 𝑚𝑓 − 𝑛 = 1(−2) + 1(3) − 2 = −1

The pole = −g + , −f +

( ) ( )
= 2+ , −3 +

= (2 − 25, −3 − 25) = (−𝟐𝟑, −𝟐𝟖)

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

7. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐤 𝐢𝐟 𝐤𝐱 + 𝟑𝐲 − 𝟏 = 𝟎,

𝟐𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟓 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟒 = 𝟎.
𝟐

Sol: Given equation of the circle x + y − 2x − 4y − 4 = 0 … . . (1)

Centre (1, 2) and r = (1) + (2) + 4=√9=3

Given line 2x + y + 5 = 0 here l = 2, m = 1 and n = 5

Now 𝑙𝑔 + 𝑚𝑓 − 𝑛 = 2(−1) + 1(−2) − 5 = −9

The pole = −g + , −f +

( ) ( )
= 1+ ,2 +
= (1 − 2, 2 − 1)= (-1, 1)

(−1, 1) lies on kx + 3y − 1 = 0 ⇨−k + 3 − 1 = 0 ⇨ k = 2.

8. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐤 𝐢𝐟 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟓 = 𝟎,
𝟐𝐱 + 𝐤𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟏 = 𝟎.
Sol: Given equation of the circle x + y − 2x − 2y − 1 = 0 … . . (1)

Centre (1, 1) and r = (1) + (1) + 1=√3

Given line x + y − 5 = 0 here l = 1, m = 1 and n = −5

Now 𝑙𝑔 + 𝑚𝑓 − 𝑛 = 1(−1) + 1(−1) + 5 = 3

The pole = −g + , −f +

( ) ( )
= 1+ ,1 +
= (1 + 1, 1 + 1)= (2. 2)

(2, 2) lies on 2x + ky − 8 = 0 ⇨2(2) + k(2) − 8 = 0 ⇨ k = 2.

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

9. If the abscissa of points A, B are the roots of the equation

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐚𝐱 − 𝐛𝟐 = 𝟎 And the ordinates of A, B are the roots of
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐩𝐲 − 𝐪𝟐 = 𝟎, then find the equation of a circle for which AB as a
diameter.
Sol: Let A(x , y ) and B(x , y )
Given that
x , x be the roots of x + 2ax − b = 0
⇨(x − x )(x − x ) = x + 2ax − b
And
Given that
y , y be the roots of y + 2py − q = 0
⇨(y − y )(y − y ) = y + 2py − q

Equation of the circle with AB as a diameter is

(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐 ) + (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 )(𝐲 − 𝐲𝟐 ) = 𝟎

⇨(x + 2ax − b ) + (y + 2py − q ) = 0

⇨x + y + 2ax + 2py − b − q = 0 is the required eq’’n of the circle.

10. If a point P is moving such that the lengths of tangents from P to

the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 , 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟔𝐱 + 𝟏𝟖𝐲 + 𝟐𝟔 =
𝟎 are in the ratio 2:3 the find the equation of the locus of p.
Sol: let P(x1, y1) be any point on the locus
Given that = ⇒3 S = 2 S′ S.O.B
⇒9(S ) = 4(S )

⇒ 9(x +y − 6x − 4y − 12) = 4(x +y + 6x + 18y + 26)

⇒(9x + 9y − 54x − 36y − 108) − 4x

− 4y − 24x − 72y − 104 = 0

⇒5x + 5y − 78x − 108y − 212=0

∴ the equation of locus of p is

5𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟓𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟕𝟖𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝐲 − 𝟐𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 .

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

11. Find the equations of the tangents to the circle

𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 Which are perpendicular to
𝟐

𝟑𝐱 − 𝐲 + 𝟒 = 𝟎.
𝐒𝐨𝐥: given equation of the circle x + y + 2x − 2y − 3 = 0 … . . (1)
Centre (−1, 1) and radius r = g + f − c = (1) + (−1) + 3 = √5
The given line 3x − y + 4 = 0 … . . (2)
Slope (m)= − = − = 3 and ⊥ slope(m) = − ⇨m =
Eq’’n of tangent to S=0 & ⊥ to (2)
is (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 ) = 𝐦(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 ) ± 𝐫√𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐

⇨ (y − 1) = − (x + 1) ± √5 1 +
( ) √ √
⇨ (y − 1) = − ±
⇨ 3(y − 1) = −(x + 1) ± 5√2
⇨ x + 1 + 3y − 3 ± 5√2 = 0
Hence required eq’’n of tangents are

x + 3y − 2 ± 5√2 = 0.

12. Find the equations of the tangents to the circle

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 Which are parallel to 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎.
Sol: given equation of the circle 𝐒 ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 − 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎

Centre (2, -3) and radius (r) = (−2) + (3) + 12

=√4 + 9 + 12 = √25 = 5

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 … . . (𝟏)

Slope (m)= − = − = −1

Eq’’n of tangent to S=0 & parallel to (1)

is (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 ) = 𝐦(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 ) ± 𝐫√𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐
⇨ (y + 3) = −1(x − 2) ± 5√1 + 1
⇨ x − 2 + y + 3 ± 5√2 = 0

Hence required eq’’n of tangents are 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟏 ± 𝟓√𝟐 = 𝟎.

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

13. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨

𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟒𝐲 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐭 (𝟑, −𝟏).
𝟐

𝐀𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐢𝐭.

Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y − 2x + 4y = 0 … . . (1)
Centre (1, −2) and radius (r) = (−1) + (2) + 0 = √5

The equation of tangent at (3, −1) is

𝐒𝟏 = 𝐱𝐱 𝟏 + 𝐲𝐲𝟏 + 𝐠(𝐱 + 𝐱𝟏 ) + 𝐟(𝐲 + 𝐲𝟏 ) + 𝐜 = 𝟎

⇨ x(3) + y(−1) − 1(x + 3) + 2(y − 1) = 0

⇒ 3x − y − x − 3 + 2y − 2 = 0

⇒ 2x + y − 5 = 0 … . (2)

here slope (m) = −2

Required eq’’n of the tangent to (1) and it is parallel to (2) is

(y − y ) = m(x − x ) ± r√1 + m

⇒ (y + 2) = −2(x − 1) ± √5 1 + (−2)

⇒ (y + 2) = −2(x − 1) ± √5√5

⇒ (y + 2) = −2(x − 1) ± 5

⇒ y + 2 = −2x + 2 ± 5

∴ 2x + y ± 5 = 0.

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

14. 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐭 (−𝟏, 𝟐)𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞

𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟖𝐲 + 𝟕 = 𝟎 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞
𝟐

𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭.

𝐒𝐨𝐥: equation of the tangent at (−1, 2) to the circle

x + y − 4x − 8y + 7 = 0 is
𝐒𝟏 = 𝐱𝐱𝟏 + 𝐲𝐲𝟏 + 𝐠(𝐱 + 𝐱 𝟏 ) + 𝐟(𝐲 + 𝐲𝟏 ) + 𝐜 = 𝟎
⇒ x(−1) + y(2) − 2(x − 1) − 4(y + 2) + 7 = 0
⇒ −3x − 2y + 1 = 0
⇒ 3x + 2y − 1 = 0 … . (1)

For the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 = 𝟎 centre (−2, −3),

r = (2) + (3) − 0 = √13

⊥ Distance from centre (−2, −3) to given line (1)

| ( ) ( ) | | |
= = = = √13
( ) ( ) √ √
so the line (1) also touches the 2nd circle.
let (h, k) be the required point of contact.

so it is the foot of the ⊥ from the centre (−2, −3)

𝐡 𝐱𝟏 𝐤 𝐲𝟏 (𝐚𝐱 𝟏 𝐛𝐲𝟏 𝐜)
= =−
𝐚 𝐛 𝐚𝟐 𝐛 𝟐
[ ( ) ( ) )]
⇒ = =−
( )
⇒ = =− =1
⇒ = 1 and ⇒ =1
h + 2 = 3 and k + 3 = 2
h = 3 − 2 and k = 2 − 3
h = 1 , k = −1

Coordinate of point of contact = (1, −1. )

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

15. Show that 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 0 touches the circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕𝐲 + 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟎

And find its point of contact.
𝐒𝐨𝐥: circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟕𝐲 + 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟎
centre (−g, −f) = ( , − )

r = + − 14 = = =
√

⊥ Distance from centre ,− to given line 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎

| | | |
= = = =
( ) ( ) √ √ √

𝒓 = 𝒅 The line touches the circle.

let (h, k) be the required mid point .

so it is the foot of the ⊥ from the centre ,−
( )
= =−

⇒ = =−
( )
⇒ = == − =

⇒ = and ⇒ =
h= + and k = −
h = and 5k = −

h = 2 , k = −3

Coordinate of point of contact = (2, −3. )

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

16. Find the mid-point of the chord intercepted by

𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 On the line 𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟕 = 𝟎.
𝟐

𝐒𝐨𝐥: circle 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 centre (1, 5),

r = (1) + (5) − 1 = 5
⊥ Distance from centre (1, 5) to given line 𝐱 − 𝟐𝐲 + 𝟕 = 𝟎
| ( ) ( ) | | |
= = =
( ) ( ) √ √

𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐬

𝟐√𝐫 𝟐 − 𝐝𝟐 = 2 25 − = 2
( )
=2 = = units
√ √

𝐥𝐞𝐭 (𝐡, 𝐤) 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐢𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 .

so it is the foot of the ⊥ from the centre (1, 5)
( )
= =−

[ ( ) ( ) ]
⇒ = =−
( )
⇒ = =− =
⇒ = and ⇒ =
5h − 5 = 2 and 5k − 25 = −4
5h = 2 + 5 = 7 and 5k = −4 + 25

h= ,k =

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

17. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞

𝐱 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐭 (𝟑, 𝟐)
𝟐

𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞.
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y − 4x − 6y + 11 = 0 … . . (1)
Centre C (2, 3) = (−g, −f)
Given point A (3, 2) = (x , y )

The equation of the normal is

(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐲𝟏 + 𝐟) − (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 )(𝐱 𝟏 + 𝐠) = 𝟎

⇒ (x − 3)(2 − 3) − (y − 2)(3 − 2) = 0
⇒ −x + 3 − y + 2 = 0 ⇒ x + y − 5 = 0.

𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐢𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐀 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁

𝐱 𝟏 𝐱 𝟐 𝐲𝟏 𝐲𝟐
, = (𝟐, 𝟑) ⇒ , = (2, 3)
𝟐 𝟐

⇒ = 2 and =3
⇒ 3 + a = 4 and 2 + b = 6
⇒ a = 4 − 3 and b = 6 − 2 B (a, b) = (1, 4)

18. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐭

(𝟑, −𝟒)𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐲 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎
𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐱𝐞𝐬.
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y − 22x − 4y + 25 = 0 … . . (1)
Centre C (11, 2) = (−g, −f)
Given point A (3, −4) = (x , y )
The equation of the normal is
(𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟏 )(𝐲𝟏 + 𝐟) − (𝐲 − 𝐲𝟏 )(𝐱 𝟏 + 𝐠) = 𝟎
⇒ (x − 3)(−4 − 2) − (y + 4)(3 − 11) = 0
⇒ 3x − 4y − 25 = 0.
Area of the triangle formed by the normal with the
𝟏 𝐜𝟐 ( )
coordinate axes = = )
𝟐 𝐚.𝐛 .(

= sq. units

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

19. 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐰𝐧 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦

(𝟎, 𝟎) 𝐭𝐨 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝐱 + 𝟏𝟎𝐲 + 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟎
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y + 10x + 10y + 40 = 0 … . . (1), P(x , y ) = (0, 0)
S = xx + yy + g(x + x ) + f(y + y ) + c = 0
S ≡ x(0) + y(0) + 5(x + 0) + 5(y + 0) + 40 ⇨ S ≡ 5x + 5y + 40
S ≡ 02 + 02 + 10(0) + 10(0) + 40 = 40
𝐞𝐪 𝐧𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐒𝟏 𝟐 = 𝐒𝐒𝟏𝟏
(5x + 5y + 40 ) = ( x2 + y2 + 10x + 10y + 40)(40)
⇨25(x + y + 8) = ( x2 + y2 + 10x + 10y + 40)(40)

⇒ 5{x + y + 64 + 2xy + 16y + 16x} = {8x + 8y + 80x + 80y +

320}

⇒ {8x + 8y + 80x + 80y + 320 −5x − 5y − 320 − 10xy − 80y −

80x = 0
⇒ 3x − 10xy + 3y = 0

(b).Find the pair of tangents from the origin to the circle

𝐒 = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎 And hence deduce a condition
for these tangents to be 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 .
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 … . . (1), P(x , y ) = (0, 0)

S = xx + yy + g(x + x ) + f(y + y ) + c = 0

S ≡ x(0) + y(0) + g(x + 0) + f(y + 0) + c

S ≡ gx + fy + c
S ≡ 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜
S ≡ 𝟎𝟐 + 𝟎𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠(𝟎) + 𝟐𝐟(𝟎) + 𝐜 = 𝐜

𝐞𝐪 𝐧𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐒𝟏 𝟐 = 𝐒𝐒𝟏𝟏

⇨ (𝑔𝑥 + 𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐) =[x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c ](𝑐)

⇨𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑦 + 𝑐 + 2𝑔𝑓𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑓𝑐𝑦 + 2𝑔𝑐𝑥

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

= cx + cy + 2gxc + 2fyc + 𝑐

⇨(𝑔 − 𝑐)𝑥 + 2𝑔𝑓𝑥𝑦 + (𝑓 − 𝑐)𝑦 = 0

Given that tangents are perpendicular to each other

⇨coefficient of 𝒙𝟐 + coefficient of 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎

(𝑔 − 𝑐) + (𝑓 − 𝑐) = 0

∴ g + f =2c

20. (a).Find the condition that the tangents drawn from the exterior
point
(0, 0) to the circle 𝐒 = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫.
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0… (1)

r= g + f − c , length of tangent= S

if θ is angle the pair of tangents drawn from

(0, 0) to S=0 is

S = 0 + 0 + 2g(0) + 2f(0) + c = c

Then tan = [θ = 90°]

√

°
⇨tan = ⇨tan 45° =
√ √

1= S.O.B and cross multiplying⇨c = g + f − c

√
∴2c = g + f

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

(b).Find the condition that the tangents drawn from the exterior point
(g, f) to the circle 𝐒 = 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐠𝐱 + 𝟐𝐟𝐲 + 𝐜 = 𝟎
𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫.
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0… (1)
r= g + f − c , length of tangent= S
if θ is angle the
pair of tangents drawn from
(g, f) to S=0 is
S = g + f + 2g(g) + 2f(f) + c = 3g + 3f + c

Then tan = [θ = 90°]

√
°
⇨tan = ⇨tan 45° =

1= S.O.B and cross multiplying

⇨3g + 3f + c = g + f − c
g + f + c = 0.
21. Find the inverse point of (-2, 3) w.r.t the circle
𝟐 𝟐
𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟔𝐲 + 𝟗 = 𝟎.
Sol: given equation of the circle
x + y − 4x − 6y + 9 = 0 … . . (1)
Centre C (2, 3) = (x , y ) , given point P (-2, 3) = (x , y )
eq n of CP is (y − y ) = m(x − x )
⇨ (y − 2) = (x − 2)
⇨y − 2 = 0 … … . (1)
eq n of polar of p(−2, 3) is S = 0
S = xx + yy + g(x + x ) + f(y + y ) + c = 0
⇨x(−2) + y(3) − 2(x − 2) − 3(y + 3) + 9 = 0
⇨−2x + 3y − 2x + 4 − 3y − 9 + 9 = 0
⇨−4x = −4 ⇨ x = 1 … … . (2)
Solving (1) & (2) ⇨(x, y) = (1, 3)

∴ The inverse point of p is (1, 3)

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

LEVEL-II

Important questions:

22.Find the angle between the pair of tangents drawn from (3, 2) to the
circle x + y − 6x + 4y − 2 = 0 .

23.If the polar of a point of x + y = a with respect to x + y = b

touches the circle x + y = c then show that a, b, c are in
geometrical progressions.

24.Find the area of the triangle formed with the coordinate axes and the
tangent drawn at the point (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) on the circle x + y = a .

25.Find the equations to the circles which touch the lines

4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 5 = 0, 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 10 = 0 and pass through (1, -1).

26.Find the equation of the circle passing through (0, 0) and making
intercepts 6units, 4 units on x-axis and y-axis respectively.

27.If the chord of contact of p with respect to the circle x + y = a

cut the circle at AB such that 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 90 then show that p lies
on x + y = 2a .

28.Find the equation tangents of the circle x + y = 10 at the points

whose abscissae are 1.

SAQ Q.No:11 9000687600 Circle

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

1. Derive the equation of the parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥 in standard form .

Proof:
 Let S be the focus, l=0 be the directrix of the parabola.
 Let P (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) be a point on the parabola.
 Let M, Z be the projections of the P, S on l=0 respectively.
 Let N be the projection of p on SZ.
 Let A be the midpoint of SZ, ⇨SA=AZ
Let SA=AZ=a, A is called vertex of the parabola.
 Take AS as X-axis and AY as Y-axis

⇨A (0, 0), S (a, 0) and P (𝑥 , 𝑦 )

PM=NZ=NA+AZ=|𝑥 + 𝑎|

𝑺𝑷
From the definition of the parabola = 𝒆=1
𝑷𝑴

S.O.B
𝑆𝑃 = 𝑃𝑀
(𝑥 − 𝑎) + (𝑦 − 0) = (𝑥 + 𝑎)
⇨ 𝑥 + 𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑥

⇨ 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥

Q.No: 20 Parabola
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

1. Find the coordinates of the vertex and focus, the equation of the
directrix and axis of the parabola 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟓 = 𝟎.

Sol: the given equation is 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 5 = 0

⇨𝑦 + 4𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5 ⇨𝑦 + 4𝑦 + 2 = 𝑥 − 5 + 2

⇨(𝑦 + 2) = (𝑥 − 1)

⇨[𝑦 − (−2)] = (𝑥 − 1) Comparing with[𝑦 − 𝑘] = 4𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)

We get, 4a=1⇨a=1/4 and (h, k) = (1, -2)

1). Vertex (1, -2)

2). Focus (h + a, k) = (1+ , −2) = , −2
3). Equation of the directrix is 𝑥=h-a
⇨𝑥 = 1 − = ⇨ 4𝑥 − 3 = 0
4). Length of the latus rectum is 4a=1.
5). Eq’’n of axis 𝑦 − 𝛽 = 0 ⇨ 𝑦 + 2 = 0
2. Find the coordinates of the vertex and focus, the equation of the
directrix and axis of the parabola 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎.

