EXERCISE 5

WORKING WITH
GOOGLE EARTH PRO
Structure____________________________________________________
5.1 Introduction Saving Places Data
Expected Learning Skills Opening Saved Placemarks
5.2 Places and Placemarks Deleting Places Data

Finding Places Showing and Hiding Places Data

Generating Placemarks 5.6 Keyhole Markup Language (KML)

5.3 Construction of Paths and Creating a KML File
Polygons Importing Vector Data as KML file
5.4 Adding an Image Overlay Exporting KML to Other Vector Formats
Overlay Requirements 5.7 Google Earth in Geoinformatics
Transparency Adjustment Projects
Creating an Overlay 5.8 Google Maps
Positioning an Image in the Viewer Google Maps API

Terrain Integration 5.9 Laboratory Exercises

Hiding/Deleting an Image Overlay 5.10 Exercises: Exolore Yourself
5.5 Using Places Panel 5.11 References
Organising Places Data 5.12 Further/Suggested Readings

5.1 INTRODUCTION
In the previous exercise, you have become familiar with Google Earth. Now in this exercise, we will
introduce you to different features of the Google Earth Pro. You will also learn how you can mark
Places, path and polygon and create KML file. We will also discuss about importing vector data in
Google Earth Pro.
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Expected Learning Skills______________________________

After working through this exercise, you should be able to:
 create image overlay, use places panel and create KML file;
 import data into Google Earth;
 discuss uses of Google Earth; and
 apply Google Earth for your geoinformatics related activities.

5.2 PLACES AND PLACEMARKS

Google Earth Pro allows you to find places of your interest and mark them as
placemark. You will be learning these in the following subsections. Let us start
with finding places.
5.2.1 Finding Places and manage history
GE is such a versatile tool that enables anyone to view almost any part of the
world, where you can search the geographical information like location of
hotels, schools, city, business, industry, or any place of your interest. You can
find a place of your interest by writing the name of place of your interest in
search tab. Let us discuss this in detail.
You can search for IGNOU headquarter by typing “IGNOU, Maidan Garhi or
IGNOU, Maidan Garhi Road, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi, Delhi” after that either
click enter or search button it will shows results for IGNOU (Fig. 5.1). If the
result includes more than one location, you can fly to the one you want by
selecting the most accurate result. You can also visit the website of institute,
hotel, or other place you search for by clicking on website icon . Once you
click on the icon website will open in 3D view panel. You can open website in
any browser installed in your device or go back to the 3D view panel by clicking
on the ‘back to Google earth’ button . You can see the
history of searched places and manage them by clicking on the history button
available near get direction. When you click on the history it will show all the
places you searched. You can delete the search history by clicking on clear
history button available at the end of the history.

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Fig. 5.1: Search panel showing IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi. (Source:
www.google.com/earth)

Get Directions: You can get direction by entering start and ending points in the
Get Directions tab (Fig. 5.2). You can manually enter valid location searches in
each input box. After clicking the get direction button, the route and turn-by-turn
directions appear in the search listing window below the search input. The
direction route is mapped in the 3D view with a line indicating the route.

Fig. 5.2: Search panel for getting directions. (Source: www.google.com/earth)

Once you have a direction route displayed in the 3D viewer, you can use
different method of transportation. When you get driving directions between two
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points, those directions are listed beneath the Search button showing all the
turning points along the route. You can save the direction in my places, as KML
file and print by clicking on these buttons , respectively.
5.2.2 Generating Placemarks
In GE, placemarks are used to identify locations. A placemark includes
standard icon, geographic location, and description. Sometimes photograph/s
of a particular place can be added to provide more information about the
location. A new placemark may be created by involving the following:
Creating a New Placemark: Position the viewer to contain the spot you want
to placemark. Consider zooming into the best viewing level for the desired
location. Select Placemark from the Add menu or click the Pushpin icon on the
toolbar menu at the top of the screen. The New Placemark dialog box appears
and a New Placemark icon is centered in the viewer inside a flashing yellow
square (Fig. 5.3). Position the placemark to your desired location by dragging it.
Set the following properties for the new placemark:
 name for the placemark
 description, style, colour,view,altitude,and icon
Click OK to apply the information you entered in the placemark dialog box.

