c a =S5 Ly e SH Egic— _——— _—— ———Number. Systew, Operakions and co _ | N No Sus ke oo ae = A pana ie a set of yrabols used_ represen odues dereved fam : carmmm bore oy radix (v). Number_system con} be ‘classified toto four. major caheggr ie — a — Mdecimmal rhe sen ii) [ Finn um ber aisle _ 4 a) mber si uate 100) - ———— iv Se numba system _ a Number wilh_d\Fferent bases: ss 1 | Decimal | Binary | Oc tel | He xadecinud | Wase 40) | Coare 2) Chase 8) Chase £6) 0 0G00 Oo | L 0001 1 | 2 0610 Q 3 ooll a q Oloo | + 7 S Col 5 —f 6 _ Ollo 6 7 On J fp —__|| 2% 1000 } 1 a 49 tool | WA U3 )— Ci 3 fen, —— = Rectal Mumsber System: Toon decimal is ecg) fara bin prebie ceci_which means ten = Retimed number system has te Kanging | trom 0-4. Beceuse ful system has Yea diguit tk fs also called a bare ten number system oy —cenary num 2er_syshem. A_decimad num bex shail) -aluciys be wriflen with a subscripl 42 40” —— Opa. ___—— —2)| Binan wumber S jshemi ——s ; a TI ses hain digi namely ft and.0_to_vespect vepresent_numbers Onhthke tp” decimed numbers where the _phee, acs up in fahs of ten, in Binary styler the _plac® values incicarg bythe kuch of 2 Bioary number are_writky cA (XK), such as _(10tll,, ~ a Oka) Member Sysbens: _ —(onsist_of eight ciaiks rengnag tan _0-1. The place value of td 7 rumbers aes | yp in fackrs of etgld fea right to lef Th ts woviflen as (X )g Excmrp le: Qoiys4) Hexaceni ibe I The isa base _ number systers_ that _amsisk af ixleen egg From 0-9 and _letle« AE cab, _ _ vequivalent to do, Bo to NN oe 7 flab i apunalent lw 4s b ton ayslern| | The value of _hexaclecinn nurber = goa tf siileen. | A" heradecimal nupaher a be dahl ] _using 16 as a a 4 lether He to the ght’ ol Th the number | fr example: 448 can~ be written as (948%),, or 44H — i Lonvors ens arming ferent Warm ber Solem ferfmm the Bllowing_comecscn.— a a Uo, 2 _N, : 0) (noo = = No = \yoty 1x2 5 ox2+0x2' + x2 Fy a? ox’ + 1x 9° = 164+8 +otors) = 44+ o+24 =_(a5)i, —— de (Dio or & _ LOONUNO), = Nie 2° ixate ox 4+ 0x2 Fix ote V2 X224A Ax2e owe? = 128+04+60 +164+6+ 44240 a US8)0 te=—~ ™ LOONOI), = Moy _ _ : Ss > 1x24 ovate ix2%+ yz’ or2' + x22 —— }2 324+ 6+ 0+ 44+ Ot! 3 D> (45049 a _— {) (225)9 = N2 ) —> gj225 gfii2 —1 2|96 -o | —™ 2[2¢ —o 2Ul4 -o 2/7 =0 [| 60), = (1160100), 2U3 =! I=) (225 Ip = Ciito000)), (120 9c N : 21124 2[4 — 1 4 : AED —o | ee 2(% —o _ 2/% —o - 214 - o/ 2\(2 —- o | Vo] ~ (2Fo= (16000061) q | Gece -| U3Mp= C22 2 [I3T 2166 — 2(34 2{ 17 — of 2 2x 1e74 Sx 16! + Dx 16o 2 An2564 ex 16 + AO 2512+ 128 + jo =) (650). — - GA 24 @i_ UA es (22 4 = 2D GAB) C1010 19. A do J ouvt ___—*N0N0 L 256+ 1oxlo+ 256+ 160 +1) (427) 19 wrt [i Ge = AXIC AFI6 + BxIGeCAPR) ge C1101010n) (49Tio = (C2)ae Z 7 1) 197, _ 7 : 12-3 (497) 10 = (C5) ¢ oy C51 — C6S)w = (?)e = (Pee (Py ia Oo ale -1 — '=-0o Tess = Weg = Cisesea = Cag= ~ ©. (Wee Che. — | Z= on _ —— aaa ee _ eae Ve oo _ [0,7 e Crimtooi | ; — OO ae Gl 35g = Og an Bl 2S5_ To. 2SxKZ= 2H 240.2 t 4| 21-7 0.8xXC= 64=6404F = Ss -7 O.4xG= 32= B+O2 —_ TW G.2nge Ib=1+0.6 4 (255.25 Nyy SCR T226, | @|__( BF? <6 7.237) = CB) py _ 1 > 2x whe 