Exercise 2.

4 ( page 105 )
1. Say true or false.

2.

3.
4.

5.
6.Find limits.

√3 , 1

lim ¿ 2
h +4 h+5−5
(√ h2+ 4 h+5− √ 5) .( √ h2+ 4 h+5 + √5 ) ¿ =h lim ¿ =
h → 0+ ¿
h .( √ h2 +4 h+5+ √ 5)
+¿
→0 ¿
h.( √ h + 4 h+5 + √ 5)
2

2
lim ¿ h 4h lim ¿
+ h . √ h + 4 h+ 5+ √ 5
( ) =
h . ( √ h2+ 4 h+ 5+ √ 5 )
h→0 ¿
+¿ 2 h →0 ¿
+¿

h 4 2
( √ h + 4 h+5+ √ 5)
2 + (√ h2 + 4 h+5+ √5) = √5

1, – 1

2
1, 3
 3u 3u
3u sin sin
sin 4 3 4 3 3u
4 = 3u 4 = 4 3u = 4 4y = u 3y = 4
u .
4 3 4
1
1 1
xcsc2 x x. sin 2 x 1
cos 5 x = sin 2 x = x = 2 = 2
cos 5 x 1
cos 5 x
x+ xcosx x xcosx
sinxcosx
= sinxcosx
+ sinxcosx
=1+1=2
θ θ
sin .
2 2
2 θ θ 2 θ2
1−(1−2 sin ) 2 sin sin θ 1
2 = 2 = 2 = 2 . sin = 2 . sin = 0
sin 2θ 2. sinθ .cosθ . sinθ
sinθ .θ
θ
θ θ
2 sin2 sin
2 2
θ θ
= θ
=0
2sin . cos . cosθ cos . cosθ
2 2 2
sin 3 x .3 x
sin 3 x sin 3 x 3x 3
cos 3 x . sin 8 x = sin 8 x = sin 8 x .8 x = 8
8x
tanθ sin 3θ
.1. =3
θ θ .cos 3θ
3 1 1 3
1, 4 , 2, 2 , 2, 0, 1, 2 , 0, 8 ,3

( write formulas of limits of tri.functions )

7.

Yes, if they are same, then that is the limit, if not same, we say there is no
limit.
8.

Odd functions are symmetric about origin which means both x and y
coordinates change sign so when we approach “0” from right we are
taking “+” values that correspond to “3”, but when we approach to “0”
from left we are taking “– “ values this time that they will correspond to
“– 3”
9.
 0=L f ( x ) – L   c=

x – c   x – c  
x – 5   |√ x−5|   x–52
10.

lim ¿ = 400 ( for very little greater numbers then 400, ⌊x⌋ = 400 )
+¿
x→ 400 ⌊ x ⌋ ¿

lim ¿ = 400 ( for very little smaller numbers then 400, ⌊x⌋ = 399 )
−¿
x→ 400 ⌊ x ⌋ ¿

lim ¿ lim ¿
So; because; x→ 400 ⌊x ⌋ ¿
≠ x→ 400
+¿
⌊x ⌋¿
we can say that there is no limit when;
−¿

lim ⌊ x ⌋
x→ 400

Exercise 2.5 ( page 116 )

11. Say whether the function graphed is continuous on [ – 1, 3]. If not,
where does it fail to be continuous and why?

No; discontinuous at x=2; not defined at x=2, Continuous

12.
Yes,yes,yes,yes

No,no

0
13. At what points are the functions in following exercises continuous?
All x except x = 2, All x except x = 3, x = 1, All x, All x except x = 0, All x
nπ nπ −3
except 2 , n any integer, All x except 2 , n odd integer, All x ≥ 2 ,

All x, All x

14. Are the functions continuous at the point being approached?

2
2 2 y sin y
sec ( y sec y – tan y – 1 ) = sec ( 2
− 2 −1¿
cos y cos y
=
 2 2 1
y sin y cos y y−1 1
sec ( − 2 − 2 ¿ = sec ( ¿ = y−1 = =1
2
cos y cos y cos y
2
cos y cos( 2
) cos 0
cos y

15.

3 4 5 −1
g ( 3 ) = 6, f ( 1 ) = 2 ,a= 3 , – 2 and 3, a = 2 and b = 2

16. Graph the function ƒ to see whether it appears to have a continuous

extension to the origin. If it does, use Trace and Zoom to find a good
candidate for the extended function’s value at x=0. If the function does
not appear to have a continuous extension, can it be extended to be
continuous at the origin from the right or from the left? If so, what do
you think the extended function’s value(s) should be?

(graph the function )no, the function cannot be extended to be continuous

at x=0. It can be extended to be continuous at the origin from the right, if
f(0)=1, or from the left if f(0) = – 1 ( graph the function )
17.

From the Intermediate Value Theorem, since f(0) < 0, f(1) > 0, and f is
continuous, we must have that f(x) = 0 at some x between 0 and 1.
Graphically this means that there’s no way to jump over f(x) = 0 since f is
continuous
( graph and explain )
18.

