SIGMA UNIVERSITY

DIPLOMA – SEMESTER – 1

ASSIGNMENT- DEC-2023

Subject: Basic Communication Skills Date: 29 /12/2023

Subject Code:

UNIT:-01- TYPES OF SENTENCES

Q-1: Simple Sentence: A simple sentence is a group of words that has a subject, a verb, and
delivers a complete thought. Another name for a simple sentence is an independent clause.

For example:

• I am a student.

In this sentence, Subject: I and Verb: am

• I can speak English.

In this sentence, Subject: I and Verb: speak

• Nick opened the door.

In this sentence, Subject: Nick and Verb: door

• He ate her lunch.

In this sentence, Subject: He and Verb: ate

• They are having pizza for dinner tonight

In this sentence, Subject: They and Verb: are having

• Mom cooked dinner.

In the above-mentioned sentence, Subject: Mom and Verb: cooked

We can see how there are no conjunctions at the beginning or end of these groups of words,
so they are showcasing a complete thought making all of them simple sentences.
 Q-2: Simple Sentence with a Compound Subject: A simple sentence can have a compound
subject, that means two different people or things are doing the same action.

For example:

• Winston and Davis are working on the project.

In this sentence, Subjects: Winston, Davis and Verb: are working

• Nick and Zoe are having orange juice.

In this sentence, Subjects: Nick, Zoe and Verb: are having

• Mom and Dad cooked dinner.

In this sentence, Subjects: Mom, Dad and Verb: cooked

Q-3: Compound Sentence: A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses
joined by a coordinating conjunction.

For example:

• I am a doctor. My friend is a teacher.

These are two independent clauses and can stand on their own; however, we will add
conjunction to form a compound sentence.

• I am a doctor, and my friend is a teacher.

• She tried to lift her bag. It was too heavy.

• She did not bring her lunch, so she ordered through the app.

• I want to go to work, but I am tired.

Complex Sentences:

A complex sentence has dependent, and independent clauses joined by a conjunction.

For example:

• When i got home from school yesterday

This is a dependent clause as it does not express a complete thought and cannot stand on its
own. To make it complete, we have to add an independent clause.

• When I got home from school yesterday, I watched TV for an hour.

• I love to travel, because I get to meet a lot of interesting people.

 In this example, one can notice how ‘I love to travel’ is an independent clause, and then it is
joined by a dependent clause ‘because I get to meet a lot of interesting people, ’ making it a
complex sentence.

• Although he was wealthy, still he was unhappy.

Dependent clauses start with the linking verbs like ‘when, because, even though’; these
conjunctions are called subordinating conjunctions. If the dependent clause comes first, we
put a comma after it, then write the independent clause.

• When we buy her birthday cake, we have to make sure it’s chocolate.

In this example as well, ‘we have to make sure it’s chocolate’ can stand on its own, making
it an independent clause; however, ‘when we buy his birthday cake’ depends on the last
clause and cannot stand on its own.

Exercise 1:

1. After the change in senior management, the company failed miserably.

2. Scientists believe that Covid is going to stay with us for at least few years.

3. Despite opposition from the overworked train drivers, the transport department is
planning to bring back trains under repair to ease crowding, a move snowballing into a
controversy, with some politicians jumping on to the side of drivers.

4. Despite opposition from the overworked train drivers, the transport department is
planning to bring back trains that have been under repair to ease crowding, a move, with
some politicians jumping on to the side of drivers.

5. While watching television, I had my dinner.

Answers to Exercise 1

Note: Dependent clauses have been underlined.

1. Simple

2. Not simple. It contains a dependent clause, implying a complex sentence.

Scientists believe that Covid is going to stay with us for at least few years. [Noun clause]

3. Simple

4. Not simple. It contains a dependent clause, implying a complex sentence.

Despite opposition from the overworked train drivers, the transport department is planning
to bring back trains that have been under repair to ease crowding, a move, with some
politicians jumping on to the side of drivers. [Relative clause]
5. Simple. While watching television is not a dependent clause as it doesn’t contain both
subject and verb.

Exercise 2

1. Although groomed in the best possible way, the tycoon’s son struggled to take the
business any further.

2. Exasperated by the pigeons dirtying my balcony, I installed a protective net.

3. Tom lives in the town I live in.

4. After coming back from the office, I proceeded to take bath.

5. The helicopter went down apparently because of bad weather and misjudgement on part
of the pilot.

Answers to Exercise 2

1. Simple. Although groomed in the best possible way is not a subordinate clause (adverb
clause) and hence is just a phrase. Although he was groomed in the best possible way is a
subordinate clause.

2. Simple

3. Not simple. It contains a dependent clause, implying a complex sentence. Tom lives in the
town I live in. [Relative clause]

4. Simple

5. Simple. Here, because of is a preposition. Even if you assume because to be a

subordinating conjunction starting a subordinating clause (adverb clause), there is no
subject-verb combination in because… part of the pilot, which is a prerequisite for a clause.

Which of the following is a compound sentence?

If the sentence contains two or more independent clauses and no dependent clauses, it is
compound.

