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Comprehension Test On Patterns

The document outlines a comprehension test focused on arithmetic, geometric, and quadratic patterns in mathematics. It defines each pattern type, provides examples, and explains key concepts such as common difference and common ratio. The test includes questions for comprehension and application, assessing understanding and ability to identify and describe mathematical patterns.

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mathsp
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7 views8 pages

Comprehension Test On Patterns

The document outlines a comprehension test focused on arithmetic, geometric, and quadratic patterns in mathematics. It defines each pattern type, provides examples, and explains key concepts such as common difference and common ratio. The test includes questions for comprehension and application, assessing understanding and ability to identify and describe mathematical patterns.

Uploaded by

mathsp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comprehension Test: Arithmetic, Geometric, and Quadratic Patterns

MARKS: 25
TIME: 40 min
Instructions:

 Read the passage carefully.

 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

 Show all calculations and reasoning where necessary.

Exploring Patterns in Mathematics

Mathematics is full of patterns that help us understand relationships between numbers.


Three common types of patterns are arithmetic patterns, geometric patterns, and
quadratic patterns.

An arithmetic pattern occurs when the difference between consecutive terms is


constant. For example, in the sequence 3,6,9,12,... the difference between each term is
+3. This difference is called the common difference. The general rule for this pattern is
Tn = a +d(n-1). The “a” in the equation is your first term in your pattern, the “d” is your
constant difference.

A geometric pattern occurs when each term is obtained by multiplying the previous
term by a constant factor. For example, in the sequence 2,6,18,54,... each term is
multiplied by 3, called the common ratio. The general rule for this pattern is Tn = a r n−1.
The “a” in the equation is your first term in your pattern, the “r” is your constant ratio. To
find the constant ratio, you need to divide Term 2 by Term 1 and put it equal to Term 3
T2 T 3
divided by Term 2, in order to see if you have a constant ratio ( = =r ).
T1 T2
A quadratic pattern follows a more complex rule where the differences between
consecutive terms are not constant, but the second differences are constant. For
example, in the sequence 1,4,9,16,25,... the first differences are 3,5,7,9,... and the
second differences are constant at 2. This pattern has multiple functions to get to the
general rule of Tn = a n 2+ bn+c . To get the value of “a” in the equation, the function of
2 a=¿.. will be used. This function will always be equal to the first term of the second
difference, from there, you will solve “a”. To get the value of “b” in the equation, the
function of 3 a+ b=. . will be used. This function will always be equal to the first term of the
first difference, from there, the value of “a” is substituted an then you can solve “b”. To
get the “c” in the equation, the function of a+ b+c=. . will be used. This function will
always be equal to the first term of the pattern given. To get the value of “c” in the
equation, you have to substitute the value of “a” and “b” and then solve “c”. After all
three of these functions, you will have the general rule for the quadratic pattern.
These patterns have practical applications, from predicting trends in data to designing
structures and understanding nature. Recognizing and describing these patterns is an
important skill in mathematics.
Questions

Section A: Comprehension (15 Marks)

1. Define an arithmetic pattern and give an example from the passage.


(3)

2. What is a geometric pattern, and how is it different from an arithmetic


pattern? (3)

3. Explain the concept of second differences in a quadratic pattern. Use the


example from the passage to illustrate your answer.
(4)

4. Describe the terms "common difference" and "common ratio" and explain
how they are used to identify patterns.
(3)

5. Why are patterns important in mathematics? Provide one real-world


application mentioned in the passage.
(2)
Section B: Application (10 Marks)

6. Determine the next two terms in the arithmetic sequence 5,8,11,14,...


(2)

7. If the geometric sequence starts as 3,12,48,...find the next two terms.


(3)

8. The first few terms of a quadratic pattern are 2,7,14,23,...


a) List the first differences.
(1)
b) List the second differences.
(1)
c) Find the general rule.
(3)

TOTAL: 25 Marks
Memo

Section A: Comprehension (15 Marks)

1. Definition: An arithmetic pattern occurs when the difference between consecutive


terms is constant.
Example: 3,6,9,12,...
(3)

2. Definition: A geometric pattern occurs when each term is obtained by multiplying


the previous term by a constant factor.
Difference: In an arithmetic pattern, the difference is constant, while in a
geometric pattern, the ratio between terms is constant.
(3)

3. Explanation: Second differences in a quadratic pattern are obtained by finding


the differences between consecutive first differences.
Example: For the sequence 1,4,9,16,25 :

o First differences: 3,5,7,9

o Second differences: 2,2,2 (constant).


This confirms it’s a quadratic pattern.
(4)

4.

o Common difference: The constant difference in an arithmetic sequence


(e.g., +3 in 3,6,9,...).

o Common ratio: The constant factor in a geometric sequence (e.g., ×3 in


2,6,18,...).
These values help identify and describe patterns.
(3)

5. Patterns are important in mathematics because they help predict trends and solve
real-world problems.
Example: Predicting trends in data.
(2)

Section B: Application (10 Marks)

6. Arithmetic sequence:
Common difference: +3+3.
Next terms: 14+3=17, 17+3=20.
Answer: 17,20.
(2)

7. Geometric sequence:
Common ratio: ×4 .
Next terms: 48×4=192, 192×4=768.
Answer: 192,768
(3)
8. Quadratic sequence: 2,7,14,23
a) First differences:
5,7,9.
(1)

b) Second differences:
2,2 (constant).
(1)

c) General rule:
2 a=2 3 a+ b=5 a+ b+c=2
a=1 3 ( 1 ) +b=5 1+2+c=2
b=2 c=−1
2
∴ Tn=a n + bn+c
2
∴ Tn=n +2 n−1

(3)

Total: 25 Marks

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