Patterns of

Development
Here starts the
lesson!
 Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to::

1. Identify the different patterns of paragraph development

and its transition signals.

2. Write a short paragraph using any mode of paragraph

development.

3. Use critical thinking in accomplishing various tasks.

Table of Comparison and
Contents! Contrast

Pattern of development Classification and

Division
Narration
Cause and Effect
Definition
Exemplification Problem-solution

Description Persuasion
 01
Pattern of
Development
The logical arrangement of ideas is known as the
pattern of development. The pattern helps you
follow ideas easily and understand a text better.
Having the ability to recognize it will help you
distinguish major details from minor ones and
predict ideas.
 Narration The following signal words will help you
in identifying this pattern.
Key words: about before prior to
after during second
❖ Story telling afterwards eventually today
as soon finally presently
❖ Sequence
as first yesterday
❖ Imagination at this/that immediately next week
point

❖ Memory tomorrow when meanwhile

until in the soon
Example:
Ondoy began to develop from an active low pressure area to a
tropical cyclone on September 24, 2009. The following day,
PAGASA raised storm signals all over the Philippine archipelago.
At that point, signal no. 2 was raised in Catanduanes and other
parts of Luzon. By Saturday morning, reports of flooding started
to pour in. Meanwhile, President Arroyo declared a state of
calamity in Metro Manila. Immediately after President Arroyo’s
declaration, various government agencies began the rescue and
relief operations. As soon as Typhoon Ondoy exited the
Philippines, more and more relief and rescue operations were
conducted.
 Definition The following signal words will help you
in identifying this pattern.
Key words:

❖ “What does it mean?” is defined

as defined
means
refers to
to define
to illustrate

❖ Explain
❖ Define
Example:
Social engineering is defined as any method which tricks people
to share personal information using technology. The ‘social’
component in this scheme means that there is reliance on various
psychological tricks and on the gullibility of users rather than
technical hacking. Social engineering also refers to various
malicious acts online such as phishing, spamming, and
pretexting.
Exemplification The following signal words will help you
in identifying this pattern.
Key word:
after all for instance specifically
❖ Example as an in other words stated
example differently
consider the in particular that is
following
for example in short to be specific
namely to illustrate to clarify
Example:
While the internet offers so many benefits to man, it also has its
downsides. One of these is phishing, which refers to the act of
obtaining personal information, such as passwords and credit
card details, through online means. In other words, phishing is a
form of cybercrime. As an example, let us consider the case of
Mr. X. he received an email stating that his Gmail account has
been compromised and that he needed to click a link to update
personal information. If Mr. X clicks on the link, his personal
information will be illegally acquired by cybercriminals.
 Description The following signal words will help you
in identifying this pattern.
Key words:
above around between
❖ Details across below inside
near in front of outside
❖ Sensory/senses beneath under against
beside behind over
❖ Spatial/location
Example:
A laptop is one of the greatest inventions of the modern era. It is
a lightweight device that can save a vast amount of information.
The screen, touchpad, speakers, keyboard, battery, and AC
adapter are the basic parts of a laptop. The most noticeable part
of a laptop is its screen, which is responsible for displaying
information. Another major component is the keyboard. On it are
the keys needed to enter data into the computer. Near the
keyboard you will find a smooth, rectangular surface which acts
like a desktop computer mouse – this is the touchpad.
Activity!
Tell Me a Story!
Comparison and The following signal words will help you
Contrast in identifying this pattern.

Signal words for Comparison

Key words: Also In the same In comparison
Equally Like To compare
❖ Similar likewise Similarly both

❖ Different Signal words for Contrasting

although Despite Instead
But In contrast Opposed to
conversely On the other On the
hand contrary
Example:
Are you not sure yet which phone to buy? To help you decide, this
review will inspect the basic similarities and differences of the
flagship phones of two giant companies: Apples iPhone 6 and
Samsung’s Galaxy S5. Both brag to be the best smart phones in
the market to date.
While these state-of-the-art phones have similarities in the form
of sleek design, multi-touch touch screen, and multimedia
features, they have their distinctive features as well.
Activity!
Compare
and Contrast
 Vacation with
Family

Vacation with
Friends
 Classification The following signal words will help you
and Division in identifying this pattern.

Signal words for Classification and Division

Key words: Another kind One kind First category
Classified as The next part Another
❖ Categories Last group Final type

❖ Criteria
❖ Standards
Example:
Earthquakes can be classified into three main types based on the
plate movements. The first type is known as a convergent
boundary. Also known as destructive plate boundary, this type of
earthquake happens when two tectonic plates move toward one
another and collide. The second type of earthquake is called
divergent boundary. During this type of earthquake, two plates
are forced to move away from each other resulting in a rift zone.
The last type is called the conservative plate boundary or
transform fault. During this type of earthquake, two tectonic
plates slide past one another.
Cause and Effect The following signal words will help you
in identifying this pattern.

Key words: Signal words for Causes

As In view of Owing to
❖ Reason Because since Seeing that
Due to reason In that
❖ Consequences
Signal words for Effects
Accordingly result In consequence
So that therefore Thus
consequently hence For this reason
 Problem- The following signal words will help you
solution in identifying this pattern.

Signal words for Problem-Solution

Key words: But The problem One way is
Nonetheless The solution First
❖ WH questions One solution One solution Second

❖ Effects
❖ Solution
 Persuasion The following signal words will help you
in identifying this pattern.

Key words: Signal Words for Emphasizing a Point

Again Indeed To repeat
❖ Issue In fact Truly To emphasize

Signal Words for Concluding and Summarizing

❖ Position Accordingly Therefore Thus
In short In summary To sum up
❖ Evidence
Signal Words for Conceding a Point
Admittedly Of course Unquestionably
Obviously Certainly Undoubtedly
Glossary Comparison and
Contrast
Cause-effect – This pattern organizes ideas
– This pattern organizes details based on how the events, places,
based on the cause, the reason, people, things, and concepts are
and the result or consequences of similar to or different from one
a certain phenomenon. another.

Classification Definition
-This pattern organizes ideas - This pattern explains the
into categories or divisions information through the use of
based on criteria and illustrations, examples, and
standards. descriptions.
Glossary
Exemplification
– This pattern presents the Problem-solution
general statement and then
provides specific and concrete This pattern organizes ideas into
examples to expound on the main problems and proposed
idea. solutions

Persuasion
– This pattern organizes ideas
to show how a set of evidence
leads to a logical conclusion or
argument.
 Concepts we should not forget
Writing is a complex process. No one is born a writer!
Becoming a good writer takes time and a lot of practice.
But with the knowledge of writing patterns, you can
organize your ideas and present them in a manner that is
best suited to explain or elaborate your topic. Remember
that before you start writing you should also know your
purpose so you can put your composition in a proper
form. Do you want to explain a concept? Do you want to
tell a story? Or convince someone to agree with your
point of view? Whatever you want to do, you must be
familiar with the patterns of written texts.
 Concepts we should not forget
Narration simply tells a story to prove your main point.
Description is used to stimulate mental images using sensory
impressions. Definition provides meaning. A word can be
defined formally, informally, theoretically or by referring to its
etymology. Exemplification provides illustration to support the
main topic. Classification groups people, things, ideas and
concepts according to their category. Comparison and
contrast features the similarities and differences of two or more
subjects. Cause and effect establishes relationships between
events. Problem-solution presents problems and
corresponding solutions. Lastly, persuasion shows an
argument to which you want a reader to believe or act upon.
Thank you ☺