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Module 2 Lesson 3 1

The document discusses the philosophy of education, emphasizing its connection to general philosophy and its impact on teaching practices. It outlines five major educational philosophies: Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, Existentialism, and Social Reconstructionism, each with distinct approaches to curriculum and student engagement. The text highlights the importance of preservice teachers understanding their educational philosophies to effectively guide their teaching methods and responsibilities.

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14 views6 pages

Module 2 Lesson 3 1

The document discusses the philosophy of education, emphasizing its connection to general philosophy and its impact on teaching practices. It outlines five major educational philosophies: Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, Existentialism, and Social Reconstructionism, each with distinct approaches to curriculum and student engagement. The text highlights the importance of preservice teachers understanding their educational philosophies to effectively guide their teaching methods and responsibilities.

Uploaded by

tacadaosabandanna
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

EDUCATION (MODULE)
EDUCATION 219 NORIE H. PALMA, Ph. D.

Philosophy of education is connected with general philosophy partly by its purposes but more directly
by its methods. To explain this we need to look at the nature of philosophy as an enterprise. In the
past it was thought to be the philosopher’s job to give a comprehensive and rational account of the
nature of reality and of man’s place in the scheme of things, and to deal with issues like the existence
of God, the immortality of the soul and the purpose of the universe.
MODULE 2:
OBJECTIVES

At the end of the


THE GENERAL AIMS OF EDUCATION period, the students
must:
LESSON 3: EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY UNDER CURRENT
CONSTITUTION a. Identified
the
💬ACTIVATE
general
Check the following words you’re already familiar with and define it aims of
briefly. education

_____________________ 1. Perennials
_____________________ 2. Essentialism
_____________________ 3. Progressivism
_____________________ 4. Existentialism
_____________________ 5. Realism

💬ACQUIRE

Within the epistemological frame that focuses on the nature of


knowledge and how we come to know, there are four major educational
philosophies, each related to one or more of the general or world
philosophies just discussed. These educational philosophical
approaches are currently used in classrooms the world over. They are
Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, and Reconstructionism.
These educational philosophies focus heavily on WHAT we should
teach, the curriculum aspect.

Developing and owning an educational philosophy is influential in


directing and guiding teachers in executing their teaching practices and
most importantly on the way how they look at their learners whom they
deliver their effort. Bilbao [5] affirmed that as teacher, one should have
a philosophy of education because it is a strong belief that is translated
into action that will guide them what to teach, how to teach, and why to
teach.

In this module, the main five (5) educational philosophies were


considered specifically essentialism, perennialism, progressivism,
existentialism and behaviorism. In brief descriptions, perennialism is
an educational philosophy adhering to the concept of conservative
point of view mainly focused on the intellectual and moral standards. It
emphasizes that schools must teach students with the ideas that are
everlasting and the search for enduring truths are constant. Values are constant and unchanging
through the literature, arts, philosophies, and religion

a. Essentialism refers to the educational philosophy which pertains to the traditional or „back
to basic movement” as approach in teaching. As the name implies, it seeks to instill learners
with the “essentials” of academic pursuit and knowledge. Educators espousing this
philosophy believe that teaching students with the mastery of 3Rs will make them competent
in the world. For these basic skills are essentials for an individual to live well in the modern
society. This philosophy encourages academic rivalry where the classroom is stiff and
controlled.
b. Progressivism as educational philosophy captures the belief that students manifest
meaningful learning when they are actively involved in learning activities that they have
interest with. Actual and experiential learning are important and will develop individual
learner‟s creativity and imagination. This philosophy emphasizes the different learning styles
and dispositions of students, their multiple intelligences and individual learning preferences.
The curriculum in this philosophy shows dynamism and relevance to the needs of the
society.
c. Existentialism is a philosophy that put much student‟s freedom to learn. It supports the
idea that to exist is to find the essence of life. It requires studentcentered teaching approach
where students are given the freedom of choice which they know will unleash their
potentials and creativity. Educators in this philosophy serve as facilitators who guide
students define their own essence by assisting them to various choices they would like to
take.
d. Social Reconstructionism philosophy aims to bring out the consciousness of an individual
about the social events, concerns and problems being confronted. This philosophy provides
vision of the better world by looking solutions and addressing social concerns and issues. It
purports the idea that teachers should be an instrument to encourage and lead students for
social reforms. Methods of teaching may include problem oriented type, community-based
learning and group discussions.

The different philosophical orientations of preservice teachers help them become better teachers in
profession. Their assumptions on the purpose of education ensure their choice of teaching as their
future career. Determining their existing philosophical orientations can help them understand and
modify their preservice teaching educational practices and align them into the appropriate instructional
approaches.

Pre-service teachers have to be guided with their beliefs, values, and knowledge and the nature and
meaning of education which are hinged on certain educational philosophy to define themselves as
professional teachers, manifest their role to students, define their responsibility in the school and
community, and on how they showcase and exhibit their expertise. The different philosophies espoused
by preservice teachers will be evidential in their choice of teaching methods, strategies and tactics
employed in the classroom including their dispositions and standards in dealing with their students.
💬APPLICATION

Check Your Progress!!!


Direction: read and answer the following questions.
1. In your current institution, what educational philosophy/ philosophies is/are observed.
Explain.
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💬ASSESSMENT

Read and answer the following questions.

1. This philosophy believes there’s no set curriculum. It should change depending on the interest
of the students.
a. Progressivism
b. Romanticism
c. Perennialism
d. Essentialism
2. The problem solving way to teach core curriculum, developing a student’s curiosity in the
process closely follows which philosophy?
a. Romanticism
b. Essentialism
c. Perrenialism
d. Progressivism
3. The educational philosophy which pertains to the traditional or „back to basic movement” as
approach in teaching.
a. Romanticism
b. Essentialism
c. Perrenialism
d. Progressivism
4. Who developed the philosophy of realism?
a. Thorndike
b. Curie
c. Aristotle
d. Newton
5. Which of the following educators has a major contribution to progressivism?
a. Jean Piaget
b. Betsy Devos
c. Salman Khan
d. John Dewey
6. REFLECTION…

At the end of this lesson, I learned that…


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REFERENCES:

Ornstein, Allan C. &Hunkins, Francis P. (2004). Curriculum Foundations, principles and Issues,
4th edition

Kerchoff, Alan C. (2001). Sociology of Education, Vol. 74, Extra Issue: Current of Thought:
Sociology of Education at Dawn of the 21th Century.report

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