Exercise 2.

1 ( page 78 )
1. Find the average rate of change of the function over the given
interval or intervals.

f ( x 2 )−f (x 1) 28−9 f ( x 2 )−f (x 1) 2−0

x2 −x1
= 3−2
= 19 x2 −x1
= 2−0
=1

h ( x 2) −h(x 1 ) −1−1 −2 h ( x 2) −h(x 1 ) 0− √ 3 −√ 3

−4 −3 √3
x 2−x 1
= 3π π
− = π = π x 2−x 1
= π π
− = π = π
4 4 2 2 6 3

2. Find the slope of the curve at the given point P, and an equation of
the tangent line at P.

y = 2x y = 2.2 = 4 = m y – y1 = m. ( x – x1 )
y – ( – 1 ) = 4. ( x – 2 )
y + 1 = 4x – 8 y = 4x – 9

y = 2x – 2 y = 2.2 – 2 = 2 = m y – ( – 3 ) = 2. ( x – 2 )
y + 3 = 2x – 4 y = 2x – 7

y = 3x2 y = 3.22 = 12= m y – 8 = 12.( x – 2 )

y – 8 = 12x – 24 y = 12x – 16

y = 3x2 – 12 y = 3.12 – 12 = – 9 = m y – ( – 11 ) = – 9 . ( x – 1 )
y + 11 = – 9x + 9 y = – 9x – 2
 3.

650−220 650−380
a) 20−10  43 20−13  46

4.
5.
6.
 3
b) 4 hrs. 3 miles

1 hrs. 4 miles
Exercise 2.2 ( page 88 )
7.
8.
9.

1
As x approaches 1 from the left, x−1 approaches to – ∞ , As x approaches 1
1
from the right, x−1 approaches to ∞ .

10.
Nothing can be said, no, no, no.
11.

−25 3
– 4, – 8, 2 , 16, 2

12.

1
10
,–7, 3
2
, −2
4

13.
(x −5) ( x +5)(x−2) (t +2)( t−1) −2(x +2)
( x−5)(x +5)
, (x+5)
, (t−1)(t+ 1) , x 2 .( x+2)
 1 1−x 2
4 1 4 9 −1 −1 (u−1)(u+ 1)(u +1)
– 1, , , 4, ,
3 6 8 4
x = x = x , (u−1)(u2 +u+1) ,
( x−1) ( x−1)
( √ x−3)
2
( x−1)( √ x+ 3+2) ( x−1)( √ x+ 3+2) x +12−16
, = , =
( √ x−3)( √ x+ 3) x+ 3−4 (x−1) ( x−2)( √ x 2+12+ 4)
2
x −4 (x−2)(x +2) 2
4−x + 5 (3−x)(3+ x)
= , =
( x−2)( √ x +12+ 4)
2
( x−2)( √ x +12+ 4)
2
(x +3) ( x+3 ) (2+ √ x2−5)

14.

1
– 1 , 1, 3 , √ 4−π

15.

5
– 10, – 20, – 1 , 7
 −7
4, – 21, – 12, 3

17.

√ 5 ( sandwich theo.)

18.

1, sandwich the.
19.

2
x −1
= ( x−1)(x +1) = – ( x – 1 )
|x|−1 −x −1
 20.

t – 0.1 – 0.01 – 0.001 – 0.0001 – 0.00001 – 0.000001

g(t) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
t 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.000001
g(t) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
limit is equal to 0.5

21.

x – 0.1 – 0.01 – 0.001 – 0.0001 – 0.00001 – 0.000001

f(x) 1 1 1 1 1 1
x 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.000001
f(x) 1 1 1 1 1 1
limit is equal to 1

22.

( √3 x+1−1 ) .( √3 ( x+1 )2 + √3 x +1+1) x+1−1

= = 13
x( √( x +1 ) + √ x+1+1)
3
x .( √ ( x +1 ) + √ x+1+1)
3 2 3 2 3

Exercise 2.3 ( page 97 )

23. Sketch the interval (a, b) on the x-axis with the point c inside. Then
find a value of δ  0 such that for all x, 0  x – c δ  a  x  b.

