Introduction

To
utoCad

Norherlina Binti Mat Isa

Azliza Shah Binti Abidin
Nasrul Ifzan Bin Ismail

Electrical Engineering Department

INTRODUCTION
TO AUTOCAD
Norherlina Binti Mat Isa
Azliza Shah Binti Abidin
Nasrul Ifzan Bin Ismail
Managing Editor

Editor

Writer
Norherlina binti Mat Isa
Azliza Shah binti Abidin
Nasrul Ifzan bin Ismail

Designer
Norherlina binti Mat Isa
Azliza Shah binti Abidin
Nasrul Ifzan bin Ismail

Application Publisher and Development

Copyright © 2021.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or
mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in
critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted
by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the publisher
at the address below.

Publisher
Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah (PTSB)
Kulim Hi-Tech Park,
09090 Kulim, Kedah.

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 Alhamdulillah, thanks be to Allah SWT because with His bounty
and permission we were able to complete the AutoCad 2019
eBOOK successfully. Thank you to our family and friends at
Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah Electrical Department Polytechnic for
being the support team to complete this e-book. Finally, we would
also like to thank the “PTSB E-Book Team” and the technical team
who have guided us in completing this e-book. Hopefully with this
eBOOK you can gain a little knowledge and experience in
computer aided Electrical Drawing assisted drawing for
excellence. Alhamdulillah, thanks be to Allah SWT because with
His bounty and permission we were able to complete the
AutoCad 2019 eBOOK successfully. Thank you to our family and
friends at Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah Electrical Department
Polytechnic for being the support team to complete this e-book.
Finally, we would also like to thank the “PTSB E-Book Team” and
the technical team who have guided us in completing this e-book.
Hopefully with this eBOOK you can gain a little knowledge and
experience in computer aided Electrical Drawing assisted
drawing for excellence.

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 ABSTRACT
Computer Aided Electrical Drawing (AutoCAD)
The purpose of this e-book is to provide the knowledge and
experience needed by students in drawing objects using
AutoCAD software. Students can learn in brief the use of icons
found in AutoCAD 2019. There are 3 topics that need to be given
attention to give a clear picture of Autocad, are Introduction,
Basic Drawing Tool and Display Control. In this e-book will
provide valuable information with support diagrams to help
students more understanding in conducting their practical
laboratories. Finally, it is hoped that this book can benefit all who
want to deepen the knowledge of Computer Aided Design.

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 Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction To AutoCAD

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Advantages of autocad over
conventional technical drawing 1
1.3 Concept of Computer Aided Design (CAD) 2
1.4 Hardware Computer in Autocad Software 2
1.5 Autocad 2019 icon Menu 3
1.6 Create A new Drawing 4
1.7 Saving A Drawing 6

Chapter 2: AutoCAD Basic Drawing

2.1 Basic Drawing Tool 7
2.1.1 Line 7
2.1.2 Arc 8
2.1.3 Circle 12
2.1.4 Ellipse 15
2.1.5 Polygon 20
2.1.6 Polyline 22
2.1.7 Donat 22
2.2 Drawing Aids
23
2.2.1 Snap
23
2.2.2 Propertis Palette
24

2.3 Edit Commands

25
2.3.1 The Erase
26
2.3.2 The Move and Copy Command
27
2.3.3 Rotate
28
2.3.4 Break
28
2.3.5 Trim
29
2.3.6 Scale
29
2.3.7 Mirror
29
2.3.8 Array
30
2.3.9 Fillet and Chamfer
32
2.3.10 Offset
33
2.3.11 Polyline Edit ( P edit)
34

Chapter 3: Measure And Dimension

3.1 Measure 35
3.1.1 Distance 36
3.1.2 Area 36
3.1.3 Diameter and Radius 37
3.1.4 Angle 38

3.2 Dimensioning 38
3.2.1 Linear 39
3.2.2 Aligned 39
3.2.3 Angular 40
3.2.4 Diameter 40
3.2.5 Radius 41
Toturial 42
Exercise 48
References 50
 01

C H A P T E R

01
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD

1.1 Introduction
Computer-aided design (CAD) is computers aided
drafting and design software from Autodest Inc. It
to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or
optimization of a design.
CAD software is used :
To increase the productivity of the designer,
Improve the quality of design,
Improve communications through
documentation,
To create a database for manufacturing.