Sol: the given equation is 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 3 = 0

⇨𝑥 − 2𝑥 = −4𝑦 + 3

⇨𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 1 = −4𝑦 + 3 + 1

⇨(𝑥 − 1) = −4(𝑦 − 1) ⇨[𝑥 − 1] = −4(𝑦 − 1)

Comparing with[𝑥 − ℎ] = −4𝑎(𝑦 − 𝑘)

We get, 4a=4⇨a=1 and (h, k) = (1, 1)

1. Vertex (1, 1)
2. Focus (h, k-a) = (1, 1 − 1)=(1, 0)
3. Equation of the directrix is
𝑦=k+a ⇨𝑦 = 1 + 1 = 2 ⇨ 𝑦 − 2 = 0 = 0
4. Length of the latus rectum is 4a=4.
5. Eq’’n of axis𝑥 − 𝛼 = 0 ⇨ 𝑥 − 1 = 0.

Q.No: 20 Parabola
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

4. Find the equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the y-axis
and passing through the points (4, 5), (-2, 11), (-4, 21).
Sol: The equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the y-axis
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 … (∗)
(4, 5) lies on (*)
⇨ 5 = 𝑎(4) + 𝑏(4) + 𝑐
⇨ 5 = 16𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (1)

(-2, 11) lies on (*)

⇨ 11 = 𝑎(−2) + 𝑏(−2) + 𝑐
⇨ 11 = 4𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (2)

(-4, 21) lies on (*)

⇨ 21 = 𝑎(−4) + 𝑏(−4) + 𝑐
⇨ 21 = 16𝑎 − 4𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (3)

Solving (1) & (2) solving (1) & (3)

5 = 16𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐 5 = 16𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 𝑐

11 = 4𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 𝑐 21 = 16𝑎 − 4𝑏 + 𝑐

−6 = 12𝑎 + 6𝑏 … . (4) -16=8b………(5)

⇨ 𝑏 = −2
𝑆𝑢𝑏 𝑏 = −2 𝑖𝑛 (4)
⇨−6 = 12𝑎 − 12
⇨ 12𝑎 = −6 + 12 = 6
⇨𝑎 = =

Sub a, b in (1)
⇨5= − 8 + 𝑐⇨𝑐 = 5
Substituting the values of a,b and c in (*) we get the required equation
of the parabola
𝑦 = 𝑥 + (−2)𝑥 + 5
⇨ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 10 = 0.

Q.No: 20 Parabola
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

5. Find the equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the x-axis
and passing through the points (-2, 1), (1, 2), (-1, 3).
Sol: Sol: The equation of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the y-
axis 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 … (∗)
(-2, 1) lies on (*)
⇨ −2 = 𝑎(1) + 𝑏(1) + 𝑐
⇨ −2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (1)

(1, 2) lies on (*)

⇨ 1 = 𝑎(2) + 𝑏(2) + 𝑐
⇨ 1 = 4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (2)

(-1, 3) lies on (*)

⇨ −1 = 𝑎(3) + 𝑏(3) + 𝑐
⇨ −1 = 9𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 𝑐 … … (3)

Solving (1) & (2) solving (1) & (3)

−2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 −2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
1 = 4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐 −1 = 9𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 𝑐
−3 = −3𝑎 − 𝑏 … . (4) -1=-8a-2b………(5)

Solving (4) & (5)

-3 -1 3 -3
-8 -2 1 -8

(a, b)= , = , = − ,

Substituting the values of a,b in (1) we get

⇨ − + + 𝑐 = −2
⇨ 8 + 𝑐 = −2
∴ 𝑐 = −10
Substituting the values of a,b and c in (*) we get the required equation
of the parabola
𝑦=− 𝑥 + − 𝑥 − 10
⇨ 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 21𝑥 + 10 = 0.

Q.No: 20 Parabola
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

6. Show that the equation of common tangents to the circle

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝒂𝟐 And the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖𝒂𝒙 are y=±(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒂).
Sol:
Given equation of the circle 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑎 … (1)
𝑥 + 𝑦 = √2𝑎 , 𝑟 = √2𝑎
Parabola 𝑦 = 8𝑎𝑥 … . . … (2)
[𝑦 = 4𝑎 𝑥, 𝑎 = 2𝑎]

Let ‘m’ be the slope of common tangent.

Equation of tangent to (1),
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± √2𝑎 √1 + 𝑚 ….. .. ... (3)
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 ± 𝑟 1 + 𝑚
𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑟
Equation of tangent to (2),
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + .. ... (4)
𝑎
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 +𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑜𝑓
𝑚
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 = 4𝑎′𝑥
(3), (4) Represents same line
±√2𝑎 √1 + 𝑚 =
𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
⇨2𝑎 (1 + 𝑚 )=
⇨𝑚 (1 + 𝑚 )= 2
⇨𝑚 + 𝑚 − 2 = 0
⇨𝑚 + 2𝑚 − 𝑚 − 2 = 0
⇨𝑚 (𝑚 + 2)-1(𝑚 + 2)=0
⇨(𝑚 − 1)(𝑚 + 2)=0
⇨𝑚 − 1 = 0, 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 + 2 = 0
⇨𝑚 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑚 = −2 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
∴𝑚 = ±1 sub in (4)
𝑦 = ±𝑚𝑥 +
±
y=±(𝑥 + 2𝑎).

Q.No: 20 Parabola
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

7. Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is (-2, 3) and directrix
is the line 2x+3y-4=0. Also find the length of the latex rectum and the
equation of the axis of the parabola.
Sol:
Given S (-2, 3)
Eq’’n of directrix l=2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0.
Let P (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) be a point on the parabola.
Draw a perpendicular PM on the to the line L=0.
⇨ = 1 ⇨ 𝑆𝑃 = 𝑃𝑀 ⊥ 𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡 =
√

(𝑥 + 2) + (𝑦 − 3) = S.O.B
√

( )
⇨(𝑥 + 2) + (𝑦 − 3) =

⇨ 13[𝑥 + 4 + 4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 9 − 6𝑦 ]

= 4𝑥 + 9𝑦 + 16 + 12𝑥 𝑦 − 24𝑦 − 16𝑥

⇨13𝑥 + 52 + 52𝑥 + 13𝑦 + 117 − 78𝑦

-4𝑥 − 9𝑦 − 16 − 12𝑥 𝑦 + 24𝑦 + 16𝑥 = 0

⇨9𝑥 − 12𝑥 𝑦 +4𝑦 + 68𝑥 − 54𝑦 + 153 = 0

∴ Locus of P is

9𝑥 − 12𝑥𝑦+4𝑦 + 68𝑥 − 54𝑦 + 153 = 0 is the eq’’n of the parabola.

Length of latus rectum=4a=2|2𝑎| = 2|𝑠𝑧|

=2[⊥ 𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆(−2, 3) 𝑡𝑜 𝑙 = 0]

( ) ( )
=2 =2 =2 =
√ √ √ √

Eq’’n of the axis is the line ⊥ 𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑥

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑆(−2, 3) is

𝑏(𝑥 − 𝑥 ) − 𝑎(𝑦 − 𝑦 ) = 0

⇨3(𝑥 + 2) − 2(𝑦 − 3) = 0

⇨3𝑥 + 6 − 2𝑦 + 6 = 0 ∴3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 12 = 0

Q.No: 20 Parabola
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

8. Prove that the area of the triangle inscribed in the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙
𝟏
is |(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟑 )(𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟏 )| Sq.uints where𝒚𝟏, 𝒚𝟐, 𝒚𝟑 are
𝟖𝒂
ordinates of its vertices.
𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n of the parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥….(1)
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 );
𝐵 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 )
𝐶 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 )
𝐴 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 (1) ⇨ 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥 ⇨ 𝑥 =
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 In scribed in the parabola
𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦
= 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦

𝑦 −𝑦
=
𝑦 −𝑦

(𝑦 − 𝑦 )(𝑦 + 𝑦 ) (𝑦 − 𝑦 )
=
(𝑦 − 𝑦 )(𝑦 + 𝑦 ) (𝑦 − 𝑦 )

( )( ) (𝑦 + 𝑦 ) 1
=
(𝑦 + 𝑦 ) 1

( )( )
= |𝑦 + 𝑦 − 𝑦 − 𝑦 |

|(𝑦 − 𝑦 )(𝑦 − 𝑦 )(𝑦 − 𝑦 )| Sq.uints

Q.No: 20 Parabola
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

9. Prove that the area of the triangle formed by the tangents at

(𝑥 , 𝑦 ), (𝑥 , 𝑦 ), (𝑥 , 𝑦 )
𝟏
to the Parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 is |(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟑 )(𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟏 )|
𝟏𝟔𝒂
Sq.uints where𝒚𝟏, 𝒚𝟐, 𝒚𝟑 are ordinates of its vertices.
𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n of the parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥….(1)
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐷 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 );
𝐸 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 )
𝐹 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (a𝑡 , 2a𝑡 )
𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒

𝐴 = [a𝑡 𝑡 , a(𝑡 + 𝑡 ) ];
𝐵 = [a𝑡 𝑡 , a(𝑡 + 𝑡 ) ]
𝐶 = [a𝑡 𝑡 , a(𝑡 + 𝑡 ) ]

∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 In scribed in the parabola

𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦
= 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑦 −𝑦

a𝑡 𝑡 − a𝑡 𝑡 𝑎𝑡 + a𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡 − a𝑡
= a𝑡 𝑡 − a𝑡 𝑡 𝑎𝑡 + a𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡 − a𝑡

𝑡 (𝑡 − 𝑡 ) (𝑡 − 𝑡 )
=
𝑡 (𝑡 − 𝑡 ) (𝑡 − 𝑡 )

( )( ) 𝑡 1
= = (𝑡 − 𝑡 )(𝑡 − 𝑡 ))|𝑡 − 𝑡 |
𝑡 1

= |(𝑡 − 𝑡 )(𝑡 − 𝑡 )(𝑡 − 𝑡 )| Sq.uints

𝑦 = 2a𝑡 ⇨ 𝑡 =

( ) ( ) ( )
= . . Sq.uints

𝟏
|(𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚𝟐 )(𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟑 )(𝒚𝟑 − 𝒚𝟏 )| Sq. uints.
𝟏𝟔𝒂

Q.No: 20 Parabola
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

10. If a normal chord at point ‘t’ on the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 subtends a

right angle at vertex, then prove that 𝒕 = ±√𝟐
Sol: Given eq’’n of the parabola 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥……. (1)
Eq’’n of the normal at ‘t’ on the parabola is
𝑦 + 𝑥𝑡 = 2𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 ⇨ = 1 … … . (2)
ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1) Using (2) we get,
𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥(1)
⇨ 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥( )
⇨𝑦 = 4𝑥( )
⇨𝑦 (2𝑡 + 𝑡 ) = 4𝑥(𝑦 + 𝑥𝑡)
⇨𝑦 (2𝑡 + 𝑡 ) = 4𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥 𝑡
⇨4𝑡𝑥 − 𝑦 (2𝑡 + 𝑡 ) + 4𝑥𝑦 = 0

Subtends a right angle 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑦 = 0

⇨4𝑡 − 2𝑡 − 𝑡 = 0
⇨2𝑡 − 𝑡 = 0
⇨𝑡(2 − 𝑡 ) = 0
⇨ 𝑡 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 = 2
𝒕 = ±√𝟐

11. The normal chord at point ‘𝒕𝟏 ’ on the parabola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 meet the
parabola again in the point 𝒕𝟐 , then prove that 𝒕𝟏 𝒕𝟐 + 𝒕𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟎.

Q.No: 20 Parabola
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

SOME STANDARD ELEMENTRY 𝒅

10. 𝒅𝒙 (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙) = −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
INTEGRALS
⇨ ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝒅
1. (𝒄) = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙
⇨ ∫(𝟎). 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒄
𝒅
11. 𝒅𝒙 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒅 𝒙𝒏 𝟏 ( )𝒙𝒏 ⇨ ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄.
2. 𝒅𝒙 𝒏 𝟏
= 𝒏 𝟏
= 𝒙𝒏

𝒅
𝒏 𝒙𝒏 𝟏 12. 𝒅𝒙 (𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙
⇨ ∫ 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒏 𝟏
+ 𝒄.
⇨ ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝒅
3. (𝒙) = 𝟏 𝒅
𝒅𝒙 13. 𝒅𝒙 (𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙) = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙
⇨ ∫ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄.
⇨ ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝒅
4. (𝒌𝒙) = 𝒌 𝒅
𝒅𝒙 14. 𝒅𝒙 (𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙) = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙
⇨ ∫ 𝑲𝒅𝒙 = 𝒌𝒙 + 𝒄.
⇨ ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄.

𝒅 𝟏
5. (𝐥𝐨𝐠|𝒙|) = 𝒅
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 15. 𝒅𝒙 (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙) = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙
𝟏
⇨ ∫ 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 |𝒙| + 𝒄. ⇨ ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙𝒅𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄.

𝒅 𝟏 𝒅 𝟏
6. 𝒅𝒙
√𝒙 = 𝟐√𝒙 16. 𝒅𝒙 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏
𝒙) =
𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
⇨ ∫ √𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐√𝒙 + 𝒄. ⇨∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏
𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝟏 𝒙𝟐

|𝒙|
7. ∫ 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 = |𝒙| + 𝒄 𝒅
17. 𝒅𝒙 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏
𝒙) = −
𝟏
𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
⇨ ∫− 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝒅
8. (𝒆𝒙 ) = 𝒆𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝒅 𝟏 𝟏
18. 𝒅𝒙 (𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙) = 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 𝒙
⇨ ∫ 𝒆 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆 + 𝒄. ⇨ ∫𝟏
𝟏
𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏
𝒙 + 𝒄.
𝒙𝟐

𝒅 𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒙
9. 𝒅𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂
= 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 (𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂)
= 𝒂𝒙
𝒂𝒙
⇨ ∫ 𝒂𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 + 𝒄.

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Standard types: 1:∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝑏 Standard types- 4: ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 𝑎 (𝑎 + )
2𝑎 𝑃𝑢𝑡
4𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑑
+ (𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) = 𝐴 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 𝐵
4𝑎 𝑑𝑥
𝑝 2𝑎𝑞 − 𝑏𝑝
𝐴= ,𝐵 =
2𝑎 2𝑎
I=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 1
⎧∫ 𝑑𝑥 = log +𝑐 =𝐴 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑑𝑥
⎪ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ tan + 𝑐.
⎨
⎪∫ 𝑑𝑥 = log +𝑐 = 𝐴 log(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
⎩ 1
+𝐵 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
Here X=(𝑎 + ) and 𝐴 =

Standard types- 5: ∫ √ 𝑑𝑥
Standard types: 2: ∫ √ 𝑑𝑥
To evaluate this integration,
we put
=∫ √ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑
(𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) = 𝐴 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 𝐵
⎧ ∫√ 𝑑𝑥 = sin ( ) + 𝑐. 𝑑𝑥
⎪ 𝑝 2𝑎𝑞 − 𝑏𝑝
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = sinh ( ) + 𝑐. 𝐴= ,𝐵 =
2𝑎 2𝑎
⎨ √
⎪∫ 𝑑𝑥 = cos ( ) + 𝑐.
⎩ √ ( )
∫√ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐴 ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥 +

Here X=(𝑎 + ) and 𝐴 = 𝐵∫√ 𝑑𝑥

1
= 2𝐴 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝐵 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
Standard types-
𝑥−𝑎 𝑏−𝑥
3:∫ √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑑𝑥 { 𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑥 }
𝑏−𝑥 𝑥−𝑎

I=∫ √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑑𝑥=

⎧ ∫ √𝐴 − 𝑋 𝑑𝑥 = √𝐴 − 𝑋 + sin ( ) + 𝑐.
⎪
∫ √𝐴 + 𝑋 𝑑𝑥 = √𝐴 + 𝑋 + sinh ( ) + 𝑐.
⎨
⎪ √𝑋 − 𝐴 𝑑𝑥 = √𝐴 − 𝑋 + cos ( ) + 𝑐.
⎩∫

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Standard types-6:
I=∫(𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞)√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑑𝑥
To evaluate this integration, we
put
𝑑
𝑃𝑢𝑡 (𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) = 𝐴 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝑑𝑥
+𝐵
𝑝 2𝑎𝑞 − 𝑏𝑝
𝐴= ,𝐵 =
2𝑎 2𝑎
2
𝐼 = 𝐴 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
3
+𝐵 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑑𝑥

Standard types- 7:
1
𝐼= 𝑑𝑥
(𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞)(√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
1
𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑡 (𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) =
𝑡

Standard types- 8:
I=∫ ( ) √
𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝐼 =
( )
∫ 𝑑𝑥
√

𝑝𝑢𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 𝑡

Standard types- 9:
1
𝐼= 𝑑𝑥
(𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞)(√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
Put x=

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Model-1: [𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰] 1
I = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 12
𝒙 𝟏
1. ∫ 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 Part-3
𝟑𝒙 𝟏𝟐
∴ ∫ 𝒂𝒙𝟐
𝒑𝒙 𝒒 𝑳
𝒅𝒙 𝑶𝑹 ∫ 𝑸 𝒅𝒙 add and sub =
𝒃𝒙 𝒄

Sol: =∫ 𝑑𝑥
[ ]
Part-1
{L = AQ’ + B}
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑥 + 1 =
𝐴(𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 12) … … … (1)
+𝐵 =∫ 𝑑𝑥

⇨𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(2𝑥 + 3) + 𝐵
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
√
⇨ 𝑥 + 1 = 2𝐴𝑥 + 3𝐴 + 𝐵

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 −
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒙
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆 ∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 +𝒄
𝑿𝟐 +𝒂𝟐 𝒂 𝒂
2A=1 ⇨A= ; 3A+ B=1