Whether compound or not, the sentences in the two exercises may be incorrectly punctuated
with comma. Correct punctuation as well.

Exercise 3

1. He looked for his lost pen everywhere, but he couldn’t find it.

2. James went to the market, and then to the hospital.

3. The dog ate the food in his bowl and the food in my bowl.

4. It looks like the controversial actor has rubbed yet another colleague the wrong way.

5. The administration did not enforce wearing of masks nor did they take serious interest in
testing.

Answers to Exercise 3

The three non-compound sentences (2, 3, and 4) are simple sentences.

1. Compound

2. Not compound. Comma is not required.

3. Not compound

4. Not compound

5. Compound. Comma is required before nor.

Exercise 4

1. We ate pizza for dinner, and had ice cream for dessert.

2. Rich have gotten richer by investing their riches; poor have gotten poorer with little assets
to work.

3. At G-20 summit, some agreements have been made on climate and taxes but skeptics
doubt their effectiveness.

4. I never went back to the place I lived in 80s, but I plan to go there soon.

5. Bears and wolves live in the mountains and in forests.

Answers to Exercise 4

1. Not compound. It’s a simple sentence, with comma not required. Some consider this to
be a compound sentence because it contains two verbs ate and had, sharing subject we. If
there was no had in the sentence, then it would’ve been a simple sentence. (This issue was
raised by Mriga in comments and is being reproduced here as others too may have the same
question.) The above argument is accepted in some quarters, but it’s not correct. That’s
because what comes after and is technically not an independent clause as it lacks subject. In
other words, the sentence contains one independent clause and hence is a simple
sentence. We ate pizza for dinner, and we had ice cream for dessert though would be a
compound sentence. My advice: If something is at stake (marks, etc.) when you’re
identifying or writing compound sentences, go with the definition that is acceptable to your
evaluators.
Same argument holds in similar questions in other exercises.

2. Compound

3. Compound. Comma is required before but.

4. Not compound. It contains a dependent clause, implying a compound-complex sentence.

I never went back to the place I lived in 80s, but I plan to go there soon. [Relative clause]

5. Not compound. It’s a simple sentence.

Which of the following is a complex sentence?

If the sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause, it is
complex.

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Exercise 5

1. I didn’t go to office today because I’ve to go to the airport to see my parents off.

2. I worked hard but failed in the exam.

3. Never write a letter when you are angry.

4. Don’t ask questions that people can’t or don’t want to answer.

5. The findings of this committee are not too different from what earlier committee
recommended.

Answers to Exercise 5

1. Complex

I didn’t go to office today because I’ve to go to the airport to see my parents off. [Adverb
clause]

2. Not complex. It’s a simple sentence.

3. Complex

Never write a letter when you are angry. [Adverb clause]

 4. Complex

Don’t ask questions that people can’t or don’t want to answer. [Relative clause]

5. Complex

The findings of this committee are not too different from what earlier committee
recommended. [Noun clause]

Exercise 6

1. I lost my friend forever when, in a fit of anger, I used quite harsh language with him, even
dragging his other friends and family.

2. Remove the pan that’s on the third burner or the dish will overcook.

3. The man you’re talking about is no more.

4. What would happen if we reduce the budget by 10 percent this year?

5. I came across the job description on social media and was excited to find that my academic
accomplishments meet all of the necessary requirements.

Answers to Exercise 6

1. Complex

I lost my friend forever when, in a fit of anger, I used quite harsh language with him, even
dragging his other friends and family. [Adverb clause]

2. Not complex. It contains two independent clauses (Remove the pan and the dish will
overcook), with the first being an imperative, the one that has you as its implied subject.
Hence, it’s a compound-complex sentence. Note that the comma was deliberately omitted
in the question. Remove the pan that’s on the third burner, or the dish will overcook.
[Relative clause]

3. Complex

The man you’re talking about is no more. [Relative clause]

4. Complex

What would happen if we reduce the budget by 10 percent this year? [Adverb clause]

5. Complex

I came across the job description on social media and was excited to find that my academic
accomplishments meet all of the necessary requirements. [Noun clause]

What type of sentence is this?

Identify each sentence as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.

Exercise 7

1. Cats are ruling the roost on YouTube, yet again.

2. I have always been interested in fashion industry; therefore, I decided to join a fashion
design course and pursue fashion designing as career.

3. What is not cast in stone is budget.

4. What is not cast in stone is budget; we’re flexible on it.

5. Don’t get taken in by his beautiful face because beauty is skin deep.

Answers to Exercise 7

1. Simple

2. Compound

3. Complex

What is not cast in stone is budget. [Noun clause]

4. Compound-complex. An independent clause has been added to sentence #3.

What is not cast in stone is budget; we’re flexible on it. [Noun clause]

5. Complex

Don’t get taken in by his beautiful face because beauty is skin deep. [Adverb clause]

Exercise 8

1. The tongue is but three inches long, yet it can kill a man six feet high.

2. In March 2020, several countries-imposed lockdowns, or Covid virus would have infected
people at an even faster rate.

3. How hard you try matters more than whether you win.

4. If you’re upset with someone for some reason, make peace before the end of the day.

5. I have a very keen interest in advertising, and lately, I noticed that now everything is
turning into digital.

Answers to Exercise 8
1. Compound

2. Compound

3. Complex

How hard you try matters more than whether you win. [Noun clause/ Noun clause]

4. Complex

If you’re upset with someone for some reason, make peace before the end of the day.
[Adverb clause]

5. Compound

Exercise 9

1. With your permission, I would leave.

2. Do what you’ve been doing, and you’ll succeed.

3. I’m not sure if having so many things on the plate is a wise thing to do because
undertaking too much seldom succeeds.

