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Spring MVC

Spring MVC is a web framework that follows the Model-View-Controller architectural pattern, facilitating web development through a clear separation of concerns. It offers various benefits including integration with other Spring projects, support for RESTful applications, and flexible configuration options. Key components of Spring MVC include DispatcherServlet, Controller, Model, ViewResolver, and HandlerInterceptor, which collectively manage the request lifecycle and application functionality.

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Mohamed Ãm
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2 views

Spring MVC

Spring MVC is a web framework that follows the Model-View-Controller architectural pattern, facilitating web development through a clear separation of concerns. It offers various benefits including integration with other Spring projects, support for RESTful applications, and flexible configuration options. Key components of Spring MVC include DispatcherServlet, Controller, Model, ViewResolver, and HandlerInterceptor, which collectively manage the request lifecycle and application functionality.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Ãm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Spring MVC

(Model-View-Controller)

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What is Spring MVC?


Spring MVC is a powerful web
framework that is part of the Spring
ecosystem.

It is built on top of the Model-View-


Controller (MVC) architectural pattern.

Spring MVC simplifies web development


with its separation of concern and robust
and scalable capabilities.

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What is MVC Pattern?


MVC or Model-View-Controller pattern
is an architectural design approach that
organizes an application into three core
components: Model, View, and Controller.

Each component is responsible for a


distinct part of the application's
functionality:
Model:
Handles the application's data and
business logic. It manages tasks such as
data storage, retrieval, manipulation, and
enforcing business logic.

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What is MVC Pattern?


View:
Represents the user interface, responsible
for displaying data to the user. It
generates the visual representation of the
data managed by the Model, often using
technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript,
or formats like REST or SOAP.
Controller:
Serves as the mediator between the
Model and the View. It processes
incoming requests, manages user
interactions, and updates both the Model
and the View as needed. Additionally, it
determines the appropriate View to
present to the user.

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Benefits of Spring MVC


Spring Support

Since Spring MVC is a part of the Spring


ecosystem, it comes with all the benefits
of the Spring framework.
Spring Integration

Easily integrates with other Spring


projects like Spring Security and Spring
Testing.
Flexible Architecture

Supports multiple view technologies,


including JSP, Thymeleaf, and frontend
frameworks like React and Angular.
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Benefits of Spring MVC


Support for REST

Built-in JSON/XML serialization and


deserialization for developing RESTful web
applications.
Flexible Configuration

Spring MVC supports XML and Annotation


based configuration for cleaner and more
maintainable code.
Validation and Exception Handling

Includes robust validation mechanisms


and customizable error handling for user-
friendly experiences.
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Benefits of Spring MVC


Testability

Enhances unit testing with easy


dependency injection and mock
integration.

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Spring MVC Request Life Cycle

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Spring MVC Request Life Cycle


The DispatcherServlet receives the HTTP
request.
The DispatcherServlet dispatches the task
of selecting an appropriate Controller to
HandlerMapping. HandlerMapping selects
the controller mapped to the incoming
request URL and returns it to the
DispatcherServlet.
The DispatcherServlet dispatches the task
of executing the business logic of the
Controller to HandlerAdapter.
The HandlerAdapter calls the business logic
process of the Controller.
The Controller executes the business logic
and can return Model, ModelAndView,
String (view name), or Response Body.
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Spring MVC Request Life Cycle


The Controller returns the above types,
converts them to ModelAndView, and
returns to the HandlerAdapter.
The DispatcherServlet dispatches the task
of resolving the View corresponding to the
View name to ViewResolver.
The ViewResolver returns the View mapped
to the View name.
The DispatcherServlet dispatches the
rendering process to the returned View.
The View renders Model data and writes
the rendered output directly to the response
object.

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Key Components of Spring MVC


The following are the key components in
the Spring MVC architecture.
DispatcherServlet
WebApplicationContext
HandlerMapping
Controller and RestController
Model
ModelAndView
ViewResolver
View
HandlerInterceptors
HandlerExceptionResolver

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DispatcherServlet
The DispatcherServlet is the central
component in Spring MVC architecture. It
is designed around the Front Controller
pattern.

It acts as the main entry point for all


incoming requests to the Spring MVC
application.

Following are the key responsibilities of


the DispatcherServlet:
Manages the complete request-handling
workflow.

Receive all incoming HTTP requests and


parses information.
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DispatcherServlet
Collaborates with the HandlerMapping to
find the relevant controller for the request.

Work with the HandlerAdapter to invoke the


selected controller.

Collaborate with the ViewResolver to


determine the appropriate view for the
request.

Coordinates the view resolution process


and manages the view templates.

Coordinates with model data transfer to


the views.

Provides the centralized exception and


error handling process.

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WebApplicationContext
The WebApplicationContext extends the
plain ApplicationContext to support web
applications.

HandlerMapping
The HandlerMapping maps the incoming
requests to the specific controller
methods. It determines which controller
should be used for the given request URL.

Spring MVC provides several handler


mapping implementations such as
RequestMappingHandlerMapping.

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HandlerAdapter
Acts as a bridge between the
DispatcherServlet and the Controller. It
invokes the Controller picked by the
HandlerMapping. It allows the
DispatcherServlet to invoke methods on
the controller regardless of how the
controller is implemented.

Controller
The Controllers are special classes
annotated with the @Controller. The
controller is responsible for processing
user requests and returning the
appropriate responses.

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RestController
The @RestController is a specialized
version of the @Controller annotation used
for creating RESTful web services.

It combines @Controller and


@ResponseBody and automatically
serializes return objects in JSON or XML.

Model
The Model represents the data and
business logic of the application.

It encapsulates the data (using POJOs or


JavaBeans) used in the application. The
model is populated by the controller and
passed to the view for rendering.

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ModelAndView
The ModelAndView is a holder for both the
model and the view in a Spring MVC
application and is used by the controller
to return both model data and view name
to the DispatcherServlet.

ViewResolver
The ViewResolver maps logical view
names returned by controllers to actual
view implementations such as JSPs. It can
be configured via bean names or property
files.

Spring MVC provides multiple


implementations for ViewResolver such as
InternalResourceViewResolver,
ThymeleafViewResolver, etc.
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View
The View is responsible for rendering the
model data to the user. It receives data
from the model and presents it in the
given format. Spring MVC supports various
view technologies like JSP, Thymeleaf, and
FreeMarker.

HandlerInterceptor
The HandlerInterceptor performs
operations before and after a request is
processed by the controller. This is useful
for cross-cutting concerns like logging,
security checks, or modifying the model.

Spring MVC provides three main methods


for intercepting, preHandle(),
postHandle(), and afterCompletion().
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HandlerExceptionResolver
The HandlerExceptionResolver handles
exceptions thrown during the request
process. It provides a centralized
exception-handling mechanism and allows
developers to define custom responses or
views when exceptions occur.

This enhances the applications’ ability to


gracefully handle and report errors.

MultipartResolver
The MultipartResolver handles the file
uploads and parses multipart request data
making it easier to handle file uploads. It
supports various file upload libraries and
configurations.

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LocaleResolver
The LocaleResolver resolves the user's
locale to provide internationalization
support.
ThemeResolver
The ThemeResolver resolves the theme of
the application, allowing for dynamic
theme changes.

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