1

LECTURE 5 AND 6 TUTORIALS

 2

Tutorial 1
 Determine whether or not the network is series-parallel for each of the
following pairs of terminals: i) (A,B); ii) (A,C); iii) (C,D) and determine their
equivalence resistance
A

R2 = 4 Ω R4 = 2 Ω

R1 = 20 Ω C D

R3 = 6 Ω R5 = 8 Ω

B
 3

Tutorial 2
 If a first-order measuring system has a time constant of 0.01
s, determine the approximate range of input signal
frequencies that the system could follow to within 10%
(assuming K=1).
 4
Tutorial 1 (continued)
 i) (A,B)
A

A
RAB

R2 = 4 Ω R4 = 2 Ω

R1 = 20 Ω
B
R3 = 6 Ω R5 = 8 Ω

RAB = R1 //[( R2 + R3 ) //( R4 + R5 )]

B = 20 //[( 4 + 6) //( 2 + 8)]
=4Ω
 5

Tutorial 1 (continued)
 ii) (A,C)
A

A R4

R2 R1
R2 = 4 Ω R4 = 2 Ω
R5

R1 = 20 Ω C

R5 = 8 Ω C R3
R3 = 6 Ω

RAC = R2 //{R3 + [( R4 + R5 ) // R1 ]}
= 4 //{6 + [(2 + 8) // 20]}
= 3.04 Ω
 6

Tutorial 1 (continued)
 iii) (C,D) C

R2 R3

R1

R2 = 4 Ω R4 = 2 Ω
R4 R5
R1 = 20 Ω C D
D
R3 = 6 Ω R5 = 8 Ω

The network is not series-parallel and the

calculation or RCD for this case requires
methods to be discussed in Lecture 6.
 7

Tutorial 2
 If a first-order measuring system has a time constant of 0.01
s, determine the approximate range of input signal
frequencies that the system could follow to within 10%
(assuming K=1).
1.00

0.75

K=1
y (t ) y (t ) K
0.50 =
x(t ) x(t ) ω 2τ 2 + 1
0.25

0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10
ωτ
 8

Tutorial 2 (continued)
 To follow the input to within 10%
y (t ) 1 1
= ≥ 0.9 ⇒ 0.9 ≤ ≤1
x(t ) 2 2
ω τ +1 2 2
ω τ +1

0.9 ω 2τ 2 + 1 ≤ 1 ⇒ ω 2τ 2 + 1 ≤ 1.235

ω 2τ 2 ≤ 0.235 ⇒ ωτ ≤ 0.484

ω ≤ 4.84 ⇒ f ≤ 0.771 Hz

0 ≤ f ≤ 0.771 Hz

 The frequency must be below 0.771 Hz

 9

LECTURE 6 TUTORIAL
 10
Tutorial 1
 Determine the value of the current I.

I
5A

1A

4A
2A
3A
 11
Tutorial 2
 The circuit is a simplified approximation of an amplifier circuit, V2 is
a dependent source whose value is a function of V1.

I in
3Ω I out 1) Compute Iout
2) Compute Vout
V2 = 79.8 V1
3) Compute Pout, the power
Vin = 40 mV V1 47 Ω 16 Ω Vout 8Ω absorbed by the 8 Ω resistor
4) Compute Iin
5) Compute the input power to the
amplifier, Pin
Pin 6) Compute the power gain
Pout/Pin
 12
Tutorial 2(continued)
 To compute Iout, one must first compute V1 by voltage division. Here

47
V1 = 40 = 37.6 mV
47 + 3

 With V1 = 37.6 mV; V2 = 0.0376 × 79.8 = 3 V

 The right hand side of the circuit is a current divider
I I1R1 = I 2 R2 I = I1 + I 2
R1  R   R2   R1 
I 2 = I1 = I1 1 + 1  I1 = I   ; I 2 = I  
R2  R2   R1 + R2   R1 + R2 

I1 I2 V V
V R1 R2 I1 = ; I2 =
V 1 1   R + R2  R1 R2
I= = V  +  = V  1 
R1 // R2 R
 1 R2 R R
 1 2 
3
∴ I out = = 375 mA
8
 13
Tutorial 2(continued)
 Vout follows by Ohm’s law
Vout = I out × Rout = 0.375 × 8 = 3 V

 Pout
Pout = I out × Vout = 0.375 × 3 = 1.125 W

 Iin 0.040
I in = = 0.8 mA
47 + 3
 Pin
Pin = I in × V1 = 0.8 × 37.6 × 10−3 = 30 × 10−3 W

 The resulting power gain is the ratio between the output power vs the input
power
Pout 1.125
Power gain = = −3
= 37.5 or 15.74 dB
Pin 30 × 10
 14
Tutorial 3
 Find the Thévenin's equivalent of the network below

2Ω R

6Ω 3Ω
30 V

A B 24 Ω 1A ≡ VOC

15 Ω 10 Ω
 15
Tutorial 3 (continued) 2Ω

 Find equivalent R
6 Ω // 3 Ω = 2 Ω
 Remove load
24 Ω
 Short all voltage sources and open
all current sources. 15 Ω // 10 Ω = 6 Ω

2Ω

6Ω 3Ω

R = 2 + ( 2 + 6) // 24
A B 24 Ω 8 × 24
=2+ = 2+6 =8Ω
8 + 24
15 Ω 10 Ω
 16
Tutorial 3 (continued)
 Find VOC
I5
I1 I
2Ω N M

I3 6Ω 3Ω
I4 I2
30 V

VOC VA VB 24 Ω 1A

15 Ω 10 Ω

M
 17
Tutorial 3 (continued)
 I5 = 0, because of open circuit
 At M and N

I = I1 + I 2 I1 = I 3 + I 4 I = I3 + I 4 + I 2

VOC − VA VOC − VB VOC

I3 = I4 = I2 =
6 3 24
 However
VOC − (VA − 30)
VB = VA − 30V ∴ I4 =
3
 With I=1 A
VOC − VA VOC − VA + 30 VOC
1= + +
6 3 24
 18
Tutorial 3 (continued)
 We can repeat the procedure for the lower part of the circuit and
obtain
VA VA − 30 VOC
1= + +
15 10 24

VOC − VA VOC − VA + 30 VOC

1= + +
6 3 24
8Ω
 1 1
 VOC + VA = 4
⇒ 24 6
13 1
 VOC − VA = −9
 24 2
4.5V

 V1  22.875
V  =  4.5  V
 OC   