4. The company had to lay off some employees or reduce salaries of all.

5. Leave now, or you’ll miss the train.

Answers to Exercise 9

1. Simple

2. Compound-complex

Do what you’ve been doing, and you’ll succeed. [Noun clause]

3. Complex

I’m not sure if having so many things on the plate is a wise thing to do because undertaking
too much seldom succeeds. [Noun clause/ Adverb clause]

4. Simple

5. Compound

Exercise 10

1. This statement can be debated endlessly, but from a practical perspective, he is probably
right.
2. Finally, we come to the consequences of environmental degradation, for it can paint a
clear picture of the damage that can be caused and can inspire us to think of the ways to
rectify it.

3. The government officer was quite cold to my father but did the job when I made a polite
request.

4. He bought a new laptop because his current laptop crashed and lost all his work files.

5. Many kingdoms have fallen to enemies not because of strength of the enemies but because
of betrayal of friends and insiders.

Answers to Exercise 10

1. Compound. The second independent clause contains the introductory phrase, from a
practical perspective.

2. Compound-complex

Finally, we come to the consequences of environmental degradation, for it can paint a clear
picture of the damage that can be caused and can inspire us to think of the ways to rectify
it. [Relative clause]

3. Complex

The government officer was quite cold to my father but did the job when I made a polite
request. [Adverb clause]

4. Complex

He bought a new laptop because his current laptop crashed and lost all his work files.
[Adverb clause]

5. Simple. Note that because of is a preposition. Here, because doesn’t start a dependent
clause.

Exercise 11

1. Unfortunately for the government, the pandemic hit just when the economy was looking
up again.

2. Where to get vaccinated and how to book a vaccination slot are commonly asked
questions.

3. As I got older, my love for software increased and motivated me to prepare for a STEM
college.

4. Without online result to check, how do I know if I’ve been selected?

5. I won’t be able to work for two days, for my laptop has gone dead, and unfortunately, I
don’t have a spare laptop.

Answers to Exercise 11

1. Complex

Unfortunately for the government, the pandemic hit just when the economy was looking up
again. [Adverb clause]

2. Simple. Note that where to get vaccinated and how to book a vaccination slot look like
noun clauses but are not since they don’t contain the subject-verb unit.

3. Complex

As I got older, my love for software increased and motivated me to prepare for a STEM
college. [Adverb clause]

4. Complex

Without online result to check, how do I know if I’ve been selected? [Noun clause]

5. Compound. This has three independent clauses.

Exercise 12

1. Books and friends should be few but good.

2. Do not lengthen the quarrel while there is an opportunity of escaping.

3. Before asking this question, I should have remembered: ask no questions and hear no lies.

4. He feared when there was no danger and cried when there was no sorrow.

5. When the going was smooth, they relaxed, and when the going was tough, they still
relaxed.

Answers to Exercise 12

1. Simple

2. Complex

Do not lengthen the quarrel while there is an opportunity of escaping. [Adverb clause]

3. Compound. A colon can also join two independent clauses. The one after the colon is an
imperative, with an implied subject you.
4. Complex

He feared when there was no danger and cried when there was no sorrow. [Adverb clause/
Adverb clause]

5. Compound-complex. Unlike the previous sentence, this sentence contains two

independent clauses.

When the going was smooth, they relaxed, and when the going was tough, they still relaxed.
[Adverb clause/ Adverb clause]

Exercise 13

1. Don’t fear the enemy that attacks you but the fake friend that hugs you.

2. Eat and drink with your relatives but do business with strangers.

3. The answer you get depends on your question.

4. The town was put under curfew after yet another incident of arson.

5. The baby was crying, for she was tired, but she couldn’t sleep since it was noisy outside.

Answers to Exercise 13

1. Complex

Don’t fear the enemy that attacks you but the fake friend that hugs you. [Relative clause/
Relative clause]

2. Compound. The two independent clauses are imperatives, with implied subject you. The
comma before but was deliberately omitted to make it look like a simple sentence.

3. Complex

The answer you get depends on your question. [Relative clause. The relative
pronoun that has been omitted.]

4. Simple

5. Compound-complex. The sentence has three independent clauses.

The baby was crying, for she was tired, but she couldn’t sleep since it was noisy outside.
[Adverb clause]

Exercise 14

1. That’s yet another reason for why we should get vaccinated.

2. Mining companies have been accused of degrading the local ecology, but after being
mandated by a new law, they’re undertaking plantation and other steps.