1.2 Advantages of autocad over conventional

technical drawing
❖ Improves the productivity, efficiency, and
accuracy of drawings
❖ Enables drawings to be created, checked, and
edited quickly
❖ Improves the quality of products
❖ Retains uniformity in reproduction
❖ Minimizes storage space

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1.3 Concept of Computer Aided Design (CAD)

Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of

computers (or workstations) to aid in the creation,
modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.
CAD software is used :Designs made through CAD
software are helpful in protecting products and
inventions when used in patent applications. CAD
output is often in the form of electronic files for
print, machining, or other manufacturing operations.
The term CADD (for computer aided design and
drafting) is also used.

1.4 Hardware Computer in Autocad Software

❖ Computer/ Laptop
❖ Keyboard
❖ Mouse
❖ Printer/Plotter

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1.5 Autocad 2019 icon Menu

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1.6 Create A New Drawing

1. Click Start Drawing - Click New

A new drawing is created for you based on the drawing template

selected.

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2. Set the LIMITS in AutoCAD
There are two methods of doing this.
1. Type Limits at the command prompt. OR
2. Click FORMAT LIMITS from the Pull-down menu (Autocad
Classic ).

Example
For A2 size

Command: limits
Reset Model space limits:
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0,0.0>: 0.0
Specify upper right corner <0.0,0.0>: 594,420

For A3 size
Command: limits
Reset Model space limits:
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0,0.0>: 0.0
Specify upper right corner <0.0,0.0>: 420,297

For A4 size
Command: limits
Reset Model space limits:
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0,0.0>: 0.0
Specify upper right corner <0.0,0.0>: 297,210

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 1.7 Saving A Drawing

Saving in AutoCAD File Format

1. On [File] menu, click [Export] - [Export to DXF File] / [Export
to DWG File].
2. [Export] dialog box will be displayed.
3. Select a saving location.
4. Enter a file name in [File Name] box.
5. Click [Save] button.
6. The drawing created in RootPro CAD will be saved as an
AutoCAD drawing file

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 02

C H A P T E R

02
 CHAPTER 2
AUTOCAD BASIC DRAWING

2.1 Basic Drawing Tools

In AutoCAD before drawing, we need familiar with
the user interface of AutoCAD and the basic tools. In
this chapter, we will learn how to make simple
drawings using the basic draw and modify tools
available in AutoCAD. Using these tools, you will be
able to make and modify the simplest of drawings in
AutoCAD.

2.1.1 Line
This is the most basic of the draw tools and one of
the most frequently used ones in the drawing
workflow. Line are creates straight line in drawing
area. With Line, can build object. Have 2 way use
line in AutoCAd
i. Line Command in ribbon panel

Figure 2.1 : Line

ii. Line Command in Command line

Figure 2.2 : Line Command

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2.1.2 Arc
An Arc is a segment of a quarter circle. It
combinations of center, endpoint, startpoint, radius,
angle, chord length, and direction values.

Figure 2.3 : Arc

Select the Arc tool from the Draw panel in the

Home tab. You can also use its command: ARC.

Figure 2.4 : Type of Arc

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i. Point

Figure 2.5 : Point

ii. Start, Center, End

It creates an arc using the start point, center point
and endpoint.

Figure 2.6 : Start, Center, End

iii. Start, Center, Angle

It creates an arc using the start point, center point
and included angle.

Figure 2.7 : Start, Center, Angle

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iv. Start, Center, Length
It creates an arc using the start point, center point
and length of chord.

Figure 2.8 : Start, Center, Length

v. Start, End, Angle

It creates an arc using start point, end point and
included angle.

Figure 2.9 : Start, End, Angle

vi. Start, End, Direction

It creates an arc using the start point, end point, and
starting direction.

Figure 2.10 : Start, End, Direction

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vii. Start, End, Radius
It creates an arc using the start point, center point
and length of chord.

Figure 2.11 : Start, End, Radius

viii. Center, Start, End

It creates an arc using start point, end point and
included angle.

Figure 2.12 : Center, Start, End

ix. Center, Start, Angle

It creates an arc using the start point, end point, and
starting direction.

Figure 2.13 : Center, Start, Angle

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x. Center, Start, Length
It creates an arc using the center, start point and
length of chord.

Figure 2.14 : Center, Start, Length

2.1.3 Circle
Select the Circle command from the Draw panel in
the Home tab, or you can also use its command, C.
In order for students to draw an circle, they can use
the Pull-Down Menu, Icon or Command Line. There
are 6 methods to draw an circle from the Pull-Down
Menu.