⇨B=1-3
= √ tan √

⇨B= -
= tan +𝑐
√ √

Part-2
Now

I=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1|

=𝐴 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 1 1 2𝑥 + 1
+ tan +𝑐
2√ √39
𝒇 (𝒙)
∴ ∫ 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c
I= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1|

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 12| + tan +𝑐

√ √

+B I (consider) … (2)

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑰]
𝟐𝒙 𝟓
2. ∫ 𝒅𝒙 Part-1 I = ∫√ 𝑑𝑥 Part-3
𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏𝟎

𝒑𝒙 + 𝒒 𝑳
∴ 𝒅𝒙 𝑶𝑹 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 𝑸
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( )
{ L = AQ’ + B }

𝑙𝑒𝑡 2𝑥 + 5 = { add and

𝐴(𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 10) 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 … (1) sub = }
+𝐵
2𝑥 + 5 = 𝐴(2𝑥 − 2) + 𝐵 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
( )

2𝑥 + 5 = 2𝐴𝑥 − 2𝐴 + 𝐵 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) 𝟑𝟐
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 −
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 +𝒄
2A=2⇨A= 1 -2A+B=5 √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒂

⇨B=5+(2A)

⇨B= 7 =sinh +𝑐

Part-2
Now ∴ ∫√ 𝑑𝑥
I=
[ ]
∫√ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √
𝑑𝑥

= 2√𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 10 + 7 sinh +𝑐
=1 ∫ √
𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵 ∫ √ 𝑑𝑥

𝒇 (𝒙)
∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝟐 𝒇(𝒙)+c
𝒇(𝒙)

= 2√𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 10+
𝐵 I (consider) … (2)

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

=
2√−𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 10+
BI (consider) … (2)

𝟓 𝒙
(𝒙 𝟐)(𝟓 𝒙)
𝒅𝒙
𝟓 𝒙
3. ∫ 𝒅𝒙 = ∫ 𝟓 𝒙 Part-1
I = ∫√ 𝑑𝑥 Part-3
𝒙 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
=∫ 𝒙𝟐 𝟕𝒙 𝟏𝟎
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
[ ]
𝒑𝒙 𝒒 𝑳
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 𝑶𝑹 ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒃𝒙 𝒄 𝑸
{ add and
Sol: { L = AQ’ + B } sub = }
Let 5 − 𝑥 =
𝐴(−𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 10) =∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑞 𝑛
+𝐵
5 − 𝑥 = 𝐴(−2𝑥 + 7) + 𝐵
= 𝑑𝑥
5 − 𝑥 = −2𝐴𝑥 + 7𝐴 + 𝐵

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 −
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆 = 𝑑𝑥

-2A= -1⇨A= ; 7A+ B=5

= 𝑑𝑥
⇨B=5-7A

⇨B= 5 − =
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝒄
√𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒂

Now Part-2

I=

∫√ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = sin +𝑐
√

=sin +𝑐

√
𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝟓 𝒙
∫ 𝒙 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 =
+ ∫√ 𝑑𝑥

√−𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 10 + sin +𝑐
𝒇 (𝒙)
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒇(𝒙)+c
𝒇(𝒙)

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

4. ∫
𝒙 𝟏
𝒅𝒙 ∴∫
𝒑𝒙 𝒒
𝒅𝒙 Consider:
𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒃𝒙 𝒄
PART-3
𝑳 I = ∫√ 𝑑𝑥
PART-1 ∴
𝑸
𝒅𝒙

=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝑹𝒖𝒍𝒆: 𝑳 = 𝑨𝑸’ + 𝑩

LET 𝑥 + 1 = [𝐴(𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) +
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝐵] 𝑒𝑞′𝑛

𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(2𝑥 − 1) + 𝐵
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 1 = 2𝐴𝑥 − 𝐴 + 𝐵

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − =∫ 𝑑𝑥
√
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆

2A=1⇨A= ; -A+B=1 𝟏 𝒙
𝟏
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 +𝒄
⇨B=1+ ⇨B= √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒂

PART-2
𝐼 = ∫√ 𝑑𝑥 =sinh √
+𝑐

=sinh +𝑐
√

=∫ √
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+1
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 −𝑥+1
√𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1

+ sinh +𝑐
√
= ∫ √
𝑑𝑥 + ∫ √ 𝑑𝑥

𝒇 (𝒙)
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝟐 𝒇(𝒙)+c
𝒇(𝒙)

= 2√𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1+ ∫ √ 𝑑𝑥

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑰𝑰] Consider: ∫ √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∴ (𝒑𝒙 + 𝒒) 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄𝒅𝒙

=∫ −2(𝑥 − − 3) 𝑑𝑥 add and
5. ∫(𝟔𝒙 + 𝟓)√𝟔 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
sub =
𝑠𝑜𝑙:
L=AQ’+B
=

∫ −2 𝑥 − + − − 3 𝑑𝑥
6𝑥 + 5 = 𝐴(6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥) 𝑒𝑞 𝑛(1)
+𝐵
⇨ 6𝑥 + 5 = 𝐴(−4𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵 = ∫ −2 𝑥− − − 3 𝑑𝑥

⇨ 6𝑥 + 5 = −4𝐴𝑥 + 𝐴 + 𝐵

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜 − = ∫ −2 𝑥− − 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆

-4A=6⇨A= A+B=5 = ∫ −2 𝑥− − 𝑑𝑥

⇨B=5 -
= ∫ √2 − 𝑥− 𝑑𝑥
⇨B=
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏
𝒙
Sub A, B in eq’’n (1) ∴ 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂

𝐼 = ∫(6𝑥 + 5)√6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
( ) /
= √2 − 𝑥− + sin /
=∫ (6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥) +
( ) /
√6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = √2 − 𝑥− + sin
+C
= − ∫(6 − 2𝑥 + 𝐼 = −(6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥) +
𝑥) √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √2
( )
− 𝑥− +
/
sin
+ √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝟑
{𝒇(𝒙)}𝟐
{𝒇(𝒙)}𝟏/𝟐 𝒇 (𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑 + 𝒄.
𝟐

𝟑
=− 𝟐 + √6 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

6. ∫(𝟑𝐱 − 𝟐)√𝟐𝐱 𝟐 − 𝐱 + 𝟏 𝐝𝐱 Consider:∫ √2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

Rule: (𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞) = 𝐴(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)′+B =∫ 2(𝑥 − + ) 𝑑𝑥

𝑠𝑜𝑙: 3𝑥 − 2 = [𝐴(2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) +
𝐵] 𝑒𝑞 𝑛(1) = ∫ 2[𝑥 − + + − ] 𝑑𝑥
⇨ 3𝑥 − 2 = 𝐴(4𝑥 − 1) + 𝐵

⇨ 3𝑥 − 2 = 4𝐴𝑥 − 𝐴 + 𝐵 =∫ 2 𝑥− + − 𝑑𝑥

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜
− 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐵. 𝑆 =∫ 2 𝑥− + 𝑑𝑥

4A=3 ⇨A= ; -A+B=-2⇨B= -2 +

⇨B= √
= ∫√2 𝑥− + 𝑑𝑥

I=∫(3x − 2)√2x − x + 1 dx 𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝒙
𝟏
∴ 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 +𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂

=∫ (2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) −
/
√2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥− + + sinh √ /

( ) /
= ∫(2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) √2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥- = 𝑥− + + sinh √

√2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 𝟑
I=𝟒 −

{𝒇(𝒙)}𝒏 𝟏
√ ( ) √
{𝒇(𝒙)}𝒏 . 𝒇 (𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = + 𝒄. 𝑥− + + sinh +
𝒏+𝟏 √

𝑐
𝟑
=𝟒 - √2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
= −
(4x − 1)√2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 − sinh +
√ √
𝑐

7. ∫(𝐱)√𝟏 + 𝐱 − 𝐱 𝟐 𝐝𝐱 (H/W)

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝟏
[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑽] ∫ 𝒅𝒙
(𝒑𝒙 𝒒) 𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒃𝒙 𝒄

𝟏
8. ∫ dx
(𝟏 𝒙) 𝟑 𝟐𝒙 𝒙𝟐

𝑠𝑜𝑙: Put (1+x) =

1
⎧ 𝑡=
⎪ 1+𝑥
⎪
⎪
1−𝑡
⇨ 𝑙𝑒𝑡 1 + 𝑥 = 𝑡 𝑥=
⎨ 𝑡
⎪
⎪
⎪𝑑𝑥 = − 1 𝑑𝑡
⎩ 𝑡2
∫( )√
𝑑𝑥

∫ (− 𝑑𝑡)

= −∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ) ( )

1 1
=− 𝑑𝑡 )(
3𝑡 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑡 − 1 − 𝑡 + 2𝑡) 𝑡

= −∫ 𝑑𝑡 1 2√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
√
𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑎
√
=−

=− 4 −1

=− =− +C

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝟏
9. ∫ dx
(𝟏 𝒙) 𝟑 𝟐𝒙 𝒙𝟐

𝑠𝑜𝑙:
1
⎧ 𝑡=
⎪ 1−𝑥
⎪
⎪
𝑡−1
⇨ 𝑙𝑒𝑡 1−𝑥=𝑡 𝑥=
⎨ 𝑡
⎪
⎪
⎪𝑑𝑥 = 1 𝑑𝑡
⎩ 𝑡2

=∫ ( )√
𝑑𝑥

=∫ ( 𝑑𝑡)

=∫ 𝑑𝑡
( ) ( )

=∫ ( 𝑑𝑡 )
)

1 2√𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
√ 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
=∫ 𝑑𝑡 = √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑎
√

= 4 −1 = =

+C

𝟏
10. ∫ dx(H/W)
(𝟏 𝒙) 𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝒙𝟐

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Model-2: integration of functions 𝟏

2) ∫ 4+5sinx 𝒅𝒙
which are rational in 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

I. If the integral of the from 𝒔𝒐𝒍: ∫ 4+5sinx 𝑑𝑥 =∫

𝟏 𝟏
∫𝒂 𝒃 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒐𝒓 ∫ 𝒂 𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒐𝒓
𝟏
∫ 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒄
𝒅𝒙
=∫
[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰] 𝒙
Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ;
𝟐
𝟏 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
1) ∫ 5+4cosx 𝒅𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 =
𝟐𝒕
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝟏 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝒔𝒐𝒍: ∫ 5+4cosx 𝒅𝒙
𝟐𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙 = ;
𝟏 𝒕𝟐

𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 =
=∫ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐
∫ 𝑑𝑡

=∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑡

=2 ∫ [ ]
𝑑𝑡
1 1 𝑥−𝑎
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = log +𝑐
=2 ∫ [ 𝑑𝑡 𝑥 −𝑎 2𝑎 𝑥+𝑎
]

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙
∴ ∫ 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒂
+c = log +𝑐

= tan +𝐶
= log
= tan +𝐶 .

= log +𝑐

( )
= log ( )
+𝑐

= log +𝑐

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝟏
4) ∫ 4cos x+ 3sin x 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
3) ∫ 𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝒙
Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟐
; 𝑠𝑜𝑙: ∫ 4cos x+ 3sin x 𝑑𝑥
Sol: I = ∫ cos x+ sin x+1 𝑑𝑥 𝟐𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙= ; 𝒙 𝟐𝒕
𝟏 𝒕𝟐 Let t = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ; 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 =
𝟐 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
=∫ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐 𝒅𝒙=
𝟐𝒅𝒕
; 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝟏 𝒕𝟐 𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝟐𝒕
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙=
𝟏 𝒕𝟐

=∫ =∫

= 2∫
= ∫[ ]
2𝑑𝑡
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡
( )

=− ∫ 𝑑𝑡
2 ( )
= 𝑑𝑡
2[1 + 𝑡]
=− ∫ 𝑑𝑡
= ∫[ ]
𝑑𝑡
𝟏 𝟏
= −𝟐∫ 𝟑 𝟐 𝟗
𝒅𝒕
𝟏 𝒕– 𝟏
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒙| + 𝑪 𝟒 𝟏𝟔
𝒙 𝟏 𝒅𝒕
= −𝟐∫ 𝟑 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐
𝒕
𝟒 𝟒
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|1 + 𝑡| + 𝐶
𝟏 𝒅𝒕
= 𝟐∫ 𝟓 𝟐
I= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶 𝒕
𝟑 𝟐
𝟒 𝟒

1 1 𝑎+𝑥
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = log +𝑐
𝑎 −𝑥 2𝑎 𝑎−𝑥

= log = log +𝑐

= log = log +𝑐

= log +𝑐

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝟏
5) ∫ sin x+√3cosx 𝒅𝒙 = log
√
+𝑐
√
Sol: ∫ sin x+√3cosx 𝑑𝑥
𝟏
6) ∫ 3cos x+ 4sin x+6 𝒅𝒙
Let 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡;
Sol: ∫ 3cos x+ 4sin x+6 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥=
𝒙
Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟐
𝑑𝑥= ;
𝟐𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐

cos 𝑥 = 𝟐𝒕
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐

𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
=∫
√

= 2∫ √ √
=∫
= 2∫− 𝑑𝑡
√
√ = 2∫
𝑎𝑑𝑑&𝑠𝑢𝑏
= 2∫[ ]
𝑑𝑡

= = = 2∫ 𝑑𝑡
√ × √
𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓 8 4
= =
2 3×2 3
= −√ ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√ √ √
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡

= −√ ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
= −√ ∫ 𝑑𝑡
( )
√
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
=√ ∫ 𝑑𝑡 ( )
( )
√ √
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√
( )
𝟏 𝟏 𝒂+𝒙
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 +𝑪 1 1 𝑥
𝒂𝟐 −𝒙 𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝒂−𝒙 ∴ 𝑑𝑥 = tan
𝑎 +𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
+𝑐
= √
tan √
+𝐶

√ √
=√ log +𝑐
.(
√
)
√ √
=√ tan √
+𝐶

√
= log +𝑐 =√ tan + 𝐶.
√
√

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝟏 𝟏
7) ∫ 5+4cos2x 𝒅𝒙 8) ∫ 2-3cos2x 𝒅𝒙

𝟏 𝟏
𝒔𝒐𝒍: ∫ 5+4cos2x 𝒅𝒙 𝒔𝒐𝒍: ∫ 2-3cos2x 𝒅𝒙

Let t = 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝒙) Let t = 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝒙)

𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙 = 𝒅𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐 𝟏 𝒕𝟐

𝟐𝒕 𝟐𝒕
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐 𝟏 𝒕𝟐

𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐 𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒙 =
𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐 𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐

=∫

=∫

=∫ =∫ [ ]
𝑑𝑡

=∫ =∫ [ ]
𝑑𝑡

=∫ [ ]
𝑑𝑡

∴∫
𝟏 𝟏
𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏 𝒙
+c =∫ (√ )
𝑑𝑡
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒂 𝒂

𝟏 𝟏 𝒙−𝒂
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 +𝒄
𝒙𝟐 −𝒂 𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝒙+𝒂
= tan +𝐶

√
( ) = log
√ √
= tan +𝐶

√
= log +𝑐
√ √

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑰]
𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
9) ∫ 4cosx+5sinx
𝒅𝒙 𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
4cosx+5sinx

Sol: Nr =A(Dr)’+B(Dr)
[ ] [ ]
Sol:2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 =∫ 4cosx+5sinx
𝑑𝑥
= 𝐴 [4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥]
(4cosx+5sinx) (4cosx+5sinx)
+𝐵 [4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ] =− ∫ (4cosx+5sinx) + ∫ (4cosx+5sinx) 𝑑𝑥

⇨ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= 𝐴 [−4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥] ∴ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄
+𝐵 [4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ] ∴∫
𝒇 (𝒙)
𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c
𝒇(𝒙)

⇨2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= −4𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 4𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
+ 5𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝐼 =− 𝑙𝑜𝑔|(4cosx+5sinx)| + 𝑥 + 𝑐.
⇨2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(−4𝐴 + 5𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(5𝐴 + 4𝐵)

𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑓
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥⇨5𝐴 + 4𝐵 = 2;
⇨ 5𝐴 + 4𝐵 − 2 = 0 … (1)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥⇨−4𝐴 + 5𝐵 = 3;
⇨−4𝐴 + 5𝐵 − 3 = 0 … . (2)

𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔(1)& (2)

5 4 -2 5
-4 5 -3 -4

( ) ( )
(𝐴, 𝐵) = ( )
, ( )

= , = ,

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝟗𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

10) ∫ 4sinx+5cosx 𝒅𝒙
=1 [4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥]
Sol: Nr =A(Dr)’+B(Dr) +1 [4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥]
9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝐴 [4sinx+5cosx]
+𝐵 [4sinx+5cosx ] ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sinx+5cosx
( ) [ ]
=∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇨ 9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 sinx+5cosx

= 𝐴 [4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥]
( sinx+5cosx) ( sinx+5cosx)
+ 𝐵 [4sinx+5cosx ] = 1∫ ( sinx+5cosx)
+ 1∫( sinx+5cosx)
𝑑𝑥

⇨9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= 4𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 5𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 4𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ∴∫
𝒇 (𝒙)
𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c
𝒇(𝒙)
+ 5𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
∴ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄
⇨9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(−5𝐴 + 4𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(4𝐴 + 5𝐵)
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|(4sinx+5cosx)| + 𝑥 + 𝑐.
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑓
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥⇨4𝐴 + 5𝐵 = 9
⇨ 4𝐴 + 5𝐵 − 9 = 0 … . . (1)

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥⇨−5𝐴 + 4𝐵 = −1

⇨−5𝐴 + 4𝐵 + 1 = 0 … . (2)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔(1)& (2)

4 5 -9 4

-5 4 1 -5

( )
(𝐴, 𝐵) = ,
( ) ( )

= , = [1, 1]

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

[𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 − 𝑰𝑰𝑰 = 𝑰 + 𝑰𝑰]

Nr =A(Dr)’+B(Dr)+K

𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝟕 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 7

11) ∫ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝟏
𝒅𝒙
= 𝐴 [cosx+sinx+1] +
Sol: 𝐵 [cosx+sinx+1] + 𝑘

Consider: = 𝐴 [– 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥]

+𝐵 [cosx+sinx+1] + 𝑘
I = ∫ cos x+ sin x+1 𝑑𝑥
= −𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝒙 +𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝐵 + 𝑘
Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ;
𝟐
⇨𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 7
𝟐𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒙= ;
𝟏 𝒕𝟐 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(−𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝐴 + 𝐵)
+ (𝐵 + 𝑘)
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
𝟏 𝒕𝟐 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓
𝟐𝒕
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ⇨𝐴 + 𝐵 = 1;
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
⇨ 𝐴 + 𝐵 − 1 = 0 … . . (1)