Fig. 5.3: Creating a new placemark in Google Earth. (Source:

www.google.com/earth)

Saving Placemark/ Point of Interest: You can save any point of interest (POI)
displayed in the 3D viewer to the My Places folder by right-clicking on the
placemark in the viewer and selecting Save to My Places from the pop-up
menu.
Sharing a Placemark: After you have created a placemark, you can easily
share it with other on mail. To do this, right click on the placemark and choose
Email. It will open a new dialogue box asking for choose mail account for
sharing. Once you select email it will open outlook and asking for email
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addresses with whom you want to share the place (Fig. 5.4). Fill all the
necessary details and click on send to share.

Fig. 5.4: Sharing places via email.

5.3 CONSTRUCTION OF PATHS AND POLYGONS

GE allows us to draw a path or a polygon. A path is a line made up of several
points, generally used for roads, rivers, trails, or boundaries. A polygon is a
shape defined by several points and is created and edited in the same way as a
path. In simple words, if we draw a path and join the end points of the path then
it will become a polygon. You can draw free-form paths (lines) and polygons in
the 3D viewer and save them in your My Places folder. Paths and polygons
share all the features of placemark data, including name, description, style view
and location. Once you create a path, you can select and play a tour of it.
To create path or a polygon, position the 3D viewer to best contain the region
you want to mark. The more detailed your view, the more closely your drawing
can follow the land feature. From the Add menu, select Path or Polygon.
Alternately, in the toolbar select for drawing a path or select for
drawing a polygon. The New Path or New Polygon dialog box appears and the
cursor changes to a square drawing tool. Enter the properties for your drawing
just as you would for any other type of place’s data (Fig. 5.5 and 5.6).

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Fig. 5.5: Creating a path in Google Earth. (Source: www.google.com/earth)

If you are creating a polygon, you can make the shape of a 3D object. To do
this:
 click the Altitude tab
 slide the slider from Ground toward Space. This elevates the polygon and
check Extend sides to Ground. The polygon is now a 3D object.
Click OK to save your new polygon.

Fig. 5.6: Creating a polygon in Google Earth. (Source: www.google.com/earth)

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5.4 ADDING AN IMAGE OVERLAY

An image overlay is a graphic or map layered on top of the base imagery in GE.
It is useful to combine existing public map data including GIS data with other
information about an area. Creating an image overlay requires specifying a link
with other saved or web-based images. Images can be adjusted for size,
shape, and location until they overlay the correct area. To match with GE
imagery, overlaid maps or images must be aligned to north and be in the
WGS84 projection. You can add an image overlay in GE by considering the
following:
5.4.1 Overlay Requirements
When you create an image overlay, first select what image file is to display in
the 3D viewer. Overlay images can be taken from your computer, from your
network, or from a web site. The image format must be JPG, BMP, GIF, TIFF,
TGA or PNG. In this exercise we use political map of India downloaded from
https://www.burningcompass.com/countries/india/india-political-map.html.You
can download the same map or different map of your interest.
5.4.2 Transparency Adjustment
You can adjust the transparency of an overlay from completely transparent to
fully opaque whenever it is selected in the viewer (Fig. 5.7). By adjusting the
transparency of the overlay image, you can see how the overlay image
corresponds to the 3D viewer imagery beneath.

Fig. 5.7: Places panel showing overview slider for adjusting transparency of
image overview. (Source: www.google.com/earth)

5.4.3 Creating an Overlay

The following steps will describe how you can create an image overlay:
 position the 3D viewer in the location where you want to place the overlay
image file. If the overlay covers a large area, make sure the entire area is
encompassed in the 3D viewer with some margins for adjusting the imagery

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 select image overlay from the Add menu. The New Image Overlay dialog
box appears
 provide a descriptive name in the Name field
 in the Link field, enter the location of the image file you want to use as an
overlay or use the Browse button to locate it on your computer or network.
The image appears in the 3D viewer, with anchor points that you use
toposition it.
 specify the descriptive information for the overlay Click the Refresh tab and
set the correct refresh properties for your overlay imagery. Set the default
transparency for the imagery using the slider. When you select the View
tab, you can modify the view settings for the overlay and
 position the image in the viewer to your preferences and click OK to
complete the creation. If you later want to correct the overlay or reposition it,
simply edit the overlay.
5.4.4 Positioning an Image in the Viewer
Once you have inserted the overlay image into the viewer, you can use the
green markers to stretch and move the image in several ways to get the most
exact positioning required. An overlay image will have corner and edge marks
that you can use to stretch the image, a central cross hair marker to position the
image and a triangle marker that you can use to rotate the image. When you
select any one of them the cursor will change from an open hand to either a
finger-pointing hand or an arrow to indicate that an anchor point is selected.
Figs. 5.8 and 5.9illustrate the anchor points and overlaid image, respectively.