Figure 2.15 : Circle

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a. Center, Radius and Center, Diameter
i. Center and Radius

Figure 2.16 : Center and Radius

ii. Center and Diameter

Figure 2.17 : Center and Diameter

iii. 2P (Two Points)

Creates a circle based on two endpoints
of the diameter.

Figure 2.18 : Circle Two Point

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iv. 3P (Three Points)

Figure 2.19 : Circle Three Point

v. Tan, Tan, Radius

Figure 2.20 : Tan, Tan, Radius

vi. Tan, Tan, Tan

Creates a circle tangent to three objects.

Figure 2.21 : Tan, Tan, Tan

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To create circles, you can specify various
combinations of center, radius, diameter, points on
the circumference, and points on other objects. The
default method is to specify the center and the
radius. Three other ways to draw a circle are shown
below.

Figure 2.22 : Three Ways Draw Circle

2.1.4 Ellipse
An ellipse is defined as a curve that surrounds two
focal points. The shape of an ellipse is determined by
two axes determined by length and width. We can
also create an ellipse by defining two points on one
axis and an end point on the other axis.

Figure 2.23 : Ellipse

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Creates an ellipse or an elliptical arc.
The first two points of the ellipse determine the
location and length of the first axis. The third point
determines the distance between the center of the
ellipse and the end point of the second axis.

i. Center
Center method, the first axis is determined by the
center point and endpoint, while the second axis is
determined by the length. We can either determine
the point or distance value to create such ellipse.

Figure 2.24 : Center

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TOTURIAL 2.1 : CENTER

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ii. Axis, End
The Ellipse is formed by defining the three points
similar to above. The location and length of the first
axis is specified by the points 1 and 2, while the
distance between the center and the endpoint of
the second axis is specified by the point 3.

Figure 2.25 : Axis, End

iii. Elliptical Arc

The Elliptical Arc command is used to create an

elliptical arc.

Figure 2.26 : Elliptical Arc

The location and length of the first axis is specified

by the points 1 and 2, while the distance between
the center and the endpoint of the second axis is
specified by the point 3.
The fourth and fifth specified points are the start
and end angles.

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TOTURIAL 2.2 : ELLIPTICAL ARC

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Example ellipse show two different ellipses created
by specifying axis and distance. The third point
specifies only a distance and does not necessarily
designate the axis endpoint.

Figure 2.27 : Different Ellipse

2.1.5 Polygon
Polygons are closed geometries made with three or
more sides. The smallest polygon is a triangle and
the largest polygon is a circle, which is made up of an
infinite number of sides. In AutoCAD, you can make
a polygon with a minimum of 3 and a maximum of
1,024 sides.

Figure 2.28 : Polygon

Polygon is basically divided into 2:

i. Incribed in circle
A polygon is a shape drawn inside a circle. The order
used in making a polygon with vertices or angles
touching a circle is Inscribed in circle or shortcut
command for inscribing is I

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 Figure 2.29 : Incribed in circle
Specifies the radius of a circle on which all
vertices of the polygon lie.
Specifying the radius with your pointing device
determines the rotation and size of the polygon.
Specifying the radius with a value draws the
bottom edge of the polygon at the current snap
rotation angle.

ii. Circumscribed about circle

Use circumscribed polygon when you want to
specify the distance between the center of the
polygon and midpoint of each side.

Figure 2.30 : Circumscribed about circle

Specifies the distance from the center to the
midpoints of the edges of the polygon.
Specifying the radius with your pointing device
determines the rotation and size of the polygon.
Specifying the radius with a value draws the
bottom edge of the polygon at the current snap
rotation angle.

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2.1.6 Polyline
Creates a 2D polyline, a single object that is
composed of line and arc segments.
Drawing Polyline is more complex than drawing
Line. A single Polyline can be composed of a number
of a straight line or arc-segment. Polyline can also be
given line widths to make them appear solid.

Figure 2.31 : Polyline

Table 2.1 : Specify start point

2.1.7 Donut
This command draws a solid donut shape. Drawing
doughnut is a quick way to create filled-rings or solid
filled-circles. Creates a filled circle or a wide ring.

Figure 2.32 : Donut

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Donut consists of two arc polylines that are joined
end-to-end to create a circular shape. The width of
the polylines is determined by the specified inside
and outside diameters. If you specify an inside
diameter of 0, the donut is a filled circle.

