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Smart Solar-Powered Smart Agricultural Monitoring System Using Internet of

Things Devices

Chapter · May 2021

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1011-0_10

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Chapter 9
Smart Solar-Powered Smart Agricultural
Monitoring System Using Internet
of Things Devices

Paras Patel, Anand Kishor, and Gitanjali Mehta

Abstract India is the fastest-growing big financial system in the world, with a
massive population, useful demographics, and excessive catch-up potential. In India,
agriculture is a primary activity, around two-third of India’s population remains
dependent upon agriculture. In developing nations, farmers aren’t using smart agri-
cultural technique but if they begin the use of smart agricultural technique with the
assist of this technique, they can produce good yield crops, wide range of develop-
ment on the agriculture, and can make superior amount of profit. To reduce long-time
expenditure in agriculture, use of renewable energy is important for that smart solar
is the primary energy which may be used.

Keywords Smart solar system · GSM module · Internet of things

1 Introduction

India is the speediest growing enormous economy on the planet, with a huge
populace, helpful demographics, and excessive catch-up potential. In essential area
of economy, exercises are attempted through on double utilizing common assets.
Farming, fishing, dairy, and other normal items are alluded to as so in light of the fact
that they shape the base of all particular item. Since limit of the characteristic time we
get is from farming, dairy, fishing, it is likewise called agriculture and unified area [1–
3]. Agriculture plays a fundamental capacity inside the Indian monetary framework.
More than 70% of the rustic families rely on farming. Agriculture is a significant

P. Patel · A. Kishor · G. Mehta (B)

School of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater
Noida, India
e-mail: [email protected]
P. Patel
e-mail: [email protected]
A. Kishor
e-mail: [email protected]

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 101
R. N. Shaw et al. (eds.), AI and IOT in Renewable Energy,
Studies in Infrastructure and Control,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1011-0_10
102 P. Patel et al.

Fig. 1 Smart solar system

area of Indian monetary framework since it makes commitments around 17% and
large GDP and gives work to more than 60% of the populace [4–6]. Agriculture is
the technology & artwork of cultivation of plants & domestic animal. Farming was
the evolution for development of mankind. For example,—Punjab, Haryana, Uttar
Pradesh. Figure 1 shows a smart solar system with the following specifications:
• Area—200 square feet
• Cost—2–3 Lakh
• Output—2.5 kw
• Average annual energy output—5000kwh
• Size of solar cell—156 mm by 156 mm
• Diameter—16 feet
• No. of slides—12
• Weight—400–450 kg.

2 Proposed System Design and Working Principle

Present-day farming is another and rising idea utilized in developing the yield of
a harvest with the aid of using advanced technology to help in conventional culti-
vating rehearses. Ideas, for example, exactness in Agriculture (PA), Internet of Things
(IoT), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), and many other techniques are utilized with
conventional framing to help in the profit of harvests, growing efficiency, and control-
ling of expenses. The purpose of the execution is to exhibit the smart and brilliant
9 Smart Solar-Powered Smart Agricultural Monitoring … 103

Fig. 2 System design

abilities of the microprocessor to permit the choices to be taken on irrigation of the

vegetation, checking the temperature of fields, soil moisture, and many more based
on the non-stop tracking of the ecological conditions in the field [7, 8].
Figure 2 shows the designed system. There are many different types of sensors
which are used in our system. These sensors are constantly observing the parameters
& forward it to the Arduino board for additional handling which goes about as an
IoT gateway. “This passage has been given the wireless service by putting in a GSM
module which will be updating the records to the cloud”. With the help of GSM
module, we can also able to operate our device over 2G and 4G networks.
The frameworks have been diverse in that the sensor hubs planned, utilized explicit
detecting units for tracking surroundings. In sensor hubs comprised of soil wetness,
temperature, air humidity, and laser sensors. In sensor hubs, the best effective is to
acquire a soil wetness sensor. In most of the gadget planned, hubs didn’t contain any
energy gathering gadgets, and as such could best effective capacity for a specific time
period earlier than the hub’s energy flexibility could need to be supplanted. In this
work, we expand on top of these recently published works, and furthermore exploit
the segments that take lead of the element present in the blueprint of a remote IoT
organization [9, 10].
Sensors networks have been geared up with photovoltaic panels for power harvest
to be able to rise the overall run-time of the network. When sensor information was
104 P. Patel et al.

Fig. 3 Assembled system

with components

estimated and conveyed to the objective, time stamps were set on the bundles and
stock, which would then be able to be explored later to decide any potential activities
that are expected to additional consideration of the yields [11, 12]. Figure 3 shows
the assembled system with different components.