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ⇨−𝐴 + 𝐵 = 3;
⇨−𝐴 + 𝐵 − 3 = 0 … . (2)
=∫
And B+ k=7… (3)

=∫
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1) And (2)
1 1 1 -1 1
= 2𝑑𝑡 -1 1 -3 -1
[2 + 2𝑡]
( ) ( )
=∫ 𝑑𝑡 (𝐴, 𝐵) = ( )
, ( )
[ ]

𝟏
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒙| + 𝑪
= ∫[ 𝑑𝑡 𝒙 = ,
]

= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|1 + 𝑡| + 𝐶 = [−1, 2] Sub the value of B=2 in (3)

𝑘 =7−2=5

I = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

I=∫ cosx+sinx+1
𝑑𝑥

−1 [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 1] + 2 [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 1] + 5

= 𝑑𝑥
cosx+sinx+1

𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱 𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 𝟒
(cosx+sinx+1)′ 12) ∫ 𝟑𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱 𝐝𝐱
= −1 𝟒𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 𝟓
(cosx+sinx+1) 𝑠𝑜𝑙:
(cosx+sinx+1)𝑑𝑥
+2
(cosx+sinx+1) Consider:
5 I =∫ 𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑑𝑥
cos x + sin x +1
𝒙
Let t= 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ;
𝟐
𝒇 (𝒙)
∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c 𝟐𝒅𝒕
𝒇(𝒙)
𝒅𝒙= ;
𝟏 𝒕𝟐

𝟏 𝒕𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 =
∴ 𝟏𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒄 𝟏 𝒕𝟐

𝟐𝒕
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙=
𝟏 𝒕𝟐
=−1𝑙𝑜𝑔|(cosx+sinx+1)| + 2𝑥 +
5𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶
{fromI } =∫

𝐼=−1𝑙𝑜𝑔|(cosx+sinx+1)| + 2𝑥 +
=∫
5𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝐶

=∫

= ∫( )
2𝑑𝑡
𝟏 𝟏
∴ 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 = − + 𝑪
𝒙 𝒙

= 2[ ]

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Nr =A(Dr)’+B(Dr)+K I=
[ ] [ ]
∫ 𝑑𝑥
2sinx + 3cosx + 4
= 𝐴 [3sinx + 4cosx + 5]
+ 𝐵 [3sinx + 4cosx + 5] ( )
+𝑘 = ∫ ( )
+
( )
∫ ( )
v
= 𝐴 [3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥]
+ 𝐵 [3sinx + 4cosx + 5] + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
+𝑘
= 3𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 4𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 3𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
+ 4𝐵𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 5𝐵 + 𝑘
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(−4𝐴 + 3𝐵) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(3𝐴 + 4𝐵)
+ (5𝐵 + 𝑘)
𝒇 (𝒙)
∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c
𝒇(𝒙)
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ⇨3𝐴 + 4𝐵 = 3;
⇨ 3𝐴 + 4𝐵 − 3 = 0 … . . (1)
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|(3sinx + 4cosx + 5)| + 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ⇨−4𝐴 + 3𝐵 = 2; 2 −2
+
⇨−4𝐴 + 3𝐵 − 2 = 0 … . . (2) 5 tan +3
{From I }
5𝐵 + 𝑘 = 4 … … (3)

I= 𝑙𝑜𝑔|3sinx + 4cosx + 5| + 𝑥

+ +C
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 (1 )& (2)

1 x y
3 4 -3 3
-4 3 -2 -4
( ) ( )
(𝐴, 𝐵) = ( )
, ( )
= ,
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (3) ⇨ 5𝐵 + 𝑘 = 4
⇨𝑘 = 4 − 5
⇨𝑘 = 4 − = =

I= [3sinx + 4cosx + 5]
18 2
+ [3sinx + 4cosx + 5] +
25 5

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Model-3: REDUCTION FORMULAE Now

1) If 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙, then show that I =− + I

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒏 𝟏 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝐈𝒏 = − + =− + I
𝒏
𝒏 𝟏
𝒏
𝐈𝒏 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝐈𝟒 . =−

+ [− + I ]
Sol:I = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥=∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3
=− − + I
Here 𝑈 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 4 4 2 8

⇨ 𝑈′ = (𝑛 − 1) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) [I = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐]

V=sinx ⇨∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐

I =− − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐.
By using integration by parts

(𝑈𝑉)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − [𝑈′ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥

2) If 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙, then show that
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝟏 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝐈𝒏 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥.(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 𝐈𝒏 = 𝒏
+
𝒏 𝟏
− ∫(𝑛 − 1)𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 𝐈𝒏 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅𝐈𝟓, 𝐈𝟒 .
𝒏

Sol: I =
𝐈𝒏 =−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥=∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
+ (n-1)∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
Here 𝑈 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ⇨ 𝑈′ = (𝑛 −
1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
= ‘’ ‘’ + (n-1)∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
V=cosx ⇨∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
−(𝑛 − 1) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
By using integration by parts

I = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (𝑈𝑉)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − [𝑈′ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥

+(n − 1)I − (𝑛 − 1)I
𝐈𝒏 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥.(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
I + (𝑛 − 1)I =−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
+(n − 1)I − (𝑛 − 1)𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(−𝑠𝑖𝑛)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)]𝑑𝑥

I (1 + 𝑛 − 1)=−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
+(n − 1)I 𝐈𝒏 =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
+ (n-1)∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
I (𝑛)=−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + (n − 1)I

I =− + I =‘’ ‘’ + (n-1)∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥

−(𝑛 − 1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

3) Find the reduction formula for

I = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ∫ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙 and hence find∫ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟔 𝒙𝒅𝒙.
+(n − 1)I − (𝑛 − 1)I Sol: 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙

I + (𝑛 − 1)I =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 ( 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

+(n − 1)I
= ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
I (1 + 𝑛 − 1)=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
+(n − 1)I = ∫[𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 ]𝑑𝑥

I (𝑛)=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + (n − 1)I = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥

I = + I 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑡
Diff w.r.t.’x’
Now
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
I = + I

= + I I = ∫𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − I

= + [ + I ]
I = −I = −I

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 3

= + + I I = −I
4 4 2 8

[I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐] case(1): if n is even, I 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎI .

{I = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶}
I = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐.
case(2): if n is odd, I 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎI .
{I = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥| + 𝐶}

Now I = −I

= −I = −[ −I ]

= − +I

= − +[ −I ]

= − + −I

= − + −𝑥+𝐶

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

4) Find the reduction formula for 5) If 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙, then show that
∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙 and hence find∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟒 𝒙𝒅𝒙. 𝐈𝒏 = −
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒏 𝟐 𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒏 𝟐
+𝒏 𝐈
Sol: 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙 𝒏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒏 𝟐

Sol:I = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 =

= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
U=𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥⇨𝑢 = (𝑛 −
= ∫[𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 ]𝑑𝑥 2)𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)
V=𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 ⇨ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥𝑑𝑥
By using integration by parts
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 = 𝑡 Diff w.r.t.’x’ (𝒖𝒗)𝒅𝒙 = 𝑼 𝑽𝒅𝒙 − [𝑼′ 𝑽𝒅𝒙]𝒅𝒙
−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
I = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥
I = −∫𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − I
− ∫{(𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥)′ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥

I =− −I = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
– {(𝑛 − 2)𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
I =− −I
(tanx)} dx

I =− −I = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
−(𝑛 − 2) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
case(1): if n is even, I 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎI .
{I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶}
=𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
case(2): if n is odd, I 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎI . −(𝑛 − 2) ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥
{I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥| + 𝐶}
=′′
Now I = − −I −(𝑛 − 2) (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
− 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
=− − I =− − [− −
I ] =′′

=− + +I −(𝑛 − 2) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥

I = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − (𝑛 − 2)I

=− + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝐶 +(𝑛 − 2)I

I + (𝑛 − 2)I = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

+(𝑛 − 2)I

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

By using integration by parts

I (1 + 𝑛 − 2) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 +
(𝑛 − 2)I (𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − [𝑈′ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥

I (𝑛 − 1) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 +
(𝑛 − 2)I = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
– ∫{(𝑛 − 2)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑑𝑥 .
. (tanx)} dx
I = + I
.
Now I = + I = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
−(𝑛 − 2) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜 𝑡 𝑥𝑑𝑥
.
I = + I
. .
I = + { + I } =−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
−(𝑛 − 2) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥
I = +
4 8 1
3 =′′ − (𝑛 − 2) ∫(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 −
+ log|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥|
8 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
+𝑐
=′′
−(𝑛 − 2) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥+) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥
6) If 𝐈𝒏 = ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙, then show that
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒏 𝟐 𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒏 𝟐
𝐈𝒏 = − +𝒏 𝐈
𝟏 𝒏 𝟐
𝒏 𝟏 I = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 − (𝑛 − 2)I
+ (𝑛 − 2)I
Sol:I = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 I + (𝑛 − 2)I
= −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
U=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 + (𝑛 − 2)I
⇨𝑢
= (𝑛 − 2)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥) I (1 + 𝑛 − 2) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
V=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 + (𝑛 − 2)I
⇨ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑐
I (𝑛 − 1) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
+ (𝑛 − 2)I

I = + I

.
Now I = − + I

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

.
I =− + I =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
I =− − (𝑛
4
3 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
+ { − 1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
4 2 𝑚+1
1
+ I } ( )
2 = ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥

( )
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 = ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
I =− −
4 8 1
3 ( )
+ log|𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 − 𝑐𝑡𝑥| + 𝑐 = ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥(1 −
8
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

( )
= ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
( )
7) If ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒎 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙, then show that - ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝟏 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒎 𝟏 𝒙
𝐈𝒎,𝒏 = ( )
𝒎+𝒏 = ′′ + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝒏−𝟏
+ 𝐈 ( )
𝒎 + 𝒏 𝒎,𝒏 𝟐 - ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Sol:I = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ( )

I , =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − I , −
( )
=∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 I ,

= (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

( )
I , + I , =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 +
( )
I ,
Here 𝑈 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) ⇨ 𝑈′ = (𝑛 −
1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
I , (1 + )=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 +
( )
V=𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥⇨∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 I ,
∴f(x) =𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥, 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
⇨𝑉 = I , ( )=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 +
By using integration by parts ( )
I ,
(𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − [𝑈′ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥
I , ( )=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 +
I , =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥.∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 ( )
I ,
− {(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)′ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥}𝑑𝑥
( )
I , =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + I ,

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Model-4: Integration by using partial 3

=− log|(x + 3)|
fraction 13
3
𝟐𝒙 𝟑 + log|𝑥 + 2 |
1) ∫ (𝒙 𝟑)(𝒙𝟐 𝟒)
𝐝𝐱. 26
17 1 𝑥
Sol: + . tan +𝑐
𝟐𝒙 𝟑 13 2 2
Let (𝒙 𝟑)(𝒙𝟐 𝟒)
= +

( )( ) 3
= =− log|(x + 3)|
( )( ) 13
3
+ log|𝑥 + 2 |
⇨ (2x+3) = A(𝑥 + 4) + (Bx + C)(𝑥 + 26
3) … (1) 17 𝑥
+ tan +𝑐
Put x=-3⇨A= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 26 2

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑥

⇨A+B=0⇨B = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐱.𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱
2) ∫ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝐱 𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 𝟐
𝐝𝐱
Constant terms: 4A+3C=3
⇨3𝑐 = 3 + 4( ) 𝐒𝐨𝐥: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇨ −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
.
∫ dx = ∫ (−dt)
⇨3𝑐 = = ∴𝑐 = = −∫( (dt)
)( )

𝑙𝑒𝑡 ( )( )
=( )
+( )
∫( )( )
dx=∫ ( )
+ 𝑑𝑥

⇨ 𝑡 = 𝐴(𝑡 + 2) + 𝐵(𝑡 + 1)…..(1)

3 1
=− dx
13 x+3 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑡 = −1 ⇨ −1 = 𝐴(−1 + 2) +B (-
3 x 1+1)
+ dx
13 𝑥 +4 ⇨ 𝐴 = −1
17 1
+ dx
13 𝑥 +4 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑡 = −2 ⇨ −2 = 𝐴(−2 + 2) +B (-
𝟏 2+1)
𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠|𝒙| + 𝒄
𝒙 ⇨𝐵=2

3 −∫( (dt) = − ∫ +
=− log|(x + 3)| )( ) ( )
13
3 1 2x ( )
dt
+ ( ) dx
13 2 𝑥 +2
17 1 = ∫( dt − 2 ∫ ( dt = log|𝑡 + 1| −
+ dx ) )
13 𝑥 + 2
2 log|𝑡 + 2| + 𝑐
𝒇 (𝒙)
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙=𝒍𝒐𝒈|𝒇(𝒙)|+c
𝒇(𝒙)
= log|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 1| − 2 log|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2| + 𝑐
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙
∴ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒂 𝒂
+𝒄

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Integration by parts 4) Using integration by parts,

evaluate∫ 𝑒 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − [𝑈′ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥 Sol:”
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) 𝑑𝑥
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
3) 𝑺. 𝑻 ∫ √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 +𝒄 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 = sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) ⇨ 𝑢 =
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂

Sol: cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) 𝑏
Let 𝐼 = ∫ √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝑣=𝑒 ⇨ ∫𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
∫ 𝟏. √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠
ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 ⇨𝒖 = ∫(𝑢𝑣)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑈 ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥 − ∫[𝑈′ ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥]𝑑𝑥
𝟏 𝒙
(𝟎 + 𝟐𝒙) = 𝐼 = sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝑣 = 1 ⇨ ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 −
∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠

𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫
𝒙
. 𝒙𝒅𝒙 𝐼 = sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − ∫ {cos(𝑏𝑥 +
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝑐) 𝑒 }𝑑𝑥
𝒙𝟐 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑠
⇨𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑢 = cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) ⇨ 𝑢 =
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝟐 −sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)𝑏
⇨𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝑣=𝑒 ⇨ ∫𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
⇨𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ 𝒅𝒙 +
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝐼 = sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝒂𝟐
∫ 𝒅𝒙 ( ).
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 − ∫ sin 𝑑𝑥

⇨𝐼 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒙 − ∫ √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 + 𝐼=
( )
− 𝑒 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝟐 𝟏
𝒂 ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 − ∫𝑒 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) 𝑑𝑥

⇨𝐼 = 𝑥√𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝑰 + ( )
𝐼= − 𝑒 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝟏 𝒙
𝒂𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝒂
+𝒄
− 𝐼
⇨ 2𝐼 = 𝑥√𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝟏 𝒙 +𝒄 𝑏 𝑒 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝒂 𝐼+ 𝐼 =
𝑎 𝑎
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
− 𝑒 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
⇨𝑰 = 𝟐 √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝒂
+𝒄
𝐼 = 𝑒 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
− 𝑒 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
∴∫ √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 + 𝒄.
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂
asin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
∴𝐼=( ) −𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

Q.No: 21 & 22 INDIFINITE INTEGRATION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

=∫ ( ) ( )
𝑑𝑡
𝝅/𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
1. ∫𝟎 𝟗 𝟏𝟔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝒂 𝒙
𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡
∴∫ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 +𝒄
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = 𝒕 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝒂 𝒙

𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 . 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 ′𝑥 ′
(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝒅𝒕

𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 =
[ ]

⇨ 𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑜 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑜
= 0 − 1 = −1

𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = = log − log

⇨ 𝑡 = sin – cos
= − =0
√ √
= log 1 − log

And 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡 S.O.B

⇨ (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = 𝑡
= [0 − log 3 ]
⇨𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
−2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡

= [2 log 3]
⇨1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 𝑡
⇨ 𝟐
𝟏 − 𝒕 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙

= log 3
/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥

=∫ ( )
𝑑𝑡

=∫ 𝑑𝑡

=∫ 𝑑𝑡

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝟏 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏 𝒙) /
2. ∫𝟎 (𝟏 𝒙𝟐 )
𝒅𝒙 𝐼=∫ log 𝑑𝜃

𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡
𝐥𝐨𝐠( 𝒂/𝒃) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃
𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 ⇨ 𝜽 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏 [𝒙]
/ /
𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 . 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 ′𝑥 ′
𝟏
𝐼= log 2𝑑𝜃 − log(1 + tanθ) 𝑑𝜃
𝒅𝜽 = 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝒙𝟐

𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 ⇨ 𝜃 = 0
/
𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 1 ⇨ 𝜃 = 2𝐼 = log 2 ∫ (1)𝑑𝜃

( )
∫ log ( )
𝑑𝑥
/
2𝐼 = log 2[𝜃]

/
=∫ log(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
2𝐼 = log 2 −0

/
𝐼=∫ log(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)𝑑𝜃 .(1)
𝐼 = log 2
𝒂 𝒂

∴ 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙

𝟎 𝟎

/
𝐼=∫ log 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −𝜃 𝑑𝜃

/
𝐼=∫ log 1 + 𝑑𝜃

/
𝐼=∫ log 𝑑𝜃

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

2𝐼 = 𝜋[𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥] - 𝜋[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥]
𝝅 𝒙
3. ∫𝟎 𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙
Sol: 2𝐼 = 𝜋[𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜋 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛0]
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 ………. (1) - 𝜋[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜋 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐0]

𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
2𝐼 = 𝜋[0 − 0] - 𝜋[−1 − 1]

𝐼=∫
( )
𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = 2𝜋
( )

( )
𝐼 =𝜋
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 ………. (2)

𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)

𝐼+𝐼 =∫ 𝑑𝑥

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥

( )
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )( )
𝑑𝑥

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ − . 𝑑𝑥

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ [𝑠𝑒𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥]𝑑𝑥 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙. 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄

𝒔𝒆𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝝅 𝒙.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
4. ∫𝟎 𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙
Sol: 2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ . − 𝑑𝑥
.
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 ……. (1)
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ [𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥]𝑑𝑥
𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥. 𝑑𝑥
−𝜋 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

( ). ( )
𝐼=∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙. 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒄

𝐼=∫
( ).
𝑑𝑥 ……… (2) 2𝐼 = 𝜋[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥] - 𝜋 ∫ (𝑠𝑒𝑥 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥

𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2) 𝒔𝒆𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄 𝟏. 𝒅𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄

( ).
𝐼+𝐼 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋[𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜋 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐0] – 𝜋[𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥]
-𝜋[𝑥]
[ ]
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 𝜋[−1 − 1] - 𝜋[0 − 0] + 𝜋[𝜋 − 0]

[ ]
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = −2𝜋 +𝜋

( ) 𝐼= −𝜋
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )( )
𝑑𝑥

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝝅 𝒙.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
5. ∫𝟎 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 ⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑆𝑜𝑙:
.
Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 …… (1)
2𝐼 = 𝜋[tan 𝑡]
𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙

2𝐼 = 𝜋[tan (1) − tan (−1)]

( ). ( )
𝐼=∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥

2𝐼 = 𝜋 +
( ).
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 ……. (2)
2𝐼 = 𝜋 2. =𝜋 .

𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2) 𝐼=

( )
𝐼+𝐼 =∫ 𝑑𝑥

( )
𝐼 +𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥

2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇨ −𝑠𝑖𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡

𝑜𝑟
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙 = −𝒅𝒕

𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 ⇨ 𝑡 = 1 ;
𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 𝜋 ⇨ 𝑡 = −1

⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑡

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝝅 𝒙.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙
6. ∫𝟎 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 ⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑆𝑜𝑙:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐼 = = 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝒙.𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙
∫ 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
𝑑𝑥 … … … (1)

𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 ⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 1− 𝑑𝑡

( ).𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 ( )
𝐼=∫ ( )
𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = 𝜋[t − 2tan 𝑡]

( ).𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 ……. (2)
2𝐼 = 𝜋[−1 − 1] −
2𝜋[tan (−1) − tan (1)]
𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)

( )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = −2𝜋 + 2𝜋 +

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 [ ]
𝐼 +𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥 2𝐼 = −2𝜋 + 2𝜋

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑
= 𝜋∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼 = −𝜋 +

= (𝜋 − 2)
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇨ −𝑠𝑖𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑜𝑟
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙 = −𝒅𝒕

𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑡

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝑥 = −(1 − 𝑡 )𝑑𝑡

𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 0 ⇨ 𝑡 = 1 ; 𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 =
𝜋 ⇨ 𝑡 = −1

( )
⇨2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑡

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝝅/𝟐 𝒙
7. ∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝐼= ∫ (√ ) ( )
𝑑𝑡

𝑠𝑜𝑙: 𝟏 𝟏 𝒂 𝒙
/
∴ ∫ 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒙
+𝒄
Let 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 …. (1)

𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 √
2𝐼 = log
√ √

/ ( ) √ √
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼= log − log
( ) ( ) √ √ √

√
/ ( ) 𝐼= log|1| + log
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 √ √

√
/ 𝐼= log
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 …. (2) √ √

(√ )(√ )
𝐼= log (√ )(√ )
√

𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)

(√ )
𝐼= log
√ √
/
𝐼+𝐼 =∫ 𝑑𝑥
(√ )
𝐼= log
/ √
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝐼= log(√2 + 1)
√
2𝐼 = ∫ ( )
( )

2𝐼 = ∫ ( )

Let t= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ;
𝑑𝑥= ;
2𝐼 = 2 ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑡
cos 𝑥 =
𝐼= ∫ [ ( ) ( ) ]
𝑑𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥=

𝐼= ∫ ( ) (√ )
𝑑𝑡

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝝅/𝟐
8. ∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝐼=∫ (√ ) ( )
𝑑𝑡

𝑠𝑜𝑙: ∴ ∫ 𝒂𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠
𝒂 𝒙
+𝒄
/ 𝒙𝟐 𝒂 𝒙
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 … (1)
𝒂 𝒂
∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒂 − 𝒙)𝒅𝒙
√
2𝐼 = log
√ √

/ ( ) √
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 log
√
( ) ( ) 𝐼=
√ √
− log
√
/
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥 … (2)
√
𝐼= log|1| + log
√ √
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1) & (2)
√
𝐼= log
=∫ 𝑑𝑥 √ √

/ (√ )(√ )
+∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼= log
√ (√ )(√ )

(√ )
/ 𝐼= log
𝐼+𝐼 =∫ 𝑑𝑥 √ √

/ (√ )
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝐼= log
√

2𝐼 = ∫ ( ) 𝐼= log(√2 + 1)
√
( )

2𝐼 = ∫ ( )
Let t= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ;

2𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥= ;
( )

cos 𝑥 =
𝐼=∫ [ ( ) ( ) ]
𝑑𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥=
𝐼=∫ ( ) (√ )
𝑑𝑡

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝟗 𝟏
10. ∫𝟒 (𝟗 𝒙)(𝒙 𝟒)
𝒅𝒙.
𝟕 𝟕 𝒙
9. ∫𝟑 𝒙 𝟑
𝒅𝒙. 𝑆𝑜𝑙:
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑑𝑥 = 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃. 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑥 = 8𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃. 𝑑𝜃
𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 4 ⇨ 𝜃 = 0
𝐿. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 3 ⇨ 𝜃 = 0
𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 7 ⇨ 𝜃 = 𝑈. 𝐿: 𝑥 = 9 ⇨ 𝜃 =

7−𝑥 9 − 𝑥 = 9 − 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

= 7 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 9(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
= 7(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 9(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) − 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
= 7(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 5𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
= 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑥 − 4 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 4
𝑥−3 = 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 4(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
= 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 3
= 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 3(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) = 9𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 4(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)
= 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 3(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)
= 5𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
= 4𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝟗 𝟏
∫𝟒 (𝟗 𝒙)(𝒙 𝟒)
𝒅𝒙.
/
∫ 𝑑𝑥 =∫ 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃
√
/
=∫ 8𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃 /
== ∫ 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃

/
= 8∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
/
= 2[𝑥] = =π
𝝅/𝟐 𝒏 𝟏 𝐧 𝟑 𝐧 𝟓 𝛑
∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒏
.𝐧 .
𝟐 𝐧 𝟒
…𝟐 𝝅/𝟐
𝑰 = 𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝟏 𝒅𝒙

= 8. = 2π

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝒃 𝝅
11. 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∫𝒂 (𝒙 − 𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒃)𝒅𝒙 12. ∫𝟎 𝒙. 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟕 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝑆𝑜𝑙:
Sol: ∫ −(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏)𝑑𝑥 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼=∫ −[𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏]𝑑𝑥

∴ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
=
[ ] [ ]
∫ − 𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + − + 𝑎𝑏 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ (𝜋 − 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜋 − 𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 −
𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

[ ]
=∫ − 𝑥− − 𝑑𝑥 𝐼 = ∫ (𝜋 − 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ 𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 -
∫ 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=∫ − 𝑥− 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 −𝐼
𝟐𝒂 𝒂
𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝒙 ∴ ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝟏
∴ ∫ √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 =
𝟐
√𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 +
𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝒂
+𝒄

𝐼 + 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐚 𝐛 𝐚 𝐛
𝐱 𝟐 [𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝟏
𝐱 𝟐
𝐼= (𝒂 − 𝒙)(𝒃 − 𝒙) + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒃 𝒂 /
𝟐 𝟒.𝟐
𝟐 2𝐼 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐚 𝐛 𝐚 𝐛 /
𝐛 𝟐
(𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒃 − 𝒃) +
[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝟏
𝐛 𝟐 𝐼 = 𝜋∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒃 𝒂
𝟐 𝟒.𝟐
𝟐

𝝅/𝟐
𝐚
𝐚 𝐛
𝟐
(𝒂 − 𝒂)(𝒃 − 𝒂) +
[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝟏
𝐚
𝐚 𝐛
𝟐 ∫𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒎 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
− 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒃 𝒂
𝟐 𝟒.𝟐 (𝒏 𝟏)(𝒏 𝟑)(𝒏 𝟓)…(𝒎 𝟏)(𝒎 𝟑)…
=
𝟐
(𝒎 𝒏)(𝒎 𝒏 𝟐)(𝒎 𝒏 𝟒)…

. . . . .
[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐
(𝐛 𝐚)
[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐
(𝐚 𝐛) 𝐼=𝜋 . . . . . .
= 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐
𝒃 𝒂 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐
𝒃 𝒂
𝟖 𝟖
𝟐 𝟐

. .
𝐼=𝜋 . . .
=

[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝟏 [𝐛 𝐚]𝟐
= 𝟖
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 − 𝟖
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 (−𝟏)

[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝛑 [𝐛 𝐚]𝟐 𝛑 𝛑[𝐛 𝐚]𝟐

= 𝟖 𝟐
+ 𝟖 𝟐
= 𝟖

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

13. Find the area enclosed by the curves

𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒃𝒚 . = [8𝑎𝑏] − [64𝑎𝑏 ]
Sol:
Given eq’’n
= − = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥 ⇨ 𝑦 = √4𝑎𝑥 … (1)

𝒙𝟐 14. Find the area enclosed by the curves

𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝒃𝒚 ⇨ 𝒚 = … . . (2) 𝒚 = 𝟒 − 𝟐𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 .
𝑺𝒐𝒍:
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2) Given eq’’n

𝒙𝟐 𝑦 = 4 − 2𝑥 … . . (1)
√4𝑎𝑥 = S.O.B
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5𝑥 … (1)
𝒙𝟒
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)
⇨4𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥 − 5𝑥=4 − 2𝑥
⇨𝑥 - 3𝑥 − 4 = 0
⇨ 64𝑎𝑏 𝑥 = 𝒙𝟒 ⇨ 64𝑎𝑏 𝑥 − 𝒙𝟒 = 0 ⇨𝑥 +1x- 4𝑥 − 4 = 0

⇨ 𝑥(64𝑎𝑏 − 𝒙𝟑 ) = 0 ⇨𝑥(𝑥 + 1) − 4(𝑥+1) = 0

𝑥 = 4 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −1
𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 64𝑎𝑏
Required Area =∫ [(1)— (2)] 𝑑𝑥
/ /
⇨𝑥 = 4𝑎 𝑏 =𝑢
=∫ [4 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 5𝑥] 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ [4 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥
Required Area =∫ [(1)— (2)] 𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑥 + −

𝒙𝟐
=∫ √4𝑎𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 = 4[4 + 1] + [4 − (−1) ]-
[4 − (−1) ]
/
=∫ 2√𝑎𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
= 20 + (16 − 1) − (64 + 1)
/
√
= /
− = 20 + −

/ [𝑢 − 0 ]
= √𝑎 𝑢 −0 - =
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
= √𝑎 4𝑎 𝑏 −0 -

/ /
4𝑎 𝑏 −0

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

15. Find the area enclosed by the curves 16. Find the area enclosed by the curves
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒(𝟒 − 𝒙) . 𝒚 = 𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 .
Sol: 𝑺𝒐𝒍:
Given eq’’n 𝑦 = 4𝑥 ⇨ 𝑦 = Given eq’’n 𝒚 = 𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 … . . (1)
√4𝑥 … (1) 𝑦 = 𝑥 … (2)
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒(𝟒 − 𝒙) 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2)
⇨𝒚= 4(4 − 𝑥) … . . (2) 2−𝑥 =𝑥
2 = 2𝑥
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2) 𝑥 =1
𝑥 = ±1
4𝑥 = 𝟒(𝟒 − 𝒙) ∴ 𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −1
⇨𝑥 = 4 − 𝑥
⇨ 2𝑥 = 4
𝑥=2 Required Area =∫ [(1)— (2)] 𝑑𝑥
Sub x=2 in (1) =∫ [2 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = 4𝑥 = 4(2) = 8
= ∫ [2 − 2𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = √8 = ±2√2
Two parabolas are symmetric = 2𝑥 − 2
about X-axis
Required Area
= 2[1 + 1] − [(1) − (−1) ]
=2 ∫ (1)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (2)𝑑𝑥
= 4 − (1 + 1)

=2 ∫ √4𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 4(4 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

=4− =

/ / = 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
=2 2 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ (4 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

/ ( ) /
=4 /
+4 /

= 2 −0
/ /
- (4 − 4) − (4 − 2)

√ √
= 2√2 + 2√2 = +
√
= 𝑠𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

17. Show that the area of the region

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
bounded by 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟏 is 𝝅𝒂𝒃.also
deduce the area of the circle
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 .
Sol: Given eq’’n of the ellipse
+ = 1 … … . . (1)

⇨ =1−

⇨ = [𝑎 − 𝑥 ]

⇨ 𝑦 = [𝑎 − 𝑥 ]
⇨ 𝑦 = ± √𝑎 − 𝑥
Ellipse is symmetric about both the
axes. Required area =4 area of shaded
region

Area=∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 =4 ∫ √𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

=4 ∫ √𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
∴ ∫ √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 +𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂

𝐱 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒙
= √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂

𝐚 𝐚𝟐 𝟏 𝒂
= √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 −𝟎−𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂

𝐚𝟐
= 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 (𝟏)

= = 𝜋𝑎𝑏 𝑠𝑞 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
If a=b the ellipse becomes a circle
∴Area of the circle
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 .
is 𝜋𝑎. 𝑎 = 𝜋𝑎 𝑠𝑞 . 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Laq Q.No 23
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

1. Solve (𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 + (𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟑 )𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.

Sol: (𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.

( )
⇨ =− …….. (1)
( )

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥

( )
Eq’n (1) ⇨ 𝑣 + 𝑥 =−
( ) ( )

( )
⇨𝑣+𝑥 =−
( )

⇨𝑣+𝑥 =−

⇨𝑥 = −

⇨𝑥 =

⇨𝑥 =

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 By partial
fraction

Laq Q. No 24
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

⇨∫ ( )( )(
𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
)

+ − 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
( ) ( ) ( )

⇨ log|𝑣 + 1| + log|𝑣 − 1| − log|𝑣 + 1| = log 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐

√ √
⇨log = log(𝑐𝑥)

√ √ √
⇨ = 𝑐𝑥 ⇨ = 𝑐𝑥

⇨⇨ = (𝑐𝑥)
( )

( ) ( )
⇨ =𝑐 𝑥

⇨(𝑦 − 𝑥 ) =(𝑦 + 𝑥 )
Which is required general solution.

Laq Q. No 24
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

2. Given the solution of

𝒚
𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒚𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒅𝒚 Which passes through the
𝒙
𝝅
point (1, )
𝟒
Sol: xsin dx = ydx − xdy

⇨𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )𝑑𝑥

⇨ 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑥 ⇨ 𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑑𝑥

⇨ = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 … ..(1)

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 ⇨ =𝑣+𝑥

⇨𝑣+𝑥 = 𝑣 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑣)

⇨𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑣) ⇨ ∫ ( )
𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥

⇨ ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥

⇨ −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑣 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇨ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 Through the point (1, )

⇨ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔1 + 𝑐 ⇨ −1 = 0 + 𝑐 ⇨ 𝑐 = −1

∴ − cot = −𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 − 1

Laq Q. No 24
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

3. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝒅𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝟑
= .
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒚 𝟓

Sol: = =

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(2)

= …..(1)
( )

𝑙𝑒𝑡 (𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑣 ⇨ 1 − = ⇨ =1−

Now eq’’n (1) becomes

⇨1− = ⇨1 − =

⇨ =

⇨ =

⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣

⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
( )
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣
( )
⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ + 𝑑𝑣

⇨∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 + 𝑑𝑣

⇨𝑥 = 2𝑣 + log(𝑣 + 2) + 𝑐
⇨ 𝑥 = 2(𝑥 − 𝑦) + log(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) + 𝑐
∴ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + log(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) = 𝑐

Laq Q. No 24
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

4. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

(𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 + (𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎.
( )
Sol: = =

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(2)

( )
= …..(1)

𝑙𝑒𝑡 (2𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑣 ⇨ 2 + =

⇨ = −2
( )
Now eq’’n (1) becomes ⇨ −2=

⇨ = +2

⇨ =

⇨ =

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 3𝑑𝑥
( )
⇨∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 3𝑑𝑥
( )
⇨∫ + 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 3𝑑𝑥

⇨∫ 3𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 + 𝑑𝑣

⇨3𝑥 = 2𝑣 + log(𝑣 − 1) + 𝑐
⇨ 3𝑥 = 2(2𝑥 + 𝑦) + log(2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1) + 𝑐
⇨ 3𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + log(2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1) + 𝑐
∴ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + log(2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1) = 𝑐

Laq Q. No 24
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙 𝒚 𝟑
5. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 = .
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒚 𝒙 𝟏

Sol: 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 = [𝑎/𝑎′ ≠ 𝑏/𝑏′]

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(3)

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝑿 + 𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒀 + 𝒌

( ) ( )
= ⇨ = ( ) ( )

( )
⇨ = … (∗) 𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
( )

2ℎ + 𝑘 + 3 = 0 … (1)𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ + 2𝑘 + 1 = 0 … (2)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)& (2)
2 1 3 2

1 2 1 1

(ℎ, 𝑘) = , = − ,

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 (∗)𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

⇨ = is a homogeneous equation.

𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑉𝑋 ⇨ =𝑉+

⇨𝑉 + =
( )
⇨𝑉 + =
( )

( )
⇨𝑉 + =
( )

Laq Q. No 24
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

( )
⇨ = −
( )

⇨ = ⇨ =
( ) ( )

( )
⇨ =
( )

⇨− + 𝑑𝑉 = 2
( ) ( )

⇨− ∫ 𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝑑𝑉 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑋
( ) ( )

⇨ − log|1 + 𝑉 | − log|1 − 𝑉 | = 2 log 𝑋 + log 𝐶

⇨ log|1 + 𝑉 | + 3 log|1 − 𝑉 | = −4 log 𝑋 + log 𝐶

⇨ log(1 + 𝑉)(1 − 𝑉) = log(𝐶/𝑋 )

⇨(1 + 𝑉 )(1 − 𝑉 ) = {V= }

⇨ 1+ 1− =

( )( )
⇨ =

⇨(𝑋 + 𝑌)(𝑋 − 𝑌) = 𝐶

(ℎ, 𝑘) = − , 𝑋 = 𝑥 + ,𝑌 = 𝑦 −

⇨ 𝑥+ +𝑦− 𝑥+ −𝑦+ =𝐶

⇨ 𝑥+𝑦+ (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2) = 𝐶

(3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4)(𝑥 + −𝑦 + 2) = 3𝐶

This is the required solution.