20.

2
x −4
f(x)= x+ 2

21.
There are infinite rational and irrational numbers both from left and
right side of any point no matter it is rational or irrational of x. f ( x ) is
discontinuous at every point from right and left of any point as well..
22.

1
No, if we choose, f ( x ) = x g(x)=x3

23.

If a continuous function has values of opposite sign inside an interval,

then it has a root in that interval (Bolzano's theorem)
So reverse of this definition means that f ( x ) never changes sign if it does
not have root. ( zero ) on given interval.
24.

25.

x–c=h x=c+h lim f (x ) =f(c)

x →c

If there is limit value when x approaching to “c” this means that from left
of “c”,within an interval of very smaller points ( like very near points to
“c” ) less then c, f ( x ) = f ( c ) ; whereas from right of “c”,within an
interval of very smaller points ( like very near points to “c” ) greater then
c, f ( x ) = f ( c ) , this is only possible with continuity of f ( x ) at c point.

Exercise 2.6 ( page 129 )

26.
0, – 2, 2, does not exist, – 1, ∞, does not exist, 1, 0
27. Find the limits for x  ∞ and x  – ∞

1 1 −5 −5
– 3 and– 3, 2 and 2 , 3 and 3

28.

−1 sin 2 x 1
0, – 1 – 1 ≤ sin2x ≤ 1 x ≤ x ≤ x ( sandwich theo.)
sint sint
t. t.
2−t+ sint 2 t t 2 t t
t +cost = −
t+ cost t+ cost
+
cost = cost
−
cost
+
cost
t (1+ ) t(1+ ) t (1+ ) t(1+ )
t t t t

0–1=–1
29. Find the limits for x  ∞ and x  – ∞
2
5
and 25 , 0 and 0. 7 and 7, 0 and 0, ∞ and ∞

Denominator  numerator , limit = 0

Denominator  numerator , limit = ∞
Denominator = numerator , limit = coefficient ratio

1
2, ∞, 0, 1, ∞, 1, 2

30.Find limits.
 3
2z
x
, 8 ,
√3 4 − 1 = √3 4− √3 4 =0 , (x−2)(x−1)
2 z(1+ ) 2 √3 2 2 x 2 (x−2)
x(1− ) x
x

(√3 22)
∞, – ∞, – ∞, ∞, ∞ and – ∞, ∞, ∞, – ∞, ∞ and – ∞ and – ∞ and ∞, – ∞ and ∞
3 1 1 1
and 0 and 2 , – ∞ and 4 and 4 and 4 and – ∞, – ∞ and ∞, ∞ and ∞ and ∞
and ∞

31. Graph the rational functions in Exercises, Include the graphs and
equations of the asymptotes and dominant terms.
 1
x+2

1+

32. sketch the graph of a function y=ƒ(x) that satisfies the given
conditions.

33.
 3 3
x (2+ ) x (2+ )
2 x +3 x (2+ 0) x (2+ 0)
f(x)= x−2
lim
x→ ∞ 2 = (1−0)
=2 lim
x→−∞ 2 = (1−0) = 2
x (1− ) x (1− )
x x

34.

One horizontal asymptote: ratio of coefficients of with equal biggest x

powers.
35.

2 2 2 2
−3 x +2
x + 25−x +1 4 x −4 x −3 x+ 2 −3 x +2 −3 x +2 −3
( √ x 2+ 25+ √ x 2−1)
, 2 x− √ 4 x 2+3 x−2
=
√
2 x− 4 x (1+
2 3 2
− 2)
4x 4x
= 2 x−(−2 x) = 4x = 4

2 2 5x
x + 3 x−x +2 x 5x
( √ x 2+ 3 x + √ x 2−2 x )
=
√ 3
√ 3
x (1+ )+ x 2 (1− )
2
x x
= 2x

−3 5
0, 4 , 2

36. Use formal definitions to prove the limit statements

x – c   f(x) –B or x – c   f(x) B
37. Graph the rational functions in following exercises.. Include the
graphs and equations of the asymptotes.
 2 2
x −1+ 1 x −1 1 ( x−1)(x +1) 1
+
x −1 = x−1 x−1 = x −1 + x−1

Exercise 3.1 ( page 140 )

38. In following exercises, use the grid and a straight edge to make a
rough estimate of the slope of the curve (in y-units per x-unit) at the
points P1 and P2

1, 5
5
2
, −1
2

39. find an equation for the tangent to the curve at the given point. Then
sketch the curve and tangent together.

y = – 2x , m = – 2. – 1 = 2 y – 3 = 2.( x + 1 ) y = 2x + 5
1
y = √ x , m = 1 y – 2 = 1.( x – 1 ) y=x+3

y = 3x2 , m = 3.( – 2 )2 = 3.4 = 12 y + 8 = 12.( x + 2 ) y = 12x + 16

40.find the slope of the function’s graph at the given point. Then find an
equation for the line tangent to the graph there.