56 63 72
126
, 126
, 126

24. Use the graphs to find a δ  0 such that for all x ; 0  x – c  δ 

ƒ(x) – L  ε
 7
δ = 0.1 δ = 16
δ = √5 – 2 δ = 0.36

25. In each case, find an open interval about c on which the inequality
ƒ(x) – Lε holds. Then give a value for δ  0 such that for all x
satisfying 0  x – c δ the inequality ƒ(x) – L ε holds.
( 3.99, 4.01 ) δ = 0.01 , x – 4  0.01 4 – 0.01  x  4 + 0.01

( – 0.19, 0.21 ) δ = 0.19 , √ x+ 1 – 1  0.1

1 – 0.1  √ x+ 1  1 + 0.1 0.9  √ x+ 1 1.1
0.81  x + 1  1.21 0.81 – 1  x  1.21 – 1

( 3, 15 ) δ = 5 , √ 19−x – 3  1
3 – 1  √ 19−x  1 + 3 2  √ 19−x  4
4  19 – x  16 – 15  – x  – 3

10 2 1 1 1 1 1
(3,5) δ = 3  x − 4   0.05 – 0.05 + 4  x  0.05 + 4
1
0.2  x  0.3

( – √ 4.5 , – √ 3.5 ) δ =  – √ 4.5 + 2  0.12

 x 2−4  0.5 – 0.5 + 4  x 2  0.5 + 4 3.5  x 2  4.5
– √ 4.5  x  – √ 3.5
(√ 15 , √ 17 )  x 2−5−¿ 11 1 – 1  x2 – 1 6  1
15  x 2  17 √ 15  x  √ 17 δ = √ 17 – 4  0.12
mx – 2m 0.03
0.03 0.03
– 0.03 + 2m  mx  0.03 + 2m 2– m x2+ m
0.03 0.03 0.03
(2– m ,2+ m ) δ = m
 1 c 1 c c m
( 2 – m , 2 + m ) δ = m mx + b – ( 2
+b ¿  c
m m 1 c 1 c
–c+ 2  mx  c + 2 2 – m x 2 + m

26. Find L= lim ƒ(x). Then find a number δ  0 such that for all x
xc
0  x – c δ  ƒ(x) – L ε

3 – 2x + 3   0.02 – 0.02 – 6  – 2x  0.02 – 6

– 6.02  – 2x  – 5.98 2.99  x  3.01 – 0.01  x – 3  0.01
L=–3 δ = 0.01

2
−4 ( x−2)(x +2)
 xx −2 – 4 0.05  (x −2)
– 4 0.05 x + 2 – 4 0.05

x – 2   0.05
L=4 δ = 0.05

√ 1−5 x−4 0.5 – 0.5 + 4  √ 1−5 x  0.5 + 4

3.5 √ 1−5 x  4.5 12.25  1 – 5x  20.25
12.25 – 1  – 5x  20.25 – 1 11.25  – 5x  19.25
– 3.85  x  – 2.25 – 2.25 – ( – 3 ) = 0.75
L=4 δ = 0.75

Prove the limit statements.

( show with graph )

From right; 6.1 – 4 = 2 From left; 4 – 2.1 = 4 – 2 = 2 bec.2 = 2 it’s true.

1
x
=t – 1 ≤ sint ≤ 1

−1
t
≤ sint
t
≤ 1
t
lim
1
t
= lim −1
t
= 0 According to sandwich theory,
t →∞ t →∞

1
sin
sint x
lim
t →∞ t = lim
x →0 1 =0
x

27.
 −1 1 1 3
f(x)=x+1 x1 2 x–1 2 2 x  2 but we accepted
x  1 in definition, so this interval doesn’t provide the condition.
−1 1 3 5
f(x)=x x1 2 x–2 2 2 x  2 but we accepted

x  1 in definition, so this interval doesn’t provide the condition.

1 3 −1 1 3
x–1≥ 2 x≥ 2 or x–1≤ 2 x≤ 2 ( x  1 , so we take x ≥ 2 )
1 5 −1 3 3
x–2≥ 2 x≥ 2 or x–2≤ 2 x≤ 2 ( x  1 , so we take x ≤ 2
,

restricted as x  1 )

Others can’t be limit as right and left values of f ( x ) approaching to “1” aren’t
equal.
 2 2
 π4x – 9 ≤ 0.01 8.99 ≤ πx
4
≤ 9.01 11.45 ≤ x 2 ≤ 11.47

3.383 ≤ x ≤ 3.386
[3.384, 3.387]. To be safe, the left endpoint was rounded up and the right
endpoint rounded down.
29.

Right and left values are not equal. Limit is not the value of f ( x ) value
at given point.