Figure 2.33 : Diameter Donut

2.2 Drawing Aids

2.2.1 Snap
Snap mode restricts the movement of the crosshair
to intervals that are defined. When snap mode is on,
the cursor seems to adhere or snap, to an invisible
rectangular grid. Snap is useful for specifying precise
points with the arrow keys or the pointing device.
Restricts cursor movement to specified intervals.
The following prompts are displayed.
Snap Spacing - Activates Snap mode with the value
you specify.
On - Activates Snap mode using the current settings
of the snap grid.

Figure 2.34 : Snap

Off - Turns off Snap mode but retains the current

settings

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 Figure 2.35 : Invoking OSNAP

Figure 2.36 : Example of OSNAP in Drawing

2.2.2 Properties Palette

The properties palette is an essential tool. For
properties palette can open with the PROPERTIES
command ( enter PR in the Command window ) or

Figure 2.37 : Palette

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 Figure 2.38 : Properties Palette

The properties palette display a list of all important

property setting like
Color
Layer

2.3 Edit Commands

AutoCAD drawings are rarely completed simply by

drawing lines, circles etc. Most likely you will need to
Modify these basic drawing objects in some way in
order to create the image you need. AutoCAD
provides a whole range of modify tools such as
Move, Copy, Rotate and Mirror. As you can see, the
command names are easily understandable. Perform
editing operations such as erase, move, and trim on
the objects in a drawing.

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The most common of these tools are located on the
Modify panel of the Home tab.

Figure 2.39 : Edit Commands

2.3.1 The Erase

The erase command is used to remove or delete

objects from the drawing, as shown in the below
image.

Figure 2.40 : Erase

No 1 and 2 are the numbers of the selected objects.

The selected objects can also be removed with the
help of the 'Delete' button on the keyboard

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2.3.2 The Move and Copy Command

The move command in AutoCAD is used to move

objects at a predetermined distance and direction.
There are 4 steps to move an object at a certain
distance in a specified direction. We can use Move
Command from the Modify panel or use command
M in command line.

Figure 2.41 : Move and Copy Command

The copy command is used to copy the objects.

Figure 2.42 : Copy Object

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 2.3.3 Rotate

The rotate command changes the orientation of

existing entities by rotating them about a specified
base point. The rotation angle may be given as a
numeric value or by dragging the entity.

Figure 2.43 : Rotate

2.3.4 Break
Allow partial erasure of line, arc, circle, 2D, 3D
polylines and ellipse. Circle and arc are broken in a
counter clockwise direction.

Figure 2.44 : Break

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2.3.5 Trim
The Trim command in AutoCAD is used to remove
objects/lines which is not desired in another object
meets the edge of another object. It is also used to
remove extra lines or extra parts of objects. We can
also do the trim using different selection ethods.

Figure 2.45 : Trim

2.3.6 Scale
The Scale command is used to increase or decrease
the size of an object by a specified factor. If we
specify a value of 0 to 1, the size of the object will be
reduced according to that factor. If we want to
increase the size of an object, we need to specify its
value greater than 1.

Figure 2.46 : Scale

2.3.7 Mirror
The mirror command in AutoCAD is used to make a
copy (mirror copy) of the selected object. we can

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also discard the actual cbjek after copying the
original object. An object copied by a mirror equal to
half of its object can be mirrored across the center
line to create the other half of the object.
It is shown in the picture below:

Figure 2.47 : Mirror

Note: By default, when you mirror a text object, the

direction of the text is not changed. Set the
MIRRTEXT system variable to 1 if you do want the
text to be reversed.

2.3.8 Array

The array command creates either a Rectangular or

Polar (circular) pattern existing object that you
select. The pattern could be created from a single or
a group of objects. Array duplicate set of objects for
each item in the array. There are three types of
arrays, which are listed below

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Rectangular Array - Distributes object copies into
any combination of rows, columns and levels.

Figure 2.48 : Rectangular Array

Polar Array - Evenly distributes object copies in

a circular pattern around a center point or axis
rotition

Figure 2.49 : Polar Array

Path Array - distributes the copies of the object

along its path. We need to select the
corresponding path to distribute the array.

Figure 2.50 : Path Array

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2.3.9 Fillet and Chamfer

i. Fillet

The fillet command is used to create rounded edges

between the adjacent lines and faces in 2D and 3D.
It is also used to connect two tangent arcs in 2D.