Laq Q. No 24
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

𝒅𝒚 𝟑𝒚 𝟕𝒙 𝟕
6. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 = .
𝒅𝒙 𝟑𝒙 𝟕𝒚 𝟑

Sol: 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 = [𝑎/𝑎′ ≠ 𝑏/𝑏′]

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(3)

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝑿 + 𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒀 + 𝒌

=
( ) ( )
⇨ = ( ) ( )

( )
⇨ = … (∗)
( )
𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡

−7ℎ + 3𝑘 + 7 = 0 … (1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3ℎ − 7𝑘 − 3 = 0 … (2)

𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)& (2)
-7 3 7 -7

3 -7 -3 3

(ℎ, 𝑘) = , = [1,0]

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 (∗)𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

⇨ = is a homogeneous equation.

𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑉𝑋 ⇨ =𝑉+

⇨𝑉 + =
( )
⇨𝑉 + =
( )

Laq Q. No 24
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

( )
⇨𝑉 + =
( )

( )
⇨ = −
( )

⇨ =
( )

( )
⇨ = ⇨ =

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑉 = −7

⇨− + 𝑑𝑉 = −7
( ) ( )

⇨− ∫ 𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝑑𝑉 = 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑋
( ) ( )

⇨ − log|1 + 𝑉 | − log|1 − 𝑉 | = 2 log 𝑋 + log 𝐶

⇨ log|1 + 𝑉 | + 3 log|1 − 𝑉 | = −4 log 𝑋 + log 𝐶

⇨ log(1 + 𝑉)(1 − 𝑉) = log(𝐶/𝑋 )

⇨(1 + 𝑉 )(1 − 𝑉 ) = {V= }

⇨ 1+ 1− =

( )( )
⇨ = ⇨(𝑋 + 𝑌)(𝑋 − 𝑌) = 𝐶

(ℎ, 𝑘) = − , 𝑋 = 𝑥 + ,𝑌 = 𝑦 −

⇨ 𝑥+ +𝑦− 𝑥+ −𝑦+ =𝐶

(3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4)(𝑥 + −𝑦 + 2) = 3𝐶

This is the required solution.

Laq Q. No 24
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

7. 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

=
Sol: 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 = [𝑎/𝑎′ ≠ 𝑏/𝑏′]

𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝐷. 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(3)

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝑿 + 𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝒀 + 𝒌

=
( ) ( )
⇨ = ( ) ( )

( )
⇨ = … (∗)
( )
𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡

ℎ + 2𝑘 + 3 = 0 … (1)
𝑎𝑛𝑑
2ℎ + 3𝑘 + 4 = 0 … (2)
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)& (2)
1 2 3 1

2 3 4 2

(ℎ, 𝑘) = , = [1, −2]

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 (∗)𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

⇨ = is a homogeneous equation.

𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑉𝑋 ⇨ =𝑉+

⇨𝑉 + =

Laq Q. No 24
Differential equations
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2B

( )
⇨𝑉 + =
( )

( )
⇨𝑉 + =
( )

( )
⇨ = −
( )

⇨ =
( )

⇨ =

⇨∫ 𝑑𝑉 =

⇨ + 𝑑𝑉 =

⇨ ∫ 𝑑𝑉 − ∫ 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ 𝑑𝑋
√

√
⇨ . log − log|1 − 3𝑉 | = log 𝐶𝑋
( )
√ √

√
⇨ log − log|1 − 3𝑉 | = log 𝐶𝑋
(√ ) √

√
⇨ log − log 1 − 3 = log 𝐶𝑋
(√ ) √

√
⇨ log − log = log 𝐶𝑋
(√ ) √

𝑿 = 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒀 = 𝒚 + 𝟐
√ ( ) ( ) ( )
⇨ log − log = log 𝐶𝑋
(√ ) √ ( ) ( )

Laq Q. No 24
Differential equations
 VSAQ - IIB CIRCLE AIMS TUTORIAL
1. Find the centre and radius of circle
x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y - 96 = 0 4. If the centre of the circle x2 + y2 + ax + by - 12 = 0
sol: Given circle is x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y - 96 = 0 is (2, 3), find the values of a, b and the radius
centre = (-3, -4) of the circle.
Sol: Comparing x2 + y2 + ax + by - 12 = 0 with
Radius = g +f -c =  -3 + -4 +96 = 9+16+96
2 2 2 2
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c =0,
a
121  11 . 2g = a  g =
2
b
2. Find the centre and radius of the circle 2f = b f =
2
2
1 + m (x2 + y2) - 2cx - 2mcy = 0 (c > 0). c = -12.
Sol: Given equation of the circle is  -a -b 
Now centre (-g, -f) =  ,  = (2, 3)
2 2
1+ m (x + y ) - 2cx - 2mcy = 0
2 2 2
a = -4, b = -6.
 1+ m
2 Radius = g2 + f 2 - c = 4 + 9 + 12 = 5.
2c 2mc
x2 + y2 - x- y=0 8. 8. Find the equation of the circle passing
1 + m2 1 + m2 through (2, - 1) having the centre at (2, 3).
Coordinates of centre = (-g, -f) Sol: Given C = (2, 3), P = (2, -1)
 c mc  radius = r = CP =  2  2
2
  3  1  4
2

=  , 
 1 + m 1 + m2 
2
Equation of the required circle with centre
Radius = 2 2 C =(2, 3) = (x1 , y1) and the radius (r) = 4
g +f -c
Equation of circle is (x - x1)2 + (y - y1)2 = r2
(x - 2)2 + ( y - 3)2 = 42
c2 m2c 2 x2+ 4 - 4x + y2 + 9 - 6y = 16
= +
1 + m2 1 + m2 x2 + y2 - 4x - 6y - 3 = 0
9. Find the equations of the circle having line
c 2 (1 + m2 ) joining (-4, 3) (3, - 4) as a diameter.
= = c.
1 + m2 Sol: Equation of the circle with A (-4, 3) B (3, - 4) as
3. If x2 + y2 - 4x + 6y + c = 0 represent a circle end of diameter is
with radius 6 then find the value of c. (x - x1) (x - x2) + (y - y1) (y- y2) = 0
Sol: Given equation of circle x2 + y2 - 4x + 6y + c = 0 (x+4) (x - 3) + (y - 3) (y + 4) = 0
center c = (2, -3) Radius = 6 x2 - 3x + 4x - 12+y2 + 4y - 3y - 12 = 0
x2 + y2 + x + y - 24 = 0
2     3   c = 6 4 + 9 -c = 36
2 2

10. If one end of the diameter of the circle x2 +

c = 13 - 36 c = - 23. y2 - 2x + 4y = 0 is (3, -1), then find the other
end of the diameter.
4. If x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy - 12 = 0 represents a Sol: Centre of the circle x2 + y2 - 2x + 4y = 0 is C(1, -2)
circle with centre (2, 3) find g.f and its Let B() be the other end of the diameter
radius. through A(3, -1).
Sol: Centre of the circle
Here C is the midpoint of AB .
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy - 12 = 0 is (-g, -f) = (2, 3)
g = -2, f = -3 and c = -12  3 + α -1+ β 
 2 , 2  = (1, -2)
 
Radius = g2  f 2  c
3+α -1+ β
=1 = -2
  2     3     12  
2 2
= 4  9  12  5 . 2 2
3+=2 -1 +  = -4
 = -1  = -3.
Required point is (-1, -3).
:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS
 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL
16. Find the length of the tangent from (1,3) to
the circle x2 + y2 - 2x + 4y - 11 = 0.
11. Find equation of the circle which is concentric Sol: Here (x1, y1) = (1, 3) and
with x2 + y2 - 6x - 4y - 12 =0 and pasing S  x2 + y2 - 2x + 4y - 11 = 0
through (-2, 14).
Sol: Equation of a circle concentric with The length of the tangent is S11
x2 + y2 - 6x - 4y -12 = 0. is in the form of
1  3 21 43 11  1921211  9  3.
2 2
x2 + y2 - 6x - 4y +k =0 =
Since, it is passing through (-2, 14).
4 + 196 + 12 - 56 + k = 0. 17. If the length of the tangent from (2, 5) to the
156 + k = 0
circle x2 + y2 - 5x + 4y + k = 0 is 37 , then
 k = -156
Required equation of a circle find k.
x2 + y2 -6x - 4y - 156 = 0. Sol: x2 + y2 - 5x + 4y + k = 0, P(2, 5)

12. Obtain the parametric equations of the Given S11 = 37

circle. (x -3)2 + (y - 4)2 = 82. S11 = 37
Sol: Given circle is (x - 3)2 + (y - 4)2 = 82 22 + 52 - 5(2) + 4(5) + k = 37
Centre (h,k) = (3, 4), r = 8 k = 37 - 39
Parametric equations is k = -2.
x = h + r cos , y = k + r sin (0 <  < 2) 18. State the necessary and sufficient condition
x = 3 + 8 cos , y = 4 + 8 sin  (0 <  < 2) for x+ my + n =0 to be a normal to the
circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
13. Obtain the parametric equations of the Sol: The straight line x + my + n = 0 is normal to
circle x 2 + y2 - 6x + 4y - 12 = 0. the circle S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
A: For the circle x2 + y2 - 6x + 4y - 12 = 0,  the centre (-g, -f) of the circle lies
Centre (-g, -f) = (3, -2) on x + my + n = 0
(-g) + m (-f) + n = 0
Radius = g2 + f 2 - c = (-3)2 + 22 + 12 = 5 = r g + mf = n.
Parametric equations of the circle are 19. Find the polar of (1, -2) with respect to
x = -g + r cos , y = -f + r sin 0 <  < 2 x2 + y2 - 10x - 10y + 25 = 0.
x = 3 + 5 cos , y = -2 + 5 sin  0 <  < 2. Sol. Given x2 + y2 - 10x - 10y + 25 = 0......... (1)
point = (1, -2)
14. Obtain the parametric equations of the Equation of polar of P(1,-2) w.r.t. (1) is S1 = 0
circle. x2 + y2 = 4. xx1 + yy1 - 5(x + x1) - 5(y + y1) + 25
Sol: Given circle is x2 + y2 = 4 x(1) + y (-2) -5 (x +1) - 5 (y-2) + 25 = 0
Centre = (-g1 - f) = (0, 0) radius = r = 2 x - 2y -5x - 5 - 5y + 10 + 25 = 0
Parametric equations of the circle
x = - g + r cos , y = - f + r sin  - 4x - 7y + 30 = 0
x = 0 + 2 cos  y = 0 + 2 sin  4x + 7y - 30 = 0.
x = 2 cos   y = 2 sin (0 <  < 2)
20. Show that (4, -2) and (3, -6) are conjugate
with respect to the circle x2 + y2 - 24 = 0.
15. Find the power of the point P(2, 3) with
respect to the circle x2 + y2 - 2x + 8y -23 = 0. Sol: Given (x1, y1) = (4, -2) (x2 , y2) = (3, -6)
Sol: Given P(2,3) and S  x2 + y2 - 2x + 8y - 23 = 0 S  x2 + y2 - 24 = 0
S11 = (2)2 + (3)2 - 2(2) + 8(3) - 23 For conjugate points, S12 = 0
 4 + 9 - 4 + 24 - 23 = 10 x1 x2 + y1 y2 - 24 = 0
Power of P w.r.t.S = 0 is 10.
S12 = 4(3) + (-2) (-6) - 24 = 0
The given points are conjugate with respect
to the given circle.

:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS

 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL
21. Find the value of k if the points (1,3) and (2,
k) are conjugate with respect to the circle
x2 + y2 = 35.
Sol: Here (x1 , y1) = (1, 3), (x2, y2) = (2, k) and
S  x2 + y2 - 35 = 0 since the given points are
conjugate we have S12 = 0
x1 x2 + y1 y2 - 35 = 0
 (1) (2) + 3 (k) - 35 = 0
2 + 3k - 35 = 0
3k = 33 k = 11.

22. Show that the points (4,2) and (3, -5) are
conjugate points with respect to the circle
x2 + y2 - 3x - 5y + 1 = 0.
Sol: Let P(x1, y1) = (4, 2), Q(x2 y2) = (3, -5)
S  x2 + y2 - 3x - 5y + 1 = 0
3 5
S12 = x1 x2 + y1y2 - ( x + x2) - (y1 + y2) + 1
2 1 2
3 5
S12 = 4(3) + 2(-5) - (4 + 3) - (2 - 5) + 1
2 2
21 15
= 12 - 10 -  +1
2 2
6
=3-
2
=3-3
= 0.
P, Q are conjugate w.r.t. S = 0.

:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS

 VSAQ - IIB SYSTEM OF CIRCLES AIMS TUTORIAL
2
1. Find the angle between the circles 3. Show that the circles x2 + y2 + 4x - 2y - 11 = 0,
x2 + y2 - 12x - 6y + 41 = 0 and x2 + y2 - 4x - 8y + 11 = 0 intersect each
x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y - 59 = 0. other orthogonally.
Sol: Given circle x2 + y2 - 12x - 6y + 41 = 0 and Sol: The given circles x2 + y2 + 4x - 2y - 11 = 0
x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y - 59 = 0 x2 + y2 - 4x - 8y + 11 = 0
C1 = (6, 3), r1 = 36  9  41  4  2 g = 2, f = - 1, c = - 11
C2 = (-2, -3), r2 = 4  9  59  72 g = -2, f = - 4, c = 11
1
verify: 2gg + 2ff = c + c .
d = C1C2  2(2) (-2) + 2(-1) (-4) = -11 +11
-8 + 8 = 0
 6  2   3  3 
2 2
=  64  36  100  10
satisfies the condition
If  is angle between the circles The two circles cut each other orthogonally.
d2  r12  r22 4. Find k if the circles x2 + y2 - 6x - 8y + 12 = 0,
cos  
2r1 r2 x2 + y2 - 4x + 6y + k = 0 cut orthogonally.
Sol: Given circles x2 + y2 - 6x - 8y + 12 = 0
100  4  72 24 1
cos     x2 + y2 - 4x + 6y + k = 0
2.2.(6 2) 24 2 2
g = -3, f = -4, c= 12
  g| = -2, f| = 3, c| = k
cos   cos   
4 4 Given circles are cut orthogonal
 2gg  2ff   c  c 
2. Show that the angle between the circles
 2(-3) (-2) +2(-4) (3) = 12 + k
3
x2 + y2 = a2, a2 + y2 = ax + ay is .  12 - 24 = 12 + k
4
 k = -24
Sol: Given circles x2 + y2 = a2
x2 + y2 - ax - ay = 0 5. Find the value of k, if the circles x2 + y2 +4x + 8
C1 = (0, 0), r1 = a = 0 and x2 + y2 - 16y + k = 0 are orthogonal.
Sol: Given equation of circles
a a  a2 a2  2a2 a
C2 =  ,  , r 2 =   = = x2 + y2 + 4x + 8 = 0 and x2 + y2 - 16y + k = 0
 2 2  4 4 4 2
g = 2, f = 0, c = 8
 a 
2
a
2
a2 a2 2a2 a2 g  0, f   8, c  k
d2 =  0     0   =    Given circles are cuts orthogonal
 2  2 4 4 4 2
 2gg  2ff   c  c 
d2  r12  r22
cos    2(2)(0) + 2(0)(-8) = 8 + k
2r1 r2
 k+8=0
a2 a2  k = -8
 a2 
2 2   a2 1
 6. Find the equation of the radical axis of
cos  = a 2 .a 2 2
2 .a 2x2 + 2y2 + 3x + 6y - 5 = 0
2
3x2 + 3y2 - 7x + 8y - 11 = 0.
3 3 Sol: Given circles 2x2 + 2y2 + 3x + 6y - 5 = 0
cos  = cos  = .
4 4
3 5
S  x2 + y2 + x + 3y - =0
2 2
3x2 + 3y2 - 7x + 8y - 11 = 0
7 8 11
S  x2 + y2 - x+ y- =0
3 3 3

S T E M OF CIRCLES2. S Y S T E M :Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS

OF CIRCLES
 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL
The equation of radical axis of given circles is
S- S = 0
3 5 7 8 11
x2 + y2 + x + 3y - - x2 - y2 + x - y + =0
2 2 3 3 3
3 7  8  5 11 
    x   3   y     =0
 2 3   3   2 3

 9  14   9  8    15  22 
 
6 x   3 y 6 = 0
     
 23x + 2y + 7 = 0.
7. Find the equaiton of common chord of the
circles x2 + y2 - 4x - 4y + 3 = 0,
x2 + y2 - 5x - 6y + 4 = 0.
Sol: Given circles S  x2 + y2 - 4x - 4y + 3 =0
S  x2 + y2 - 5x - 6y + 4 = 0
equation of common chord is S - S = 0
 x2 + y2 - 4x - 4y + 3 - x2 - y2 + 5x + 6y - 4 = 0
x + 2y - 1 = 0

8. Find the equation of the common chord of

the pair of circles (x2 - a2) + (y - b)2 = c2,
(x - b)2 + (y - a)2 = c2 (a  b).
Sol: (x2 - a2) + (y - b)2 = c2,
S  x2 + a2 - 2ax + y2 + b2 - 2by - c2 = 0
S  x2 + y2 - 2ax - 2by + a2 + b2 - c2 = 0
(x - b)2 + (y - a)2 = c2
S  x2 + b2 - 2bx + y2 -2ay + a2 + b2 - c2 = 0
S  x2 + y2 - 2bx - 2ay + a2 + b2 - c2 = 0
The equation of the common chord is S - S = 0
x2 + y2 - 2ax -2by + a2 + b2 - c2 - x2 - y2 + 2bx +
2ay - a2 - b2 + c2 = 0
-2(a - b) x + 2(a- b) y = 0
x - y = 0.
9. Find the equation of the common tangent
of the circles x2 + y2 + 10x - 2y + 22 = 0,
x2 + y2 + 2x - 8y +8 = 0 at the point of contact.
Sol: Given circles S  x2 + y2 + 10x - 2y + 22 = 0,