Fig. 5.8: Positioning an overlaid image. (Source:www.google.com/earth)

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In Fig. 5.8, you can use 1 for the center cross-hair marker to slide the entire
overlay on the globe and position it from the center, 2 for the triangle marker to
rotate the image for better placement, 3 for any of the corner cross-hair markers
to stretch or skew the selected corner and 4for any of the four side anchors to
stretch the image in or out of from the selected side.

Fig. 5.9: India map overlaid on Google Earth. (Source: www.google.com/earth)

5.4.5 Terrain Integration

When you create an overlay, it completely integrates with the terrain or shape
of the land beneath. For example, you might create an overlay of Valley of
flowers, Uttarakhand and be able to view the trails in relationship to the 3D view
of the mountains (Fig. 5.10).You can download the relief map used in this
exercise from the website of ‘Uttarakhand Solidarity Network map library’
(http://uttarakhand.org/library/maps/). For map overlay you must follow the step
discussed in section 5.4.3 of this chapter and for 3D view follow steps
mentioned in section 4.4.11 of previous exercise. In this way, the combination
of an overlay map and the 3D viewer imagery gives more information than
either one by itself.

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(a)

(b)

Fig. 5.10: Overlay image example: a) Overlay map with terrain off; and b) overlay
map with terrain on. (Source: www.google.com/earth)

5.4.6 Hiding/Deleting an Image Overlay

You can hide an existing image overlay by un-checking it in the Places panel.
To permanently delete an image overlay, right-click on it in the Places panel
and choose Delete.

5.5 USING PLACES PANEL

Once you are familiar with the basics of marking places on the Earth and
adding image overlays you can refer to this section to learn all the features
available to you in the Places panel.

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5.5.1 Organising Places Data

You can organise your saved data in the Places panel in a way like how you
would organise files and folders on your computer’s hard drive.
Creating Folders: You can create folders and move other folders, placemarks,
or shapes to them. To create a folder, right-click on a folder in the Places panel
and select Add → Folder from the pop-up menu. The folder you right clicked on
is automatically set as the container for the new folder. Once the New Folder
dialog box appears, you can set the name, description, style, colour and view.
Reordering Placemarks or Folders:You can reposition a placemark or folder
in three ways:
 drag it to a new position in a list of items
 drag and drop it over a folder and
 right-click the item and select Cut from the pop-up menu, followed by right-
clicking on the new position or folder and selecting Paste from the pop-up
menu.
In this way, you can put placemarks inside newly created folders, or you can
move an entire folder and its contents into another folder to create groups of
folders. To rename the item or folder, right-click on it and select Rename from
the pop-up menu. To delete an item/folder, right-click the entry and select
Delete from the pop-up menu.
5.5.2 Saving Places Data
You can save placemarks, shapes and entire folders (with their contents) to
your computer’s hard drive. The placemark file or folder is saved as a single file
in KMZ format, which you can open at any time in GE. You can share the saved
data with other GE users.
Save individual placemarks, shapes, or entire folders by right clicking the item
and selecting Save place as from the pop-up menu.
5.5.3 Opening Saved Placemarks
You can use the following methods to open placemarks, and folders saved to
the file system on your computer’s hard drive.
 From the File menu, select Open. Navigate to the folder on your computer
that contains KMZ or KML data you want to open in GE. Select the file and
click the Open button. The folder or placemark appears beneath the
Temporary Places folder and the 3D viewer flies to the view set for the
folder or placemark.
 Locate the file you want to open. Once you have located the file on your
computer, you can simply drag and drop KMZ file over the Places panel or
3D viewer. The 3D viewer loads the file and flies to the view set for the
folder or placemark.
5.5.4 Deleting Places Data
There are several ways you can remove data from the Places panel, for
example, by selecting:

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 delete - right click a placemark, folder, or other item in the Places panel and
select Delete from the pop-up menu.
 You can also delete items in the 3D viewer by right-clicking on the icon and
selecting Delete from thepop-up menu. This deletes the item from the
Places panel,and
 delete key - With the item selected in the Places panel, press the Delete
key in the keyboard. A dialog box asks to confirm the deletion. Click OK to
remove the item from the Places panel.
5.5.5 Showing and Hiding Places Data
Select or deselect the check box next to an item to show or hide the places
data respectively. To turn off the display for a single placemark or overlay in the
3D viewer, click the item to remove the check mark. To turn on a single item,
select the check box. For entire folders, you can turn on all items in the folder
by selecting the folder’s check box if it is not already selected. In this case, all
items in the folder are turned on. A subsequent click turns off all items in the
folder.