3. Mining companies have been accused of degrading the local ecology, but of late they’re
undertaking plantation and other steps in places where they mine.

4. Mining companies have been accused of degrading the local ecology, but of late they’re
undertaking plantation and other steps in places they mine in.

5. The author delves in great detail on religions worshipping one god while denying the
existence of other gods, but doesn’t explain reasons for some religions such as Buddhism
not following any deity.

Answers to Exercise 14

1. Complex

Don’t fear the enemy that attacks you but the fake friend that hugs you. [Relative clause/
Relative clause]

2. Compound. The two independent clauses are imperatives, with implied subject you. The
comma before but was deliberately omitted to make it look like a simple sentence.

3. Complex

The answer you get depends on your question. [Relative clause. The relative
pronoun that has been omitted.]

4. Simple

5. Compound-complex. The sentence has three independent clauses.

The baby was crying, for she was tired, but she couldn’t sleep since it was noisy outside.
[Adverb clause]

Exercise 15

Identify the type of five sentences in this paragraph:

We want our children to be happy, but we’re often too indulgent to bring them happiness.
We take care of slightest of their problems and, in the process, make them too dependent on
elders, a trait which may carry on later in their lives. Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon,
while narrating his growing-up years, mentioned how he learnt resourcefulness from his
grandfather, who could perform small maintenance tasks at his farm on his own. Bezos, in
fact, mentioned that he would rather see his children lose a finger or two and become
resourceful than become too dependent. This line (paraphrased) from the book Sapiens sums
this up well: “You love your children more than evolution requires”.
Answers to Exercise 15

1. Complex

That’s yet another reason for why we should get vaccinated. [Noun clause]

2. Compound. The introductory phrase, after being mandated by a new law, is part of the
second independent clause.

3. Compound-complex

Mining companies have been accused of degrading the local ecology, but of late they’re
undertaking plantation and other steps in places where they mine. [Relative clause]

4. Compound-complex

Mining companies have been accused of degrading the local ecology, but of late they’re
undertaking plantation and other steps in places they mine in. [Relative clause. This is
a conversion of the previous relative clause. Many recognize where they mine as a relative
clause because of the marker word where, but few recognize they mine in as a relative
clause.]

5. Simple. Though long, the sentence contains just one independent clause and no
dependent clause.

Exercise 16 – Identify the Type of Sentence

Identify whether the following sentences are simple, compound or complex sentences. Also,
mention which of the clauses is the main clause and the subordinate clause.

1. I did not know that this food was meant only for the staff.

2. She is innocent, so she has appealed to the court.

3. If you are not ready with the song, it is better to let them know.

4. She will come home or I will stay back at her place.

5. In the evening, I am going to the park.

6. The sun looks amazing today.

7. I remember the day that we met very well.

8. Nithi is not keeping well, yet she decided to go to work.

9. After they reach the hotel, they will inform us.

10. We are going to the park.

Answers for Exercise 16

1. I did not know that this food was meant only for the staff.

Sentence Type – Complex sentence

Main Clause – I did not know

Subordinate Clause – That this food was meant only for the staff

2. She is innocent, so she has appealed to the court.

Sentence Type – Compound sentence

Main Clause – She is innocent

Main Clause – She has appealed to the court

3. If you are not ready with the song, it is better to let them know.

Sentence Type – Complex Sentence

Main Clause – It is better to let them know

Subordinate Clause – If you are not ready with the song

4. She will come home or I will stay back at her place.

Sentence Type – Compound Sentence

Main Clause – She will come home

Main Clause – I will stay back at her place

5. In the evening, I am going to the park.

Sentence Type – Simple Sentence

Main Clause – I am going to the park

6. The sun looks amazing today.

Sentence Type – Simple Sentence

Main Clause – The sun looks amazing today

7. I remember the day that we met very well.

Sentence Type – Complex Sentence

Main Clause – I remember the day very well

Subordinate Clause – That we met

8. Nithi is not keeping well, yet she decided to go to work.

Sentence Type – Compound Sentence

Main Clause – Nithi is not keeping well

Main Clause – She decided to go to work

9. After they reach the hotel, they will inform us.

Sentence Type – Complex Sentence

Main Clause – They will inform us

Subordinate Clause – After they reach the hotel

10. We are going to the park.

Sentence Type – Simple Sentence

Main Clause – We are going to the park

Exercise :17. – Combine the Sentences to Form Compound Sentences

Combine the following sentences using a coordinating conjunction or a conjunctive adverb

to form compound sentences.

1. My mother is sick. My mother is going to the doctor.

2. Jibin has gone to Hyderabad. Jibin has not found any jobs yet.

3. Nalini was not satisfied with her birthday dress. Nalini wore it anyway.

4. Jaffar called me yesterday. I was not able to attend his call.

5. Tina had to present the paper today. Nancy volunteered to do it.

6. It was raining the whole day. We decided to go to the park.

7. Firoz will pick you up. We will book a cab for you.

8. Nobody knew where to go. We asked some random people for directions to the hills.
9. Let them know. You will have to suffer the consequences.