Figure 2.51 : Fillet and Chamfer

ii. Chamfer
The chamfer command in AutoCAD is used to create
slanted edges.We are required to select the two
adjacent lines to create chamfer between them

Figure 2.52 : Chamfer

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2.3.10 Offset

The offset command in AutoCAD is used to create

parallel lines, concentric circles, and parallel curves.
It can offset any object through a point or at a
specified distance. We can create as many parallel
lines and curves with the help of the offset
command. The offset objects can also be modified
further according to the requirements. Here,
modification of offset object means that we can
apply trim, extend, and other methods on it.

Figure 2.53 : Offset

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2.3.11 Polyline Edit (P edit)

You can choose from several useful options when

you want to modify a polyline. The PEDIT command
(enter PE in the Command window) is located on the
drop-down list of the Modify panel. With this
command, you can
Ø Width (constant or varying)
Ø Consist of arcs and lines.
Ø Edited and joined together.
ØExploded into individual segments

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 03

C H A P T E R

03
 CHAPTER 3
MEASURE AND DIMENSION
3.1 MEASURE
i. Measures the distance, radius, angle, area, and
volume of selected objects or sequence of points.

Figure 3.1 : Measure Icon

ii. The MEASURE command performs many of the

same calculations as the following commands:
a. Distance
b. Area
c. Radius
d. Angle

Figure 3.2 : Measure

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3.1.1 Distance
Measures the distance between specified points
along with the X, Y, and Z component distances and
the angle relative to the UCS.

Figure 3.3 : Distance

Multiple points - Displays a running total of

the distance between successive points. If
you enter the Arc, Length, or Undo options,
additional options similar to those for
creating a polyline are displayed.

3.1.2 Area
Measures the area and perimeter of an object or
defined area.

Figure 3.4 : Area

Specify corner points. Calculates the area and

perimeter defined by specified points.
If you enter the Arc, Length, or Undo options,
additional options similar to those for creating a
polyline are displayed.

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 Add area -Turns on Add mode and keeps a
running total of area as you define areas.
Subtract area - Subtracts a specified area from
the total area.

3.1.3 Diameter and Radius

Measures the radius and diameter of a specified

arc, circle, or polyline arc.

Figure 3.5 : Radius

3.1.4 Angle

Measures the angle

Figure 3.6 : Angle

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3.2 DIMENSIONING
It is used to display the dimensions of drawings or
models in AutoCAD. We can modify the
dimensions in different drawing units according to
the requirements.
The dimension area on the ribbon panel will look
like the below image:

Figure 3.7 : Dimension

Figure 3.8 : Part of Dimension

3.1.4 Example 3

Figure 3.9 : Example

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3.2.1 Linear
Linear Dimension scan create horizontal, vertical,
aligned and dadial domensions eith DIM command.
The type of dimension depends on the object that
select and the direction that drag the dimension
line.

Figure 3.10 : Linear

Select the first point and second point of a line

to be measured
The dimension of the corresponding line will be
displayed

3.2.2 Aligned
The aligned dimension will give us the exact
distance between the two selected points or
endpoints. It is commonly used to measure the
slanted lines. The dimensions will be parallel to the
created slanted line.

Figure 3.11 : Aligned

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3.2.3 Angular

Angular dimensions measure the angle between

two selected geometric objects or three points.
From left to right, the example shows angular
dimensions created using a vertex and two points,
an arc, and two lines. Measures the angle between
selected geometric objects or 3 points.

Figure 3.12 : Angular

3.2.4 Diameter

Creates a diameter dimension for a circle or an arc.

Measures the diameter of a selected circle or arc,
and displays the dimension text with a diameter
symbol in front of it. You can use grips to easily
reposition the resulting diameter dimension.

Figure 3.13 : Diameter

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3.2.5 Radius

Creates a radius dimension for a circle or an arc.

Measures the radius of a selected circle or arc and
displays the dimension text with a radius symbol in
front of it. You can use grips to reposition the
resulting radius dimension easily.

Figure 3.14 : Radius

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TOTURIAL 3.1 : AUTOCAD 2D

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Exercise: AUTOCAD 2D

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49 | Page
REFERENCES
https://tutorial45.com/autocad-2d-to-3d/
https://training-nyc.com/learn/autocad/
https://www.javatpoint.com/autocad
https://www.mycadsite.com/
https://knowledge.autodesk.com
http://www.dscohn.com/pdf

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