6x80 17K Ad + 28S 12 ee 4 128+ 48+ 7+ 0254 0.0462 + Ga) j P (IRS 2098), oe _ ___¢ _ -Longleced— Comp lements Lure ] the intel cary, pL In order do sir des “subbezction | Pera and Ar fe ba ple maripulaans. fe a9 radiy =r _syetem Cracdjx ¥ vepacie : | 4 number systero). There are | du yp | caraple Be : as 9 Buf Gxplrant Beseniplimn a reelik complornend 4 F hachix. Ceonplernent | 's w 2 [Diminished hace - 1 Complement lh Ie. ae. The 1 cennyple ne nk ra number is This? p24 atl 1's db O's and eos. TV called kueme Ee We com y ple men. Excl fs Vs ce sem le lew__ Given numbers a: 204 | | 24 'scernpeenent: 6s ao tO TT 25 aamplement— = a Le The_2'5 camplemert of FL Lina nber_1s TP ablanea! bay acklng “ey I mare = gnybecaal Sad (sR) of 1'S_ complement _. he_nemmber ae 218 comp lynenk= 1's caeenl at — | Exeoapl ok 2's complement __ i Given number: 1 ¢@ f10f oo 15 complenunt! go 2 0 10 +2 _ g's complement atoid fost itoit — —o1o0t0 — 18 corplomont ofa tofo= 107107 — Lorio -gdoid a ~ OLL0 a ~ ; ‘Ans? 1000 te re eae ot WV Seentts cammplomren ke a ee a ~ Pgs eam plomeut2_y foN 3 rete = 10"-N _ — oo 10'S comphment of 93= |0?- 2% __ } = lo-23 = “ooo oo ais srnploment os by fhe aven Ln 7 /L cs YE Ale Lhe ‘ Plevna cue t+ - ts D'S zarmn errant =ly=1)— pi) Ir =% = (40°-P ~~ A's plerontl of 22= (o%-1) ~ 9% Sy = 76| Sebeherction 1s tng 10 _— 1aD _ _ | | 002 ee J _ | 10'3_complonent of 023 (50 4377 ardcarl { 07. - —_ TJ at ———-] = 772 = | Sub heels Dn Lesa gS epee _ | 162 ; - : “623 4's zamplerrent ok 0222 — ol - (8 1G9 -1)— Qa FIG -623 S76 +976023 5a _9 23 = Clo's comple mint of C wF-925) C1em-q25) Oy! ys faa 2923) al agic Cakes a - — | Bane neg aaah “wilh. variables “Tek | assure 9 diecre be atlas ae! wilh em | feat | assume. leycal precani, ly cath, | egital ehement- ct SD cori ban | aus) alive | have abogrc ir A ater 0" ex 2" a) Besiz Gales : bs ee Taba fy al ot i a pompuipr—are ee Tose Feria Hack 2 wk gals teat oneland ust pratt ™ jas J Ll, Oe. LE alate je geal vale hue ox LE. | We usually _conidler Shree baz uaetl oh a iS J De — : oe Z UW) OR ; a wi) NOT Geale (Inverley) ,ph “The Oh Gaker_perlorms Te alesis. additron zperatron, Uh Gale produces AAT ah TL cn tnpuch Fs heh, 8 | had Axpacd. Er DL mpl laa gfe Be akd to ef | Cem A SN Fe Are oe) Ee ee _Tul Table: ee Input Cat Rk 6 Oo |. _—| 7 _ oh — ! 1 ZI__NoT Gate :- _ _ The NOT Gohe performs lhe Boaleon oT eperahsn. Wher bre in ub bro, oulput 1 big when Mie Papi t hah tie_ont pub is “kno. A — Truly Table ae Ort put — FeAl | = [ A | ; . f 0AAYZ Sume_logiz Crreatt 7 xy jojE ? x 5s a universal gale isa gale whch i a) implement onl Boolean _ CAN? 6R, NST) a funchnn wilrouk need to use any ath em gate. | type. - “ ass li The universe gakes are: ee __4 ~__|_)_NAND Gate a a 4 WD New Geeke Ss — p/.wan Geis . vs the winbinabion af AND ~ output high if any of the inpud vs B ate an by a NaT gecke . oy low. pas ws Input Output | =]4 QI NOR Gate :- _ { : rs the sya bination of a ol gpl fled ; | by rT put low _F 4 any one Db Loe gaat high. e | Symbol : - fae i A A+B)! ___ a Truth table oe a 3 Tnpul [_dutpuk Sa be A B Fe (AtB)' - _# lh 0 | 6 1 a ! 