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Tutorial Sheet2 MU MAT110

Tutorial sheets mukuba university

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42 views3 pages

Tutorial Sheet2 MU MAT110

Tutorial sheets mukuba university

Uploaded by

masidamunthali48
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mukuba University

Department of Mathematics and Statistics


MAT110 - Introductory Mathematics
Tutorial Sheet 2 - Binary operations/Complex Numbers 12/2024

1. Let N be a set of all natural numbers. Define an operation ∗ on N by a∗b = (a − b)2 +2ab.
(a) Show that ∗ is a binary operation on N.
(b) Determine whether ∗ is associative on N.
(c) Determine whether ∗ is commutative on N.

2. Let ∗ be an operation on R = (−∞, ∞) defined as a ∗ b = a + b − ab for a, b, c ∈ R.


(a) Is ∗ commutative?
(b) Calculate 3 ∗ (0.5 ∗ −1) and (3 ∗ 0.5) ∗ −1.
(c) Is ∗ associative?.

3. Define an operation ∗ on the set of real numbers by a ∗ b = ab .


(a) Is ∗ a binary operation on the set of real numbers? Give a reason for your answer.
(b) Is the operation commutative?
(c) Evaluate (2 ∗ 3) ∗ −1.

4. Let ∗ be a binary operation defined by a ∗ b = 2ab − 1 where a, b ∈ R.


(a) Determine whether ∗ is commutative on R.
(b) Calculate 0 ∗ 32 ∗ 4 and 0 ∗ 23 ∗ 4.
 

(c) Determine whether ∗ is associative on R.

5. Let X = {−1, 0, 1} . By constructing a table, show the following.


(a) Multiplication is a binary operation on X.
(b) Addition is not a binary operation on X.
(c) Evaluate the following
i. (ab) c, where a = 1, b = −1 and c = 1.
ii. a + (b + c) , where a = −1, b = 0 and c = 1.
iii. a + (bc) , where a = 1, b = 1 and c = −1.

6. Given the sets X = {0, 1} and Y = {0, 1, 2}.


(a) Check whether each of the following operations +, −, ×, ÷ is a binary operation on
X and Y .
(b) Also check whether the operation is commutative or associative.

1
Tutorial Sheet 2 - Binary operations/Complex Numbers- Page 2 of 3 12/2024

7. An operation ∗ is defined on the set {3, 5, 7} in the table below as follows: a ∗ b is the
cell where the row along “a” and column along “b” intersect e.g 5 ∗ 7 = 5.

∗ 3 5 7

3 3 5 7

5 7 3 5

7 5 7 3
(a) Is this operation a binary operation on the set {3, 5, 7}?
(b) Is this operation commutative?
(c) Find the value of (3 ∗ 7) ∗ 5 and 3 ∗ (7 ∗ 5) and state whether the operation is
associative.

8. Each of the following operations i, ii, iii, iv and v is a binary operation on the set of real
numbers, R.
i. a ∗ b = b ii. a ∗ b = (a + b)(a − b) iii. a ∗ b = ab
iv. a ∗ b = 2a−b v. a ∗ b = a + 2b vi. a ∗ b = a + b − ab
(a) Determine which ones are commutative and/or associative.
(b) For each of the operation i, ii, iii, iv and v, evaluate 2 ∗ (5 ∗ 3).

9. Let P = {x1 , x2 , x3 , · · · , x100 } , be the heights of students taking MAT110 in 2024/25


academic year (assuming that there are 100 students taking MAT110). Let ∗ be an
operation defined on P for every two heights a, b ∈ P as follows:
a ∗ b = minimum of a and b.
(a) Is ∗ a binary operation on P.
(b) Is f ∗ is a binary operation on P , determine whether it is commutative.
(c) Evaluate (1.55m ∗ 1.65m) ∗ 1.8m.

10. A binary operation ∗ is defined on the set of real numbers as follows:


a ∗ b = 2−a + b, a, b ∈ R.
(a) Is the operation ∗ commutative? if not give a counter example.
(b) Find the value of −1 ∗ (0 ∗ 1) and (−1 ∗ 0) ∗ 1, and state whether ∗ is associative.

11. Consider the binary operation ∗ defined as


x
x∗y = , x, y ∈ R.
1 + x2 + y 2
Compute −1 ∗ (0 ∗ 2) and (−1 ∗ 0) ∗ 2. Is the operation associative?
Tutorial Sheet 2 - Binary operations/Complex Numbers- Page 3 of 3 12/2024

12. Consider the operations “∗” and “⊕” on the set of real numbers defined as a∗b = |a − b|
and a ⊕ b = a for all a, b ∈ R.
(a) Prove that ∗ is commutative. (b) Prove that ⊕ is associative.
(c) Show that a ∗ (b ⊕ c) = (a ∗ b) ⊕ (a ∗ c) . (d) Evaluate −3 ∗ (1 ⊕ 4) .

13. Write each of the following in terms of i, perform the indicated operations, and simplify
if possible.
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
(a) −4 −16 (b) −20 −9 (c) √−36
−4
(d) √−64
−50
(e) √−18
−3

14. Plot each complex number and find its absolute value.
(a) 3 + 4i (b) −5 (c) 35 − 45 i
(d) −3i (e) 1 − 2i (f) 3 − 2i

15. Express each of the following in the form a + bi where a and b are real numbers.
(a) i15 (b) i250 (c) i1002 (d) 2i3 − 3i4 + 5i2 + 2i
2
(e) (4 + i) (2 + 3i) 8i
(f) 1+2i 5
(g) 5 − 4i + 3−4i (h) (2−i)
3i √
(4−2i)(1−2i) 1−
(i) 1−2i
+ 1+2i
(j) (k) 1
− 1
(l) √ 3i
1+i 1−3i (1+2i)2 1+i i3 2+i

16. Let z1 = 7 − 11i and z2 = −3 − 4i be complex numbers. Find the following complex
numbers and express them in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers.
√
(a) z1 + z2 (b) z1 − (z2 )2 (c) z2
(d) zz12 (e) 2z1z−5z
3
3
(f) z2z3z1

17. Solve for x and y given that:


√ 1 1
(a) (x − 2yi) (3i) = 9 (b) 2 − 3i = x + yi (c) x+iy + 1+3i =1
x y 1−5i 3i−2
(d) 1+i − 2−i = 3−2i (e) 2i−6 = 3x + 3 (y − 1) i (f) i − 2y + i = x+i
2 3
i
+y
(g) x + yi = (1 + 3i)2 (h) (x + i)3 = 18 + 26i 2
(i) (4 − 3i) + 5 (x − iy) = x + iy

18. Find the values of x and y for which 2x+i5 y = z, where z is the conjugate of the complex
number z.

19. Prove that for any positive integer n.


(a) i4n+2 = −1 (b) i4n+5 = i

20. Let z be any non zero complex number.


(a) Express z1 in the form a + ib.
(b) Given that z + z1 = p, where p is real, prove that either z is real or |z| = 1.
√
21. If z1 = −1 + i, z2 = 1 + i and z3 = 1 + i 3. Confirm the following identities.
 
(a) z1 z2 = z1 · z2 (b) z1 · z1 = |z1 |2 (c) zz12 = zz12
(d) z2 (z1 + z2 ) = z2 z1 + z2 z2 (e) illustrate z1 , z2 and z3 on an Argand diagram.
End of Tutorial Sheet 2

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