10. My mom was cleaning the house. I helped with the plates.

Answers for Exercise 17

1. My mother is sick. My mother is going to the doctor.

My mother is sick, so she is going to the doctor.

2. Jibin has gone to Hyderabad. Jibin has not found any jobs yet.

Jibin has gone to Hyderabad; but he has not found any jobs yet.

3. Nalini was not satisfied with her birthday dress. Nalini wore it anyway.

Nalini was not satisfied with her birthday dress; however, she wore it.

4. Jaffar called me yesterday. I was not able to attend his call.

Jaffar called me yesterday, but I was not able to attend his call.

5. Tina had to present the paper today. Nancy volunteered to do it.

Tina had to present the paper today; instead, Nancy volunteered to do it.

6. It was raining the whole day. We decided to go to the park.

It was raining the whole day; however, he decided to go to the park.

7. Firoz will pick you up. We will book a cab for you.

Firoz will pick you up, or we will book a cab for you.

8. Nobody knew where to go. We asked some random people for directions to the hills.

Nobody knew where to go, so we asked some random people for directions to the hills.

9. Let them know. You will have to suffer the consequences.

Let them know or you will have to suffer the consequences.

10. My mom was cleaning the house. I helped with the plates.

My mom was cleaning the house; meanwhile I helped with the plates.

Exercise :18 – Combine the Sentences to Form Complex Sentences

Combine the following sentences by making use of a subordinating conjunction or a

correlative conjunction to form complex sentences.

1. You speak up. Nobody is going to know.

2. You are the only friend. You taught me right from wrong.

3. I was not happy. I went to the reception for the sake of my friend.

4. You do not finish it. You will have to face the consequences.

5. I do not know the person. He owns a brand new Mercedes Benz.

6. My brother does not watch animation movies. My brother liked Kungfu Panda.

7. I don’t think I will be able to make it. I missed the bus.

8. You should do it. I will have to ask Praveen to do it.

9. There are no trains available. We took a flight.

10. Seetha finishes her work. Seetha will be on her way.

Answers for Exercise: 18

1. You speak up. Nobody is going to know.

Unless you speak up, nobody is going to know.

2. You are the only friend. You taught me right from wrong.

You are the only friend who taught me right from wrong.

3. I was not happy. I went to the reception for the sake of my friend.

Though I was not happy, I went to the reception for the sake of my friend.

4. You do not finish it. You will have to face the consequences.

If you do not finish it, you will have to face the consequences.

5. I do not know the person. He owns a brand new Mercedes Benz.

I do not know the person who owns a brand new Mercedes Benz

6. My brother does not watch animation movies. My brother liked Kung Fu Panda.

Even though my brother does not watch animation movies, he liked Kung Fu Panda.

7. I don’t think I will be able to make it. I missed the bus.

I don’t think I will be able to make it because I missed the bus.

8. You should do it. I will have to ask Praveen to do it.

Either you should do it or I will have to ask Praveen to do it.

 9. There are no trains available. We took a flight.

As there were no trains available, we took a flight.

10. Seetha finishes her work. Seetha will be on her way.

As soon as Seetha finishes her work, she will be on her way.

Exercise: 19- Identify simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and
compound-complex sentences.

1. Our coach will host a pizza party when we win our first game.

2. Olivia and Caroline went to the movies.

3. Although I broke my arm, I still cheered for my team from the sidelines

4. James grilled burgers, and Patrick made a salad.

5. Susie called her friend on the phone.

6. Since I made the honour roll, my parents let me have a friend spend the night.

7. Before Alice called me, she called her mom, and her mom asked her to babysit her brother.

8. I waited for the bus, but it was late.

9. Jennifer sat in her chair, which was a dark red recliner, and she read all evening.

10. The young students enjoyed the game

Answers:19

1. Complex

2. Simple

3. Complex

4. Compound

5. Simple

6. Complex

7. Compound-complex

8. Compound

9. Compound-complex
10. Simple

Exercise: 20- Read the following sentences and mark whether Declarative, Interrogative,
Imperative or Exclamatory.

1. Do you drink milk daily?

2. Stars are twinkling in the sky.

3. Ah, what a lovely rose!

4. Let us go for a river bath.

5. Keep quiet!

6. The train is not running on time.

7. Where has Rohan gone?

8. Call the doctor, please.

9. Kindly lend me your book.

10. I like this book.

Answers: 20

1. Interrogative

2. Declarative

3. Exclamatory

4. Imperative

5. Imperative

6. Declarative

7. Interrogative

8. Imperative

9. Imperative

10. Declarative

Exercise:21-Identify the sentence Simple sentence/ Complex sentence or Compound

sentence
1. In spite of working hard, he could not pass the test.