0 ! 0 : F | O __ i : ip o _ y - a _ Ce — a Bl uzer] | & | Boolean Algebra: alyebra. TF was “TF te ako known as_ewilcling’ | ayebra. Th was in hoduced by Cooee Boole | ii 1854. 7 ore | ostidlates af Boglean Algeb a! vei 7 Boolean Algebyet ts closed under the AND, OR and NOT Gale ope ; | \ al eh \ Commulediv iby ;- The “AND) and +(6R) opevaksrs ae_commutabve_je A+B= b+H __ A* R= C*KA Distrs buh in ANDCs) and aQl+) opercdays are destyt bubbn lo me aber. Ax (R+C) = (A*R)+ CA*C) or At (BC) = (Ar R )«(Arc)ew every value of x thelr exist a value such baat x. =O - _xtxled _ Existence: | @ x.020 _@ x+le V2) Talons J @ z+l4x2) =(x+4) “4 — O alge) « Gula —1@_Demogan: oe | ex pressjons with moumur varias. age he prclyvicadl lye presen bat ob plicadt fobs ot _Raoleem ex presi — 4 K-map can take hud. feces a so & + fp axcnl2ty lo the vee). we feet _k-map” | In Th digikel crzult or 2 need to. tnd. bakes lbs —karnaugh _rap_can be used. oat hea representa nin berate i at ov. eon i _E- ee cn be a hwo, tes Vhree or four vari L alee _3 4 Rules :- Ee i)| Grup hala ce made thal nuak walain — th, one, hua, tou nrg Je or_tn tern 27. is ii Comep rity — Shore or vertical bub uN ug ingod. yh iii hb shield be ag og lange a ah possible poyp Groups meng _crnen | ky, w| The Grup Showld "be ay lange Pi possi be §no_al! grap —shadd be gual | 3kemap bor 2 varibles ANS oo F(AB)= €(0,|, 2,2) — yy Pm a te 6| feo, | 4 I —! 4 ~ —_ —_ = ARi+ An : = AOB a K-prep kr 3 vanables F(AI8C)= £( 4 bay, 2) a Bl sey ol el lo ef et Ti i / | if els] zsF(A,B,C)= El0 1 25,8) — a Nee or = ro — = Cir Ly a ea Kemap lor 4 vartable FE FOB.CDI25(92446,60,19)sie 52 coal a“ POs 4 | —— 3 — | FCAB,C) 2 7 (0,2,4,6) _ 3 I Q —fT AN op miu lo 4 —F er | 3[fod- - a: Pr aerile a Ss —| = Cc = - a - a > FOR Os 7 6,1,7, 3) _ Aap gt _ 4 a @ I (OaL Oh [fort af + s[LO]} « t+ B) (Bir) Don'b Gre _Cndisy FCA WO) = € CO 2,46) dé(A @O= € C715) A Stop ot tla Oo Th] x a xalft a) [tp sf X7[lesf 2d.t.c! = cl| FAB cys € 143,70, 12, 14) | d/ARGd> £15, 9,19, 18, )RE | Goralooaliorl loge Cran . binahional loc Ele > LSet ekg hee of diel lege 4 [cira'ts, were the cutywk rs a pure — | funchion of rE3EN aol j — | COVA oT Torrent ancsialy cb 'n "inpuk he legiz gates, ‘570’ cubput ver icbler. TD ket! _inpul” variables er are 2” passe wmbmeabon ak “hina values. For cathy peassible. baput Teams napbots Hyeny 1% oe and wait 2 wre. cutpud- combnakinn._ f tom byuetiom |T” LY ropa | Ee Creu t re ‘aclpock— , Ty pes_oF comb vnabional caval ee | Adder: ‘he embinatisaed crank uhiel, zed add (hianal gperahion 1 called adder! @ Hall- Adder ¥ pexlorms ie ok 2 bik is Call Wale adder. The cite} needs tuo puts and 2. eed ‘he input varrables aan be_ XB Y if3 aA ed and addend sacipechicehy, The fo a variables produce BUM? and Com Teh lable ke _hall- Heldey q xy + exer gurn($)_ | Gry Cc) q oo oO a o of | _ fo fp Oo] - if | dt 0 )] { _o 1 Kemnap lor_tuamn | Revnap Tar lary x 7 } 1 _ iy J : I 4 6 of Cl - mg oO} tf ul a4] + ee ia _2l mt 4 Suma xtyrxyl (C= xy = XxX@®Y _ a Crank dizgsern a = “4 =F i) Saele | Sess 1}