S  x2 + y2 + 2x - 8y +8 = 0
Equation of the common tangent at the point of
contact is S - S = 0
x2 + y2 + 10x - 2y + 22 - x2 - y2 - 2x + 8y - 8 = 0
8x + 6y + 14 = 0 2
4x + 3y + 7 = 0.
:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS
 PARABOLA AIMS TUTORIAL
VSAQ - IIB
1 5 1 5
x1 + = x1 + =-
1. Find the equation of the parabola whose 2 2 2 2
focus is (1, -7) and vertex is (1, -2)
5 1 5 1
Sol: Vertex A(1, -2) = (x1, y1) = (h, k) x1 = - x1 = - -
2 2 2 2
Focus S = (1, -7) = (x2, y2) x1 = 2 x1 = -3
a = SA = |7 - 2| = 5 sub in (2) sub in (2)
y12 = 2.2 y12 = 2(-3)
since the y-coordinate of A, S are equal then axis y =4
2
y12 = -6
of the parabola is parallel to y-axis and y1 > y2. y1 = + 2 not possible
(2, + 2).
Equation of the parabola is (x - h)2 = -4a(y - k)
 Required points are (2, + 2).
(x - 1)2 = -20 (y + 2).
4. Find the coordinates of the points on the
2. Find the equation of the Parabola whose parabola y2 = 8x whose focal distance is
vertex is (3, -2) and focus is (3, 1). 10.
Sol: Given A(3, -2) = (x1, y1) = (h, k) Sol: Given parabola y2 = 8x .........................(1)
4a = 8
S(3, 1) = (x2 , y2) a=2
since x-coordinates of A, S are equal, the Let P(x1, y1) be the required point.
axis of parabola is parallel to y-axis and Focal distance is = 10
| x1 + a| = 10
y-coordinates is -2 < 1 (y1 < y2), |x1 + 2| = 10
x1 + 2 = + 10
The equation of parabola is (x - h )2 = 4a(y - k) x1 + 2 = 10 x1 + 2 = -10
x1 = 8 x1 = -12
a = |AS| = (3 - 3)2 - (-2 - 1)2 = 0+9 = 3 Sub in (1) Sub in (1)
 Equation of the parabola is y2 = 8(8) y2 = 8(-12)
= 64 not possible
(x - 3)2 = 4(3) (y + 2)
y=+8
(x - 3)2 = 12(y + 2). Required points are (8, + 8)

3. Find the co-ordinates of the points on the

parabola y2 = 2x whose focal distance is 1 
5. If  , 2  is one extremity of a focal chord
5 2 
. of the parabola y 2 = 8x, find the co-
2
Sol: Given equation of parabola ordinates of the other extremity.
y2 = 2x ------ (1) Sol: Given equation of parabola y2 = 8x --------- (1)
4a = 2 4a = 8
2 1 a=2
a= =
4 2 1 
Let P(x1, y1) be any point on (1) Given one end of focal chord  , 2  = (at12, 2at1)P
y12 = 2x1 ---------- (2) 2 
5 2at1 = 2
given focal distance of P =  2.2.t1 = 2
2
5  2t1 = 1
|x1 + a| =  t1 = 1/2
2
1 5 If the other end is Q(at22, 2at2)
x1 + = t1t2 = -1 (since PQ is a focal chord)
2 2
1 5 1
x1 + =+ t = -1
2 2 2 2
t2 = -2
Q = (at22, 2at2) = [2.(-2)2, 2.2.(-2)] = (8, -8)
:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS
 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL
6. Find the value of k, if the line 2y = 5x + k is m = 2, c = 2
a tangent to the parabola y2 = 6x.
a
Sol: Equation of parabola is y2 = 6x Condition for tangency : c =
4a = 6 m
a 4
6 3 = =2
a= = m 2
4 2 a
Given equation of tangent c=
m
2y = 5x + k
So (2) is tangent to (1)
5 k
y= x+ Coordinates of point of contact
2 2
 a 2a   4 2.4 
5 k  2 , m  =  (2)2 , 2  = (1, 4).
m= ,c= m   
2 2
a 9. Find equation of tangent and normal to the
Condition for tangency c = parabola y2 = 6x of the positive end of the
m
latus rectum.
3 Sol: Given parabola y2 = 6x .........................(1)
  4a = 6
k 2
= 5 6 3
2   a= 
2 4 2
3
k 3 L = (a, 2a)  ( , 3) is positive end of
= 2
2 5 latusrectum of parabola y2 = 6x.
6 3 
k=
5
. Equation of tangent at  ,3  to y2 = 6x is
2 
yy1 = 3(x + x1)
7. Find the equation of normal to the parabola
 3
y2 = 4x which is parallel to the line y - 2x + 5 = 0. y (3) = 3  x  
Sol: Given equation of parabola  2
y2 = 4x 3
4a = 4 y=x+
2
a=1 2y = 2x + 3 .............................(2)
Given line y - 2x + 5 = 0 since normal is perpendicular to tangent
y = 2x - 5 any line perpendicular to (2) is
Slope of line = 2 x + y + k = 0 ...........................(3)
Since normal is parallel to line
Slope of normal = 2 = m 3 
(3) passes through  ,3 
Equation of normal is y = mx - 2am - am3 2 
y = 2x - 2.1.2 - 1(2)3 3
y = 2x - 4 - 8 +3+k=0
2
y = 2x - 12
2x - y - 12 = 0. 9
k+ =0
2
8. Show that the line 2x - y + 2 = 0 is a tangent
9
to the parabola y2 = 16x. Find the point of k=
contact also. 2
Sol: Given equation of parabola y2 = 16x ------ (1) 9
4a = 16 equation of normal is x + y - =0
2
a=4
2x + 2y - 9 = 0.
Given equation of line 2x - y + 2 = 0
y = 2x + 2 ------------------------ (2)
:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS
 VSAQ - IIB HYPERBOLA AIMS TUTORIAL

1. Find the equation of the hyperbola whose 5

3. If the eccentricity of a hyperbola is
, then
foci are (+5, 0), the transverse axis is of 4
length 8. find the eccentricity of its conjugate
Sol: Foci = (+5, 0) = (+ ae, 0) hyperbola.
ae = 5
5
Sol: Given e = ,e =?
Length of transverse axis 2a = 8 4 1
a = 4
given ae = 5 1 1
formula e2 + e 2 = 1
4e = 5 1

5 1 1
e = + =1
4
 54 
2
e12
But b2 = a2(e2 - 1)
16 1
 25  + 2 =1
25 e1
= 16  - 1
 16 
1 16
9  e12 = 1 - 25
= 16  
 16  1 25 - 16
=9 e12 = 25
Equation of the hyperbola is
2 2
1 9
x y 2 =
- =1. e1 25
16 9
25
e12 =
2. If e, e1 are the eccentricities of a hyperbola 9
and its conjugate hyperbola, prove that 5
1 1 e1 = .
+ 2 =1. 3
2
e e1
x2 y2 4. Find the equations of tangents to the
Sol: Equation of hyperbola - = 1 --------- (1) h yp e r bo l a 3 x 2 - 4 y 2 = 1 2 w h i c h a r e
a2 b 2
parallel to the line y = x - 7.
a 2 + b2 Sol: Given equation of hyperbola 3x2 - 4y2 = 12
e=
a2
3x 2 4y 2 12
- =
equation of conjugate hyperbola to (1) is 12 12 12
2 2
x2 y2 x y
- - = 1 -------- (1)
= -1 ----------- (2) 4 3
a2 b2 a = 4, b = 3
2 2

a2 + b2 Given equation of line y = x - 7 -------- (2)

e1 =
b2 Slope of tangent = 1 = m
Equation of tangent is y = mx + a2m2 - b2
1 1
L.H.S = e 2 + e 2
1 y = (1) x + 4(1)2 - 3
1 1 y=x+1
+

= a2 + b 2
a2   a2 + b 2
b2  x - y + 1 = 0.

a2 b2 a2 + b2
= 2 + = 2 = 1.
a + b2 a2 + b2 a + b2

:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS

 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL
5. If 3x - 4y + k = 0 is a tangent to x2 - 4y2 = 5, 7. Find the product of the perpendiculars from
find the values of k. x 2 y2
Sol: Given equation of hyperbola x2 - 4y2 = 5 any point on the hyperbola - = 1 to
16 9
its asymptotes.
x 2 4y 2 5
- = x2 y2
5 5 5 Sol: Given equation of hyperbola - =1
16 9
x 2 y2 a2 = 16, b2 = 9
-
5
4  
5 =1 The product of perpendiculars from any point
a 2 b2
on the hyperbola to its asymptotes = 2
5 a + b2
a2 = 5, b2 =
4 (16) (9)
=
Given equation of tangent 3x - 4y + k = 0 16 + 9
144
4y = 3x + k = .
25
3 k 8. If the angle between the asymptotes is 300,
y= x+
4 4 then find its eccentricity.
condition for tangent: Sol: Angle between asymptotes  = 300
c 2 = a 2m 2 - b 2 2 sec-1(e) = 300
2 2
sec-1(e) = 150
k 3 5
    5    1
4 4 4 e = sec150 =
cos150
k2  9  5 2 2
  5   e=
16  16  4 3 1
k 2 45  20 2 2 3 1
  e= .
16 16 3 1 3 1
k2 = 25
k = + 5. e=
2 2  3 1 
3 1
6. Find equation of the normal of  = /3 to
the hyperbola 3x2 - 4y2 = 12.
e=
2 2  3 1 
Sol: Given hyperbola 3x2 - 4y2 = 12. 2
2 2
x y
4 3
 1 e= 2  3 1 =  6 2.
a2 = 4 b2 = 3
9. Define rectangular hyperbola and find its
a = 2, b = 3. eccentricity.
Equation of normal at  = 600 is Sol: If in a hyperbola the length of transverse axis (2a)
ax by is equal to the length of conujugate axis (2b), the
  a 2  b2 hyperbola is called a rectangular hyperbola.
sec  tan 
x 2 y2
2x 3y Equation of hyperbola  1
  43 a 2 b2
sec60 tan600
0

for rectangular hyperbola 2a = 2b

2 x 3 y a = b
  7
2 3 a2 + b2 a2 + a2 2a2
e=  = = 2.
x + y = 7. a2 a2 a2

:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS

 INTEGRATION AIMS TUTORIAL
VSAQ - IIB
 4 
1. Evaluate   x + 1+ x 2  dx .
 a
x
b
x

4    
  b a
Sol:   x + 1+ x
 dx 2
=   - 2x +   + c
 a b .
log   log  
1 b a
=  x dx  4  dx
1 x2
 ax bx 
x 2 =   x - 2 + x  dx
= + 4 tan-1 x + c.  b a 
2
x x
a b
  =    .dx - 2  1.dx +    .dx
1 2 b a
2. Evaluate   1- x 2
+  dx .
1+ x 
2

1+ cos 2 x
 1 2  5. Evaluate  1- cos2x dx .
Sol:   1- x2 + 1+ x 2  dx
1+ cos2 x
1 1 Sol:  1- cos2x dx
= 1- x 2
dx + 2 
1+ x 2
dx

= sin-1 x + 2 . sinh-1x + c. 1+ cos2 x

 dx
2sin2 x
3. Find  sec2x.cosec2 x. dx
1  1 cos2 x 
Sol:  sec x.cosec x. dx
2 2  2   sin2 x  sin2 x  dx
 
1 1
= ∫ dx   (cos ec 2 x  cot 2 x)dx
cos x.sin2 x2
2

sin2 x + cos 2 x   (cos ec 2 x  cos ec 2 x  1)dx

= ∫ dx
cos 2 x.sin2 x 1
   2cos ec 2 x   1 dx 
2
sin2 x cos2 x
 dx   dx 1
cos2 x.sin2 x cos2 x.sin2 x   2cot x  x  + c
2
1 1 x
=  dx   dx - cot x - + c.
cos x 2
sin2 x 2

=  sec2x dx +  cosec2x.dx
= tanx - cotx + c. 6. Find  1- cos2x dx .

Find ∫
(a x - b x )2
x x
dx . Sol:  1- cos2x dx
a b
x
(a - b ) x 2
=  2sin2 x dx
Sol: ∫ dx
axb x = 2  sin x dx

 (a x )2 - 2a x b x + (b x )2  = - 2 cos x + c.
=   dx
 axbx 

 (ax )2 2a x b x (b x )2 
=   x x - x x + x x  dx
 a b a b a b 

:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS

 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL
 1  x + x1
10. Find   1- 2 
e dx .
 x 
1
7. Evaluate  dx . 1
1+ cosx  1  x+ x
Sol:   1- 2 
e dx
1  x 
Sol:  1+ cosx dx 1
Put x + =t
1 1- cosx x
=  1+ cosx x 1- cosx dx   1
  1- x 2  dx  dt
1- cosx 1  cos x  
=  1- cos x dx = 2
sin2 x
dx
e
t
= dt
 1 cosx 
=  2  dx =e +ct
2 
 sin x sin x  -1
1 e tan x
=e x+
+ c.11. Evaluate  dx .
 (cos ec x  cot x cos ecx)dx
2 x
= 1+ x 2

 cos ec x dx -  cot x cos ecx dx

2 -1
= e tan x
= - cot x + cosecx + c.
Sol:  1+ x 2 dx
1
4 Put tan-1 x = t  dx = dt
sin x 1 x 2
8. Evaluate ∫ dx .
cos 6 x
 e dt
t
=
sin 4 x
Sol: ∫ dx -1
co s 6 x = et + c = e tan x
+ c.

s in 4 x 1 sin tan-1x
(

)
= ∫
cos4 x cos2 x
. dx 12. Evaluate  1+ x 2
dx .

= ∫ tan 4 x.sec 2 dx sin tan-1x

(

Sol:  1+ x 2 dx
Let tanx = t
sec2x. dx = dt. Put tan-1 x = t
=  t4.dt 1
dx = dt
1 x 2
t5 (tan x)5
= c  c .
5 5 =  sin t dt = -cost
log 1+ x = cos(tan-1 x) + c.
(

9. Evaluate  1+ x dx .
log 1+ x
(

Sol:  1+ x
dx

1
put log(1 + x) = t  dx = dt
1 x
t2
  t dt +c
2

log 1+ x 
2
(

 + c.
2

:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS

 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL

1
2x 3 16. Evaluate  x +3 x +2
dx .

)
13. Evaluate ∫ dx .
1+ x8
1
Sol: ∫
2x 3
dx
Sol:  x +3 x +2
dx

)
8
1+ x Put x + 2 = t2
2x 3
=∫ dx x + 3 = 1 + t2
1+ (x 4 )2 dx = 2t . dt.
Let x4 = t
4x3 . dx = dt 1
=  1+ t 2 ) t
2 t dt

(
dt
2x3 dx =
2
1 dt 1
=  . = 2 dt
1 + t2 2 1+ t 2
= 2 tan-1 t + c
1
tan-1 (t) + c
=
2 = 2 tan-1  
x  2 + c.
1
= tan -1(x 4 ) + c .
2 cosx + sinx
x 8
17. Find  1+ sin2x
dx .
14. Evaluate  dx .
1+ x18 cosx + sinx
x 8 Sol:  1+ sin2 x
dx
Sol:  1+ x18 dx
cosx + sinx
x 8 =  2
sin x + cos2 x  2sin x cos x
dx
=  1+ x9 ) 2
dx
(

cosx + sinx
Put x = t 9
 9.x dx = dt
8 =  sinx + cosx) 2
dx
(

dt cosx + sinx
 x8dx =
9 =  cosx + sinx dx
1 1
=  dt =  1 dx
9 1+ t 2
= x + c.
1 1
18. Evalaute ∫ dx .
= tan-1 (t) + c
9
sin x. 1- x 2
-1

1 1
=
9
tan-1 (x9) + c. Sol: ∫ dx
sin x. 1- x 2
-1

15. Find ∫ ex sin x dx. Let sin-1 x = t

1
Sol: ∫ ex sin x dx dx  dt
1  x2
eax 1
  eax sin (bx) dx = [a sin (bx) - b cos (bx)] + = dt
a  b2
2
t
c
 2 t c
ex
= [1.sin x -1.cos x] + c
12 +12  2 sin1 x  c .
ex
= [sin x - cos x] + c .
2
:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS
 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL

22. Evaluate  logx dx

(1+ x )ex
19. Find ∫ dx . Sol:  logx .dx =  logx. 1. dx
cos2 (xex )
u = logx, v = 1
(1+ x)e x
Sol: ∫ dx 1
cos2 (xex ) u  , v =  1.dx = x
let x ex = t x 
(1. ex + x. ex) dx = dt By using integration by parts  uv = u  v -  [u v]
ex(1 + x). dx = dt
1 1 
= dx = logx . x -   .x  dx
cos 2 t x 

=  sec 2 t.dt = x logx -  1.dx

= x logx - x + c.
= tan t + c
23. Evaluate  ex (tan x + sec2 x) dx.
 tan(xex )  c .
Sol:  ex (tan x + sec2 x) dx
f(x) = tan x, f (x) = sec2 x
1
20. Evaluate ∫ dx .
x log x log (log x) =  ex [f(x) + f (x) ] dx
1
Sol: ∫ dx = ex f(x) + c
x log x log (logx)
Let log (logx) = t
= ex tan x + c.
1 1
 . dx  dt
log x x
e
x
24. Evaluate s e c x + s e c x ta n x d x .
(

)
1
=  .dt
t
e secx + secxtanx dx
x
Sol:
(

= log |t| + c
= log |log(logx)| + c. f(x) = secx, f (x) = secx tanx
cot(log x)
e f x + f  x dx = ex f(x) + c
x
Evaluate ∫ dx
(
(
)
(
)

21.
x
= ex secx + c.
cot(log x)
Sol: ∫ dx 25. Evaluate  ex (tan x + log sec x) dx.
x
Let log x = t Sol:  ex (tan x + log sec x) dx
1 f(x) = log(sec x).
.dx = dt 1
x
f (x) = sec x tan x = tan x
sec x
=  cot (t) dt
= log |sin t| + c =  ex [f(x) + f (x) ].dx
= log |sin (log x)| + c.
= ex f(x) + c

= ex log (sec x) + c.

:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS

 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL

 xtan x dx .
-1
28. Evaluate
 1+ x log x 
26. Find  e x
x  dx .
 
 xtan x dx
-1
Sol:
 1+ x log x 
Sol:  e x 
x  dx 1
 
u = tan-1 x  u 
 1 x log x  1 x2
=  ex  + dx
x x  x2
1 
V=x   Vdx = 2
+c
=  ex   log x  .dx
 uvdx = u vdx   u v dx  dx
 x 
1
f(x) = logx, f (x) =
x x2 1 x2
=  ex [f(x) + f (x) ] .dx
= tan-1 x
x
-  1  x 2 2 dx
2
= ex. f(x) + c x2 1 x
= ex. logx + c.
=
2
tan-1 x -
2 1 x 2
dx

x2 1  1 
x  1+ x 
=
2
tan-1 x -
2
  1  1  x 2  dx

27. Evaluate ∫ e  2
dx .
 (2 + x)  x2 1
= tan-1 x - [x - tan-1 x] + c.
x  1+ x  2 2
Sol: ∫ e  2 
dx
 (2 + x) 
 2 + x - 1
=  ex  dx
29. Evaluate  xlogx dx
2
 (2 + x) 
Sol:  xlogx dx
 2+x 1 
=  ex  2
  dx 1
 (2 + x) (2  x)2  u = log x  u =
x
 1 1 
=  ex 
1
 2
dx 1
x2 2
 2 + x (2  x)  v= x   v  1  x 3/ 2
1 1 1 3
f(x) = ,f (x)  2
2x (2  x)2 by using integration by parts
=  e[f(x) + f (x) ]dx
=ex f(x) + c  uv  u v   (u v)
 1  2 3/ 2 1 2
= ex  +c = log x x   . x 3/2 dx
2+ x  3 x 3
2 3/2 2 3 1
= x log x   x 2 dx
3 3
2 3/2 2 1
= x logx   x 2 dx
3 3

2 3/2 2 x 3/2
x log x 
= 3 3 3
2

2 3/ 2 4
= x log x  x 3/ 2  c
:Aims: 3 9
TOP MOST 2 MARKS
 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL
30. Evaluate  x.sec2x dx.
DEFINTE INTEGRALS
Sol:  x.sec2x dx
2
u = x, v = sec2 x. 1 x
1. Find  dx .
u  1 ,  v =  sec2x .dx = tanx 0 1+ x
2

By using integration by parts  uv = u  v -  [u v]

2
1 x
= x. tan x -  (1.tan x). dx Sol:  dx
2
0 1+ x
= x tan x -  tan x . dx
= x tan x - log|sec x| + c. 1 1+ x2 -1
=  dx
2
0 1+ x
31. Evaluate  tan-1x dx.
Sol:  tan-1 x dx =  tan-1 x. 1. dx 1  1+ x2 1 
=   -  dx
u = tan-1x, v = 1 1+ x 
2 2
0
 1+ x
1
u  ,  v =  1.dx = x
1  x2 1  1
=  1-  dx
0 1+ x 
2
By using integration by parts  uv = u  v -  [u v]
1
1 =  x - tan x  0
-1
= tan-1x . x -  2 .x.dx
1 x
= (1 - tan-1 1) - (0 - tan-1 0)
1 2x
= x tan -1 x -  dx π
2 1 x2 =1- .
4
f (x)
  dx = log | f(x) | + c
f(x) 2
2
2. Evaluate  4 - x dx .
1 0
= x tan-1x - log |1 + x2| + c.
2 2
2
Sol:  4 - x dx
0

2
 2 
 x 4 - x 2 + 4 sin -1 x 
= 2 2 2
  0

2 2
= 4 - 22 + 2 sin-1  -
2 2

0 0
 4 - 02 + 2 sin-1 
 2 2
= (0 + 2 sin 1) - (0 + 2 . 0)
-1

π
=2. = .
2

:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS

 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL

3 2x 5
3. Find  dx . dx
2 1+ x 2 5. Evaluate 1 2 x -1
3 2x
Sol:  dx 5
2 1+ x 2 1
Sol:  2 x -1
dx
f(x) = 1 + x2, f (x) = 2x 1

5
f (x) 2 2x  1
 dx = log | f(x) | 
f(x) 2 1
3
= log 1+ x2   2(5)  1  2(1)  1
2

= log|1 + 32| - log|1 + 22|  9 1

=3-1
= log 10 - log 5
=2
 10 
= log   = log 2.
 5  4
6. Evaluate  | 2 - x | . dx .
2
π
4. Find  2 + 2 cos θ. dθ . 4
0 Sol:  | 2 - x | .dx
2
π
if 2 < x < 4, 2 - x < 0
Sol:  2 + 2 cos θ. dθ
0 |2 - x| = -(2 - x)
π 4
=  2(1 + cos θ). dθ =  -(2 - x).dx
0 2

4
π θ =  (x - 2).dx
=  2 . 2 cos 2 . dθ 2
0 2
4
θ
π  x2 
= 2  cos . dθ =  2 - 2x 
0 2  2
θ π θ  42   22 
(0 <  <  0 < < , cos > 0)
2 2 2 =  2 - 2. (4) -  2 - 2. 2
   
π θ
= 2  cos . dθ = (8 - 8) - (2 - 4)
0 2
= 0 - (-2) = 2.
  
π
 sin θ
2  2
=  1 
 2  0
π
  θ 
= 4  sin   
  2 0

 π 
= 4  sin - sin 0 
 2 
= 4(1 - 0) = 4.

:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS

 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL
π/ 2
sin2 x - cos2 x
7. Evaluate
π /2


sin x 5
dx 9. Evaluate  sin3 x + cos3 x
dx
0 sin x + cos 5 x
5
0
π/ 2
π/2 sin x-cos2 x
2

Sol: I=  5
sin 5 x
sin x + cos5 x
dx ............(1) Sol: I 
0 sin3 x+cos3 x
dx ...............(1)
0
a a

      f a  x  d x 
a a
f x d x =
  f (x)d x   f (a  x)dx 
0 0  0 0 
 
sin 5   X 
   
π/2 π/ 2 sin2   x  - cos2   x 
 2  2  2  dx
I=  5   5 
dx I     
0 sin   X   cos   X  0
sin3   x  + cos3   x 
2  2   2   2 
π/2
cos 5 x π/2
I=  dx _____________ (2) cos 2 x - sin 2 x
0
cos5 x  sin5 x I= 0
cos 3 x + sin3 x
dx ______________
(2)
(1) + (2)
π/2 π/2 (1) + (2)
sin 5 x cos 5 x
I+I=  sin x - cos5 x
5
dx +  cos 5 x + sin5 x
π/2
sin2 x- cos2 x
π/ 2
cos2 x - sin2 x
I +I   dx   dx
0 0

π/2 sin3 x+cos3 x cos3 x + sin3 x

sin 5 x + cos 5x 0 0
2I =  sin5 x + cos 5x
dx
π/2
0 sin2 x - c o s2 x + c o s2 x - sin2 x
π/2
2I  0 sin3 x + c o s3 x
dx
2I =  1 dx
0 2I=0
2 I =  x 0
/2
I=0
 
2I = I= π /2
2 4
 c os
11
10. Evaluate x dx
0
π/4 π /2

8. Evaluate 
0
s ec 4 θ dθ sol:  cos x dx
11

0
π/4
n  1 n  3 1 
Sol:  s e c 2 θ s e c 2 θ dθ π /2 
 n n  2
........... . , if n is even
2 2
0
 c o sn x dx = 
π/4 0  n  1 n  3 ........... 2 .1, if n is odd
=  s e c θ 1 tan θ  dθ
2 2
 n n2 3
0
put LL U.L substituting n = 11
 10 8 6 4 2 25 6
tanx = t when x = 0 when x=
4 = 11 . 9 . 7 . 5 . 3 .1  6 9 3

sec2x dx = dt tan 0 = t tan t
4 4 5
π/2
t=0  t=1 11. Find  sin x cos x .dx .
0
1

 1 t  d t
2 π/2
4 5
= Sol:  sin x cos x . dx
0 0
1
 t  1 4 3 4 2 1
 t    1   = . .
3 3 3 9 7 4 +1
 0
8
= .
315
:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS
 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL
15. Find area of under the curve. f(x) = cos x
2π
in [0, 2 ]
 sin
2
12. Evaluate x cos 4 x dx
0
Sol: f (x) = cos x on [0, 2 ]
The required area is
2π

 sin
2
Sol: x cos4 x dx
0 2

2π/4 A=  c o sx dx


2 4 0
 4 sin x cos x dx
0 /2 3 2
2

/ 2 =  c o sx dx   c o sx dx   c o sx dx
 sin
2 4
 4 x cos x dx 0 /2 3
2
3
  sin x 0   sin x  / 2   sin x 3 
0 /2 2
2

m = 2 n= 4 2

    3   3 
1 3 1     sin  sin0    sin  sin    sin 2  sin 
 4. . . .   2   2 2   2 
6 4 2 2 8
= (1 - 0) - ( -1 -1) +( 0 + 1)
= 1 + 2 + 1 =4 sq.units.
π/2
2 4
13. Find  sin x . cos x . dx . 16. Find the area bounded by the parabola y =
-π/2
x2, the x-axis and x = -1, x = 2.
π/2
2 4
Sol:Given y = x2, x-axis, x = -1, x = 2
Sol:  sin x . cos x . dx The required area
-π/2
2 2
f(x) = sin2x cos4x
=  | y|.dx =  y.dx  -1 < x < 2, y>0
f(-x) = sin2(-x) cos4(-x) -1 -1
2
= sin2x . cos4x = f(x) 2  x3 
=  x . dx =  
2
π/2
2 4
= 2  sin x . cos x . dx
-1  3  -1
0 1 3
= {2 - (-1)3}
3
1 3 1 π
=2. . . . 1
2+4 4 2 2 = (8 + 1) = 3sq.units
3
1 3 1 π π 17. Find the area cut off between x = 0, 2x = y2 - 1.
=2. . . . = .
6 4 2 2 16 Sol:Given x = 0 --------- (1), 2x = y2 - 1 --------- (2)
for P.I, Solve (1), (2)
14. Find the area under the curve 0 = y2 - 1
f(x) = sin x in [0, 2]. y2 = 1, y = + 1
Sol: f(x) = sin x, x  [0, 2] -1 < y < 1, x < 0
The required area is 1 1
2π The required area =  | x | .dy =  -x.dy
-1 -1
=  | sin x | .dx
0 y2 - 1
1
=  . dy
π 2π -1 2
=  sin x .d x +  -sin x.dx 11
0 π
=   (y2 - 1). dy
2 -1
=  -cos x 0 +  cos x π
π 2π
1
1  y 3 
= (-cos  + cos 0) + (cos 2 - cos ) = -  - y 
2  3   -1
= -(-1) + 1 + 1 - (-1) = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
1  1   (-1)3  
= 4 sq.units. = -  - 1 -  + 1 
2  3   3  
 2 
1  2 2
= - - -  = - 21  - 34   2
3 sq.units.
2  3 3 



:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS
 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL
a
18. F in d th e a r ea o f t he r eg i o n b o u n de d
b y y = x 3 + 3 , X - a xi s an d x = - 1 , x = 2 . 20. Evaluate 
0
a 2 - x 2 dx .
Sol: Given y = x3 + 3, X - axis
x = -1, x = 2 a

The required area Sol: 

0
a 2 - x 2 dx
2
=  | y | .dx a
-1 x 2 a2  x 
=  a  x2  sin1   
 2 2  a  0
2
=  y.dx, for  1  x  2, y  0  a2 1  a    a2 
=  0  2 sin  a   -  0  2 sin  0  
-1 1

2     
2
3  x4 
=  (x + 3) dx =  + 3x 
-1 4  1 a2
= sin1 1
2 4   (-1)4  2
=  4 + 3(2)  -  4 + 3(-1) 
   
a2  a 2
1  1 51 = .  .
= (4 + 6) -  - 3 = 13 - 4 = 4 sq.units. 2 2 4
4 

19. Find the area of the region bounded by the

8
x-axis, part of the curve y = 1+ and the
x2
ordinates x = 2 and x = 4.
8
Sol: Given y = 1+ ............(1)
x2
x = 2 and x = 4
For 2 < x < 4, y > 0.

The required area = y

2
dx
4

=  y dx
2
8
4

=  1+ x
2
2
dx
4
8
= x-
x 2

 8  8
= 4    2  
 4  2
= (4 - 2 ) - (2 - 4)
= 2 - (- 2)
= 4 sq. units.

:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS

 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL
4. Find the order and degree of the differential
1/ 3
1. Find the order and degree of  d2 y  xdy
1/2
6/5 equation x  2 + +y =0.
 d2 y   dy 3   dx  dx
 2  +    = 6y .
 dx   dx   1/ 3

1/2  d2 y  xdy
6/5 Sol: x  2 + +y =0
 d2 y   dy 3   dx  dx
Sol: Given equation  2  +    = 6y
 dx   dx   1/ 3
 d2 y  xdy
d2 y  dy 
3
x 1/ 2
 2  -y
 dx  dx
2 +   = (6y)5/6
dx  dx 
Order = 2, Degree = 1. 3
 d2 y   xdy 
x3/ 2  2     - y
 dx   dx 
2. Find the order and degree of the differential Order = 2 degree = 1.
1/ 4
 dy 1/2  d2 y 1/3  5. Find the order and degree
equation   +  2   = 0 .
 dx   dx    d3y 
2 2
 dy  x
 dy 1/2  d2 y 1/3 
1/4  3  - 3  - e = 4 .
 dx  dx
 
Sol: Given equation   +  2   = 0
 dx   dx   2 2
 d3 y   dy  x
1/2 1/3 Sol: Given equation  3  - 3   - e = 4 .
 dy   d2 y   dx  dx
 
 dx  + 2  = 0
   dx  Order = 3, Degree = 2.
1/2 1/3
 dy   d2 y  6. Form the differential equation
 dx  = - 2 
   dx  corresponding y = ae3x + be4x.
3 2
Sol: Given y = ae3x + be4x
 dy   d2 y  Differenting .w.r.t. ‘x’
 dx  = -  dx 2  y1 = 3ae3x + 4be4x
   
y2 = 9.ae3x + 16be4x
Order = 2 degree = 2.
by eliminating a, b from above
3. Find the order of the differential equation y e3x e 4x
2 5/3
2
d y   dy   y1 3e3x 4e 4x  0
= 1+    
2 . y2 9e3x 16e 4x
dx   dx  
5/3
  dy 2  d y
2 y 1 1
Sol: Given Differential equation is 2 = 1+    y1 3 4 0
dx   dx   
y2 9 16
cubing on both sides
3 5  y(48 - 36) - 1(16y1 - 4y2) - 11 (9y1 - 3y2) = 0
 d2 y    dy 2   y2 - 7y1 + 12y = 0.
 dx 2  = 1+  dx  
     
7. Form the differnetial equation
Order of the D.E. is 2.
corresponding to y = A cos 3x + B sin 3x,
Degree of the D.E. is 3.
where A and B are parameters.
Sol: Given y = A cos 3x + B sin 3x
Differentiating w.r.t. x,
dy
= -3A sin 3x + 3B cos 3x
dx
:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS
 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL

Differentiating again w.r.t. x, 11. Form the differential equation corresponding

2
d y to y = cx - 2c2, where c is a parameter.
2 = -9A cos 3x - 9 B sin 3x Sol: Given y = cx - 2c2 ---------- (1)
dx
= -9(A cos 3x + B sin 3x)
= -9y diff.w.r.to x.
Required differential equation is dy
d y
2 =c.1-0
dx
2 + 9y = 0.
dx
dy
8. Form the differential equation of the family c=
dx
of all circles with their centres at the origin Substituting in (1)
and also find its order.
2
Sol: Equation of circle iwth center (0, 0) dy  dy 
and radius r is y= x - 2  .
dx  dx 
x2 + y2 = r2 ...................... (1)
differenting w.r.to x
dy
dy 12. Solve = e x + y.
2x + 2y =0 dx
dx
dy
dy Sol: Given = ex + y = ex . ey
y +x=0 dx
dx dy
This is the D.E. whose solution is (1) = ex . dx
ey
The order of D.E is 1.
e-y . dy = ex dx
9. Obtain the differential equation
corresponding to family of rectangular on integration,
hyperbolas which have the coordinate
axes as asymptotes. -y x
 e dy =  e dx
Sol: The equation of family of rectangular hyperbolas
which have the coordinate axes as asymptotes is e-y
= ex + c
xy = c2 -1
Differenting with respect to ‘x’
ex + e-y + c = 0.
dy
x + y (1) = 0
dx 13. Find the integrating factor of
dy
 x + y = 0 is the required differential dy
dx + y tanx = sinx by transforming it into
equation. dx
linear form.
10. Find the order of the differential equation dy
obtained by eliminating the arbitary Sol: + y tanx = sinx
dx
constants a, b from xy = aex + be-x + x2.
Sol: Given xy = aex + be-x + x2 This is linear equation in ‘y’, in the form of
Differenting.wr.t ‘x’ dy
+ Py = Q.
dy dx
x +y = aex - be-x + 2x.
dx P = tan x
Again Differenting.wr.t. ‘x’
Integration of factor = ep dx
dy 2
dy dy
x 2 + (1) + = aex + be-x + 2. = etan x dx
dx dx dx
= elog|sec x|
d2 y 2dy
x + = xy - x2 + 2  sec x.
dx 2 dx
Hence the order = 2. :Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS
 VSAQ - IIB AIMS TUTORIAL

dy
14. Find the integrating factor of x -y=2x2 sec2 2x
dx
by transforming it into linear form.
dy
Sol: x - y = 2x2 sec2 2x x
dx
dy 1
- y = 2x sec2 2x.
dx x
This is linear equation in ‘y’, in the form of
dy
+ Py = Q.
dx
1
P= - , Integrating factor = eP dx
x
 e  x dx
1

 e-log x
1
 elog x
1
= x-1 = .
x
15. Form the differential equation
corresponding to the family of curves y =
c(x - c)2. where c is a parameter.
Sol: y = c (x - c)2 _____________ (1)
Differentiaing w.r.t. x
y1 = c2(x -c)
squaring on both sides
(y1)2 = 4c2 (x-c)2 _____________ (2)
 2 y12
gives c =
1 4y
Substituting in (1)
2
y12  y12 
y = 4y  x  4y  .
 

:Aims: TOP MOST 2 MARKS