2. Running fast, he caught the bus.

3. He told me that he liked my hairstyle.

4. This is the girl who works with my sister.

5. Though we started early, we could not reach school on time.

6. As it was a hot day, I drank a lot of water.

7. She was there but I could not talk to her.

8. If you love me, I will love you.

9. While he was working on his farm, he was bitten by a snake.

10. As soon as he arrived, he started making trouble.

Answers: 21

1. In spite of working hard, he could not pass the test. (Simple sentence)

2. Running fast, he caught the bus. (Simple sentence)

3. He told me that he liked my hairstyle. (Complex sentence)

4. This is the girl who works with my sister. (Complex sentence)

5. Though we started early, we could not reach school on time. (Complex sentence)

6. As it was a hot day, I drank a lot of water. (Complex sentence)

7. She was there but I could not talk to her. (Compound sentence)

8. If you love me, I will love you. (Complex sentence)

9. While he was working on his farm, he was bitten by a snake. (Complex sentence)

10. As soon as he arrived, he started making trouble. (Complex sentence)

Exercise:22- Fill in the blanks with an appropriate tense form:-

1. The earth ………………….. (go) round the sun.

2. I ………………….. (like) ice-cream.

3. She ………………….. (work) at a school.

4. I …………………… (get) up at 7 o’clock.

5. I …………………… (write) a letter now.

6. Father ………………….. a fence. (build)

7. He ………………… (talk) to his mother every day.

8. The dog …………………… (bark)

9. He …………………… two years ago. (die)

10. I …………………… my grandparents last week. (visit)

11. We …………………….. (live) in Kerala since 2016.

12. I …………………… (work) out when they arrived.

13. I …………………… (do) my homework at 8 o’clock yesterday evening.

14. I ………………………. (work) in the garden for two hours when the guests arrived.

Answers:22

1. The earth goes round the sun.

2. I like ice-cream.

3. She works at a school.

4. I get up at 7 o’clock.

5. I am writing a letter now.

6. Father is building a fence.

7. He talks to his mother every day.

8. The dog is barking.

9. He died two years ago.

10. I visited my grandparents last week.

11. We have been living in Kerala since 2016.

12. I was working out when they arrived.

13. I was doing my homework at 8 o’clock yesterday evening.

14. I had been working in the garden for two hours when the guests arrived.

Exercise:22- Questions on Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences

 Q1: What is a simple sentence?

A simple sentence is a short sentence consisting of a subject and a predicate. In other words,
it can be said that a simple sentence is one main clause. It can also be a combination of a
phrase and a clause.

Q2: What is a compound sentence?

A compound sentence is a sentence that has more than one main clause. It should have at
least two main clauses and they can be combined using a coordinating conjunction or a
conjunctive adverb.

Q3: What is a complex sentence?

A complex sentence should have a main clause and a subordinate clause. The two clauses
can be combined using a subordinating conjunction or a correlative conjunction.

Q4: What is a Sentence?

A sentence is a set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and
predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a
main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses. The subject is who or what is
doing the action and the predicate is the verb or action which is done.

Examples of Sentences

• The train was late.

• Meet me at 5’o clock.

• How are you?

• Wow, the rainbow is beautiful!

Q5: What are the 4 types of sentences?

In the English language, sentences are classified into four types: declarative, exclamatory,
imperative, and interrogatory. Each sentence form provides a distinct function.

Q6: What are the 3 main types of sentences?

Declarative sentences (which are statements), interrogative sentences (which are questions),
and imperative sentences (which are orders) are the three basic forms of sentences.

Q7: What is a sentence and its types?

A sentence is a collection of words that makes complete logic. It starts with a capital letter
and concludes with a full stop. It always includes a limited verb. A sentence can be either a
statement, a query, an exclamation, or a command. It is made up of one or more subordinate
clauses and one main sentence.

Examples of Exclamatory Sentences

 Here are some examples of exclamatory sentences:
• You were meant to be back yesterday!
(expresses anger)
• Jeepers! You scared the life out of me!
(expresses surprise)
• We won!
(expresses happiness)
• This puzzle is driving me up the wall!
(expresses frustration)
• You're adorable!
(expresses love)
• It's a boy!
(expresses joy)
• I'm really going to miss this place!
(expresses sorrow)
We will go through few exclamatory sentences below, also identifying the emotions
they represent-

• What have you done! (Anger)

• Hurrah! The trophy is ours!! (Joy)
• I lost my purse! (Sorrow)
• I like ice creams! (Excitement)
• Wonderful house you have got! (Excitement)
• What a beautiful day!! (Excitement)
• What is this!! (Surprise)
• This is the last time I am warning you! (Anger)
• We are going for a movie tonight! (Excitement/Joy)
• Wish he had been with us!! (Sorrow)
• What a beautiful house! (Excitement)
• Ronny, we are selected for the tournament! (Excitement/Happiness)
I – Interrogative Sentences – Yes/No Type (Questions starts with an auxiliary verb)
See Some Examples before attempting Practice Exercises
Direct speech: “Are you the one who stole the money?”
Indirect speech: He asked if I was the one who had stolen the money.

Direct speech: “What are you doing here at this time?”

Indirect speech: She asked what I was doing there at that time.

Direct speech: “Have you ever been to Europe before?”

Indirect speech: He asked if I had ever been to Europe before.

Direct speech: “Who taught you how to play the guitar so well?”
Indirect speech: She asked me who had taught me how to play the guitar so well.

Direct speech: “Why did you leave your previous job?”