y = 2x y = 2.2 = 4
1. ( x−2 )−1. x 1. ( 3−2 )−1.3 1−3
y = (x−2)
2 y = (3−2)
2 = 1 =–2

y = 3.t2 y = 3.22 = 12
1 1 1
y = 2 √ x y = 2 √ 4 = 4

41.Find the slope.

y = 5 – 6.x y = 5 – 6.1 = 5 – 6 = – 1
−1 −1 −1 −1
y = ( x−1)2 y = (3−1)2 = 2
2 = 4

−1
– 1, 4

42.

c) P( t ) =12.20t – 9.28 = 12.20x5 – 9.28 = 51.72

43. At what points do the graphs of the functions in following exercise has
horizontal tangents?

( – 2, – 5 )
 −b −4
x= 2a = 2 = –2 ( – 2 ) 2 + 4. ( – 2 ) – 1 = – 5

44.

−1 −1 1
y = ( x−1)2 y = ( x−1)2 = – 1 x=0 y = ( x−1) = – 1
1
x=2 y = (2−1) = 1 y – ( – 1 ) = – 1. ( x – 0 )

y – 1 = – 1. ( x – 2 ) y=–x–1
y=3–x
45.

dy
dt
= – 9.8t – 9.8x2 = – 19.6 m/sec. : velocity

– 19.6 = 19.6m/sec.
46.

dA
dr
= 2r = 2.3 =6

47.

If point ; ( x0, mx0 + b ) is a point on tangent line which belongs to;

y
y = mx + b then the slope; m = x equation must provide line equation.

Any point ( x0, y0 ) on y = mx + b then slope should be;

y0
m= x0

y0
( x0, mx0 + b ) is given. If we take y0 = mx0 + b m = x0
is provided.
48.

yes
49.

Yes
Exercise 3.2 ( page 147 )
50. find the values of the derivatives as specified.

−1 −2 3 3 1 3
– 2x, 6, 0, – 2 – 2.t – 3, 2, 4 , 3 √3 2 √3 θ
, 2 √3 , 2 , 2 √2

51. Find derivatives.

1. ( 2 t+ 1 )−2 t 1
2 = 2
(2 t+ 1) (2 t+1)

6x2, ,
52. differentiate the functions and find the slope of the tangent line at the
given value of the independent variable.
 ,
−9 −9 −9
f(x)=1+ x
2 f  ( – 3 ) = 1 + (−3)2 = 1 + 9 =1–1=0

s  = 3t2 – 2t = 3.(– 1)2 – 2.(– 1) = 3 + 2 = 5

53. differentiate the functions. Then find an equation of the tangent line
at the indicated point on the graph of the function.

−8
( x−2) 2 √ x−2

54.find values of derivatives.

2 1
=
2.(4−θ) √ 4−θ ( 4−0) √ 4−0

55.
 1 1
− x+ 2−x−2−h −1
f(x)= z +2+h z = (x +2)( x +2+h ) . h = (x +2)( x +2 )
h
x +h x
− ( x+ h )( x−1 )−x ( x+ h−1) −1
g(x)= z +h−1 x−1 = (x +h−1) ( x−1 ) . h
= ( x−1) ( x −1 )
h

,
56.Match the graphs of functions with graphs of derivatives.

b, a, d, c
57.
58.
59.

60. Compute the right-hand and left-hand derivatives as limits to show

that the functions in following exercises are not differentiable at the point
P.
61.Determine if following function is differentiable at origin.

62. At what domain points does the function appear to be a.

differentiable? b. continuous but not differentiable? c. neither continuous
nor differentiable? Give reasons for your answers.
63.
64.

First let’s find differential of y = 2x2 – 13x + 5

y = 4x – 13 = – 1 4x = 12 x=3
y = 2.32 – 13.3 + 5 = 18 – 39 + 5 = – 16 ( 3, – 16 ) m = – 1
y – ( – 16 ) = – 1.( x – 3 ) y + 16 = 3 – x x + y + 13 = 0
65.

If f ( x ) is differentiable at point x0 ; then,

lim ¿ lim ¿
x→ x 0
+¿ f ( x ) −f (x 0)
¿
= x→ x 0
−¿ f ( x ) −f (x0 )
¿
=a
x−x 0 x− x 0

Let’s look at – f ( x )
lim ¿ lim ¿
x→ x 0 +¿
f ( x0 )−f (x)
¿
= x→ x 0
−¿
f ( x 0 )−f (x)
¿
= –a
x−x 0 x−x 0

So – f ( x ) is also differentiable at point x0

66.
Limit can exist but it must not be equal to “0”. g ( t ) / h ( t ) can have
limit for other then point “0”, while by suitable simplifications
g ( t ) / h ( t ) can have limit on point “0” which must not be equal to “0”.
67.

( graph the functions )

68.

Graph of derivative of f ( x ) = x is same with graph of y = x / x, and

both of them are not derivative at point “0” since right and left
derivatives are different.