5.6 KEYHOLE MARKUP LANGUAGE (KML)

Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is the interoperability language of GE. It is
like HTML but is geared toward GIS systems instead of web pages. It is an
XML-based language for annotating maps using placemarks, polygonal shapes,
paths, descriptions, etc. In simple words, it is a language for managing three-
dimensional geospatial data in GE. You can create KML files to pinpoint
locations, add image overlays and expose rich data in new ways. KML is an
international standard maintained by Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC).You
can use KML to share places and information with other users of GE and
Google Maps.A KMZ (i.e., zipped KML) file is a compressed version of a KML
file.
5.6.1 Creating a KML File
KML can be created for placemarks, ground overlays, paths and polygons
using a text editor or authored directly in GE.A placemark is one of the most
used features in GE. It marks a position on the Earth’s surface, using a yellow
pushpin as the icon. The simplest placemark includes only a <Point> element,
which specifies the location of placemark.
KML code for the simple placemark looks like this:
<?xml version= “1.0” encoding= “UTF-8”?>
<kml xmlns= “http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2”>
<Placemark>
<name>IGNOU Course Work - Simple placemark</name>
<description>Gateway of India</description>
<Point>
<coordinates>72.83462,18.921975,0</coordinates>
</Point>
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</Placemark>
</kml>
The structure of this file breaks down as follows:
 an XML header. This is line 1 in every KML file. No spaces or other
characters can appear before this line.
 a KML name space declaration. This is line 2 in every KML 2.2 file.
 a placemark object that contains name, description, and point.
Running this KML code in search tab will create a KML point layer showing
gateway of India, Mumbai (Fig. 5.11).

Fig. 5.11: Gateway of India. (Source: www.google.com/earth)

5.6.2 Importing Vector Data as KML file

Geographic data is available in many formats. KML is one of the file formats
used prevalently other file formats are shapefile (.shp) and GeoTIFF. Shapefile
(.shp) is vector file format while raster files have formats like GeoTIFF, JPEG,
PNG etc. satellite images which is raster images having GeoTIFF file format.
Vector file as well as raster files can be imported in Google Earth Pro. If you do
not have vector data then you can download from survey of India
(https://onlinemaps.surveyofindia.gov.in/Digital_Product_Show.aspx). To import
vector files following steps-
 Go to file menu and select import.
 Browse to the folder in which you have kept your vector data and select the
file type as ESRI Shape (.shp) from file type menu (Fig. 5.12).
 You’ll see a notification asking if you want to create a Style Template.
Select Yes.
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 You can construct a style template for the state boundary, complete with
colours, labels, and icons, in the next Style Template Settings dialogue box.
 Select the shapefile field district to use for the name labels for the data in
Google Earth under the Name tab. The district field holds the name of
different districts can be seen in the preview table (Fig. 5.13a).
 Under the Color tab, select to Use random color, it will assign different
colours to different districts (Fig. 5.13b).

Fig. 5.12: Importing ESRI shapefile (.shp) in Google Earth Pro.

(a) (b)

Fig. 5.13: Style template setting for shapefile.

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 Keep Clamp features to ground selected under the Height tab. By doing
this, the districts boundary layer will remain fixed to the ground and follow
the terrain. To finish your style, click OK.
 You will be asked to save the newly produced style template in a pop-up
dialogue box. Click Save if you want to save it for later use. If not, press
Cancel.
 The data for the district boundary has been converted to KML and is now
visible in Google Earth (Fig. 5.14). Take note of the KML's appearance in
the Places panel's Temporary Places folder. Before closing Google Earth,
choose and drag this file to your My Places folder to preserve it for later
sessions.

Fig. 5.14: Vector file showing different districts of India imported in Google Earth
Pro.

5.6.3 Exporting KML to other Vector Formats

Google Earth Pro allows to save places in KML and KMZ format only. These
KML and KMZ files can be converted into shapefile using different tools like
Online KML to Shapefile Converter, Global Mapper, etc. You can try these
applications and convert your KML files.