Indirect speech: He asked me why I had left my previous job.
Q. Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.
1. “Are there any more files?” He asked. “Yes, sir,” said the peon.

2. The teacher said to Rena, “Did you break the window pane?” “No, sir,” said Reena,
“I did not.”

3. “If you find my answers satisfactory, will you give me five rupees?” said the
astrologer. “No,” replied the customer.

4. I said to him, “Do you want to go to Delhi?” He said, “No, sir.”

5. Rahul said to me, “Does Mohit still play?” I said, “Yes, sir.”

6. Malik said to her, “Has Sara invited you to dinner?”

7. I said to her, “Did you enjoy the film?” She said, “No, sir.”

8. Sachin said, “Sonam, do you see what I see?” Sonam said, “Yes.”

9. He said, “Do you not like it?” She said, “Yes.”

10. She said to me, “Shall we ever see each other again?” I said, “Perhaps, never.”

Answers
1. He asked the peon if there were any more files. The peon replied respectfully in the
affirmative.

2. The teacher asked Reena if she had broken the window pane. Reena replied
respectfully that she had not done it.

3. The astrologer asked the customer if he would give him five rupees if he found his
answers satisfactory. The customer replied in negative.

4. I asked him if he wanted to go to Delhi and he replied respectfully in negative.

5. Rahul asked me if Mohit still played and I replied respectfully in positive.

6. Malik asked her if Sara had invited her to dinner.

7. I asked her if she had enjoyed the film. She replied respectfully in negative.

8. Sachin asked Sonam if she saw what he saw. She replied in affirmative.

9. He asked if she did not like that and she replied in affirmative.
10. She asked me if we would ever see each other again but I replied that we would
perhaps never.

II – Interrogative Sentences – Q. Word Type (Question begins with a Q. Word)

Q. Change the following sentences into indirect speech.
1. He said to me, “Whom does she want to contact?”

2. They said to her, “Whose house are you purchasing?”

3. You said to him “Why are you making mischief?”

4. They said to us, “How have you solved this sum?”

5. We said to them, “Who has misguided you?”

6. They said to him, “Where have you been wandering since yesterday?”

7. She said to me, “Why were you hiding today?”

8. Raja said to us, “When do you expect to see me again?”

9. He said to her, “What shall I be offering you with tea?”

10. We said to them, “When shall we have paid you a visit?”

Answers
1. He asked me whom she wanted to contact.

2. They asked her whose house she was purchasing.

3. You asked him why he was making mischief.

4. They asked us how we had solved that sum.

5. We asked them who had misguided them.

6. They asked him where he had been wandering since the previous day.

7. She asked me why I had been hiding that day.

8. Raja asked us when we expected to see him again.

9. He asked her what he would be offering her with tea.

 10. We asked them when we would have paid them a visit.

Miscellaneous Exercises on Interrogative Sentences

Q:I. Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.

1. “What is your name?” asked the teacher. Indirect speech:

2. “Where did you go yesterday?” she asked me. Indirect speech:
3. “Are you feeling better now?” he asked her. Indirect speech: .
4. “Will you come with me?” he asked her. Indirect speech: .
5. “Why did you break the vase?” he asked his son. Indirect speech:
6. “What are you doing here?” asked John.
7. “Have you finished your homework?” the teacher asked.
8. “Why did you leave the party so early?” she asked
9. “Are you going to the concert tonight?” Tom asked.
10. “Where did you put my phone?” asked Sarah.
Answers:
1. The teacher asked me what my name was.
2. She asked me where I had gone the previous day.
3. He asked her if she was feeling better then
4. He asked her if she would go with him
5. He asked his son why he had broken the vase.
6. John asked what I was doing there.
7. The teacher asked if I had finished my homework.
8. She asked why I had left the party so early.
9. Tom asked if I was going to the concert that night.
10. Sarah asked where I had put her phone.

Active and Passive Voice Exercise with Answers

It is important that students have a complete understanding of the tenses in

English before they start working out exercises on active and passive voice. This is only
because it would make it easier for students to comprehend it.
 Identify the Voice

Go through the sentences given below and identify the voice used.

1. Shreya Ghoshal sings beautiful songs.

2. The Sun sets in the West.
3. The boy was being beaten by his teacher.
4. Bucky is helped by Steve.
5. The carpenter is building the desk.
6. The woodcutter cut down the tree.
7. The man dropped his axe into the river.
8. The bird was shot by the naughty boy.
9. The bag was found by me.
10. Natasha lost the money.
11. The farmer will plough the field.
12. The work will be finished by the workers in a day.
13. The enemy has entered the war zone.
14. Who sang the song?
15. The children teased the animals.

Answers

1. Active voice 2. Active voice 3. Passive voice 4. Passive Voice 5. Active voice 6. Active
voice 7. Active voice 8. Passive voice 9. Passive voice 10. Active voice 11. Active voice
12. Passive voice 13. Active voice 14. Active voice 15. Active voice

Active Passive Exercise

Conversion of active voice into passive voice and vice-versa can help learners
comprehend thoroughly and also check how far they have understood the usage of
active and passive voice. Here is an active voice to passive voice conversion exercise for
you.