3 Sensor Description

To gauge the particular ecological conditions needed in an agricultural positioning

framework, two kinds of sensors have been used:
(1) Soil wetness sensors

The Grove Soil Wetness Sensor is fit for estimating the dampness content material
inside the soil. This sensor was chosen as it can properly check the volumetrically
water contendent material inside the dirt in a roundabout way by utilizing the elec-
trical obstruction among the two pushes. This is helpful in rural frameworks, for the
explanation that through realizing the dampness levels inside the dirt, fields could best
need to be flooded when needed and will restrict the expansion of microorganisms
[2]. Figure 4 shows the assembled soil moisture sensors with equipment.
(2) Humidity and Temperature sensors
9 Smart Solar-Powered Smart Agricultural Monitoring … 105

Fig. 4 Assembled soil moisture sensors with other equipment

Figure 5 shows the assembled humidity and temperature sensor. Temperature and
mositure sensor can estimate the natural data with skimming point precision, up to
0.4° for temperature and 2% for comparable dampness. This sensor was chosen as
most extreme harvests will create the best yield while the temperature and dampness
are inside an ideal range. These estimations end up being fundamental in nurseries as

Fig. 5 Assembled humidity and temperature sensor

106 P. Patel et al.

Fig. 6 Connected router with model

open-air circumstances can altogether influence those inside the nursery. The ability
to control the circumstances can altogether help with inside the improvement of the
plants itself as most required definite temperature and mugginess stages at some
point of the different levels of growth [3–14]. Figure 6 shows the connected router
with model.
(3) Obstacle sensor

This sensor can work at the standard of sound waves and their appearance property. It
has two sections such as supersonic transmitter and supersonic recipient. Transmitter
communicates the 40 kHz sound wave and, on its gathering, it imparts the electric
sign to the miniature regulators. The speed of sound in air is now known.
Subsequently from time needed to get again the sent sound wave, the hole of
hindrance is determined. Here, it is utilized for impediment location if there should
be an occurrence of cell robot and as a development finder in product habitation
for halting burglaries. The supersonic sensor permits the robot to find and avoid
hindrances and furthermore to gauge the hole from the deterrent. The scope of activity
of supersonic sensor is 10–30 cm.
9 Smart Solar-Powered Smart Agricultural Monitoring … 107

4 Software Used

(1) Arduino IDE

When operating with the InduinoR3 Board, select the board as Arduino UNO from
the Tools Boards sequence and choose the Appropriate Com Port.
(2) AVR Studio Version 4

It is utilized to compose, manufacture, compile, and troubleshoot the implanted C

program codes that have been consumed in the miniature regulator to have the option
to perform wanted tasks. This software program promptly gives.hex file that can be
effortlessly consumed into the miniature regulator.
Proteus 8 Simulator
Proteus 8 is single of the extraordinary reenactment programming program for
different circuit designs of miniature regulator. It has virtually all miniature regula-
tors and computerized segments that are promptly accessible in it and along these
lines it far generally utilized test system. It might be utilized to check program and
embedded drawing for gadgets before genuine equipment examination. The simu-
lation of programming of micro-controller likewise can be completed in Proteus.
Simulation avoids the opportunity of harming apparatus because of inaccurate plan.
Figure 7 shows the program codes.
The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed system are as
Advantages
• Actual-Time Data & Productivity Insight
• Low Operation Expenses
• Increased Quality of Productivity
• Accurate Farming and Field Rating
• Third eye Monitoring
• Water Conservation
• Increasing renewable energy.

Disadvantages
• The Cost Involved in Smart Agriculture
• There could be wrong Analysis of Weather Conditions
• Reliability
• Increased channel maintenance.
108 P. Patel et al.

Fig. 7 Program codes

5 Conclusions

Smart Agricultural Field observing framework can assume a significant function in

Agricultural countries. Through this framework, soil condition can be monitored.
This framework can assist with continuing cultivation and accurately. This frame-
work forestalls the misuse of water. Some more sensors with more information
investigation should be possible as future work of this chapter. IoT sensors have high
efficiency and accuracy, so it is easy to obtain the direct data of ground wateriness
and warmth in agriculture field. The water stages indicator is used, so prevents the
waste of water and saves water; it helps the farmers to expand their production. By
forcing this framework, farming, plant lands, parks, gardens, golf courses can be
irrigated. Thus, this device is more affordable and proficient when contrasted with
various types of mechanization gadget. In huge scope applications, high sensitivity
sensors can be applied for huge regions of agricultural grounds.
 9 Smart Solar-Powered Smart Agricultural Monitoring … 109

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