5.7 GOOGLE EARTH IN GEOINFORMATICS

PROJECTS
High-resolution imagery from GE is highly useful for geoinformatics applications
like cadastral/parcel mapping, designing water distribution networks, planning
electrical layouts, managing cities and towns, and choosing suitable dam sites,

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and many others.The terrain information in GE can be used for topography,

geomorphology, and land use studies. Historical images of GE help in change
(natural and human induced) detection studies. The shoreline is a sensitive
habitat with dynamic characteristics because it goes through several coastal
processes that cause progradation and retrogradation. Quantifying these
changes and predicting future changes based on the trend of shifting shorelines
are both possible using Google Earth Pro.
Geoinformatics tools like GDAL tools, ESRI ArcGIS, QuantumGIS, etc. are
giving functionalities to export your project data into KML. With this feature you
can validate your GIS data by embedding them on GE. The Google layers
plugin of QuantumGIS allows you to download the Google images into your
local computer. With this feature you can have high resolution images for
executing your geoinformatics project.

5.8 GOOGLE MAPS

Google maps is a web mapping service application and technology provided by
Google (free for non-commercial use) that powers many map-based services
including the Google maps website, Google Ride Finder, Google Transit, and
maps embedded on third-party websites via the Google Maps API. It offers
street maps, a route planner for traveling by foot, car, or public transport and an
urban business locator for numerous countries around the world.
You can view Google maps in your web browser. Click and drag maps to view
adjacent sections immediately. View satellite images of your desired location
that you can zoom and pan. You can access Google maps by typing the
following URL in your web browser: https://www.google.com/maps. Some of
the uses of Google maps are listed below:
 to get directions for driving, walking or transportation directions
 to create and view your own personalised maps
 to search for places, businesses, and addresses
 to view layers like traffic, photos, videos, street view and more
 to print and share maps, and
 to measure distances between places.
5.8.1 Google Maps API
Google launched the Google Maps API (Application Programming Interface)in
June 2005 to allow developers to integrate Google maps into their websites.
Google maps has a wide array of APIs that let you embed the robust
functionality and everyday usefulness of Google maps into your own website
and applications and overlay your own data on top of them:
 maps JavaScript API: embed a Google map in your webpage using
JavaScript
 maps API for Flash: use this ActionScript API to embed a Google map in
your Flash-based web page or application
 Google Earth API: embed a true 3D digital globe into your web page

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 static Maps API: embed a fast and simple Google maps image in your web
page or mobile site without requiring JavaScript or any dynamic page
loading
 web Services: use URL requests to access geocoding, directions, elevation,
and places information from client applications and manipulate the results in
JSON or XML.
Google Maps API is free for commercial use providing that the site on which it
is being used is publicly accessible and does not charge for access.

5.9 LABORATORY EXERCISES

Submit answers to the following questions to your counsellor for
evaluation:
1) Snapshot of the generated place, path, and polygon.
2) Snapshot of the terrain overlay with and without terrain layer.
3) Snapshot of the vector layer imported in Google Earth Pro

5.10 EXERCISES: EXPLORE YOURSELF

1) Mark the Red fort as a placemark.
2) List the essential components of a placemark.
3) Trace the route to Red fort from the nearest bus stand/metro station or
airport in the form of line or path.
4) Find available map of your area and create an overlay.

5.11 REFERENCES
 Nijamir, K., Ameer, F., Thennakoon, S., Herath, J., Iyoob, A. L., Zahir, I. L.
M., ... & Madurapperuma, B. (2023). Geoinformatics application for
estimating and forecasting of periodic shoreline changes in the east coast of
Ampara District, Sri Lanka. Ocean & Coastal Management, 232, 106425.
 Kadurugamuwa, H. A. N. S., Dilthara, G. W. A. S., & Nandalal, H. K. (2023).
Application of GIS to Detect Vulnerability of Water Distribution System.
In 12th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction
Management (pp. 771-782). Springer, Singapore.
 Zada, N., Javed, M. A., Ahmad, S. R., & Waleed, M. (2023). Dam site
selection using remote sensing techniques and geographical information
system (GIS): A case study of Kurram Tangi North Waziristan.
 www.google.com/earth
 https://earth.google.com/intl/ar/userguide/v4/index.htm
 https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/learn/

5.12 FURTHER/SUGGESTED READINGS

 Pimpler, E. (2018), Google Earth Pro for Real Estate: Learn How to Use
Google Earth Pro for Your Real Estate Business, Geospatial Training
Services.
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 Google Earth User Guide, Accessed from URL:

https://earth.google.com/intl/ar/userguide/v4/index.htm
 KML Documentation, Accessed from
URL:http://code.google.com/apis/kml/documentation/

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 Google Earth help topics, Accessed from

URL:https://support.google.com/earth/?hl=en#topic=7364880
 Google Earth Outreach, Accessed from URL:
https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/learn/

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