Change Active Voice into Passive Voice Exercises with Answers

Change the following sentences from active voice to passive voice.

1. The dog chased the cat.

2. The dog bit the boy.
3. The peon rang the bell.
4. Ram played hockey.
5. Miss Mary teaches us English.
6. Raj caught the ball.
7. Children like sweets.
8. Rita will take a photograph.
9. Who taught you this poem?
10. The police arrested the smuggler.
11. Shiva was flying a kite.
12. The hunter shot the deer.
13. The lion attacked the zebra.
14. Virat threw the ball.
15. Everyone loves Zara.
16. My sister has drawn this portrait.
17. The people were helping the wounded woman.
18. Sam had taken the medicines.
19. The player is taking extra time.
20. The cat ate the fish.

Answers –

1. The cat was chased by the dog.

2. The boy was bitten by the dog.
3. The bell was rung by the peon.
4. Hockey was played by Ram.
5. English is taught to us by Miss Mary.
6. The ball was caught by Raj.
7. Sweets are liked by children.
8. A photograph will be taken by Rita.
9. By whom were you taught this poem?
10. The smuggler was arrested by the police.
11. A kite was being flown by Shiva.
12. The deer was shot by the hunter.
13. The zebra was attacked by the lion.
14. The ball was thrown by Virat.
15. Zara is loved by everyone.
16. This portrait has been drawn by my sister.
17. The wounded woman was being helped by the people.
18. The medicines had been taken by Sam.
19. Extra time is being taken by the player.
20. The fish was eaten by the cat.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1-What is active and passive exercise?

Active and passive exercises are those exercises that either deal with the identification
of the voices or changing active into passive voice or vice versa.
Q2-How do you change passive voice to active?

To change a sentence in the passive voice to active voice, one must know the tense of
the verb. Once students understand the tense of the verb, it becomes easy for them to
convert. First, we interchange the subject and object of the sentence and remove the ‘by’
from the sentence. The verb in the sentence is also changed accordingly.
Active and Passive Voice Exercise

Change the active sentences below into passive sentences. Write “No change” if you
think sentences cannot be changed.
1. She writes a letter.
2. They go to school every day.
3. He doesn`t paint the wall.
4. Why are you crying?
5. Did the mechanic fix your car?
6. You should do your homework.
7. Don`t talk so loudly.
8. They are painting their house.
9. We have drunk milk tea.
10. Will you watch TV tonight?
11. I am not going to work today.
12. He has been teaching English for ten years.
13. When are you going to buy a car?
14. Who taught you the active and passive sentences?
15. She had cleaned the kitchen.
16. We will have eaten dinner by the time you get there.
17. People speak English in the USA.
18. Would you rather learn English or French?
19. You must not come late to class.
20. She has to pass the test.
21. He bought his son a book.
22. Bismo teaches us every day.
23. Who is your teacher?
24. Who fights the coalition forces?
25. Who have you invited to the party?
26. I`ll build a hospital if I have a million dollars.
27. If I had had a million dollars, I would have built a big mosque.
28. We will be playing cricket at this time tomorrow.
29. Aren’t they going to be building a house?
30. It has been raining since yesterday.
31. The explosion had killed many people.
32. I have never been to Egypt.
33. Have you been digging out the ground since morning?
34. I will have written a poem by the time you call me.
35. The heavy storm damaged a lot of crops in Mumbai.
36. I was playing football yesterday.
37. Could you help me, please?
38. Who can answer my question?
39. Will she have been watering the garden?
40. Milad is helping me solving the active and passive voice exercise.

Answers:

1. A letter is written by her.

2. Not Change.
3. The wall isn’t painted by him.
4. Intransitive verb (Crying)
5. Was your car fixed by the mechanic?
6. Your homework should be done by you.
7. Intransitive verb (talk)
8. Their house is being painted.
9. Milk tea has been drunk.
10. Will TV be watched by you?
11. Not change.
12. English has been taught by him for ten years.
13. When is a car going to be bought by you?
14. By whom were you taught the active and passive sentences?
15. The kitchen had been cleaned.
16. Dinner will have been eaten by the time you get there.
17. English is spoken in the USA.
18. Would English or French rather be learned by you?
19. You are ordered not to come late to class.
20. The test has to be passed by her.
21. His son was bought a book by him.
22. We are taught every day by Bismo.
23. No change.
24. By whom were the coalition forces fought?
25. Who has been invited to the party?
26. A hospital will be built if I have a million dollars.
27. If I had had a million dollars, a big mosque would have been built.
28. Cricket will be played at this time tomorrow by us.
29. Isn’t a house be going to be built by them?
30. No change.
31. Many people had been killed by the explosion.
32. No change.
33. No change.
34. A poem will have been written by me by the time you call me.
35. A lot of crops were damaged by the heavy rain in Mumbai.
36. Football was being played yesterday by me.
37. Could I be helped, please?
38. By whom my answer can be answered?
39. No change.
40. I am being helped by Milad to solve the active and passive voice exercises.