Research: is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge It involves the

unbiased collection, organization and analysis of information to increase understanding of a topic or

issue. A research project may be an expansion on past work in the field.

To test the validity of: Instruments, Procedures, Experiments, Research may replicate elements of prior
projects or the project as a whole.

Etymology: The word research is derived from the Middle French "recherche", which means "to go
about seeking", the term itself being derived from the old French term "recerchier" a compound word
from "re-" + "cerchier", or "sercher", meaning 'search'. The earliest recorded use of the term was in
1577.

Research: Research in simplest terms is searching for knowledge and searching for truth. In formal sense
it is a systematic study of a problem attacked by a deliberately chosen strategy which starts with
designing research hypotheses, choosing methods and techniques, selecting or developing data
collection tools, processing the data, interpretation and ends with presenting solution/s of the problem.

Another definition of research is given by John W. Creswell, who states that "research is a process of
steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue". It
consists of three steps: pose a question, collect data to answer the question, and present an answer to
the question.

Original research, also called primary research, is research that is not exclusively based on a summary,
review, or synthesis of earlier publications on the subject of research. This material is of a primary-
source character. The purpose of the original research is to produce new knowledge, rather than to
present the existing knowledge in a new form (e.g., summarized or classified).

Basic versus applied science: Applied science focuses on the development of technology and
techniques. In contrast, basic science develops scientific knowledge and predictions, principally
in natural sciences but also in other empirical sciences, which are used as the scientific foundation for
applied science. Basic science develops and establishes information to predict phenomena and perhaps
to understand nature, whereas applied science uses portions of basic science to
develop interventions via technology or technique to alter events or outcomes.

Applied science: Develops technology and techniques, uses portions of basic science to
develop interventions via technology or technique to alter events or outcomes.

Basic science: Develops scientific knowledge and predictions, principally in natural sciences but also in
other empirical sciences, which are used as the scientific foundation for applied science, Develops and
establishes information to predict phenomena and perhaps to understand nature.

Materials: The materials are simply the raw materials, tools, subject and/or important chemicals used in
your experiments. Basically, it is the important details of WHAT you use in your research.

It is necessary to take into account the legislation of the country where the research is conducted on the
inclusion of animals or humans in the experiment. the observation or experiment participants (patients
or laboratory animals) selected accordingly; Selection and exclusion criteria as well as population
source. Because the significance of gender and age is not always clear, authors should explain the need
to use these data in the study (e.g, authors should explain why only certain ages are considered, why
women are excluded from the study). The main principle should be _ "how much and why" was studied.

Sources of information: often categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary material. These

classifications are based on the originality of the material and the proximity of the source or origin. This
informs the reader as to whether the author is reporting information that is first hand or is conveying the
experiences and opinions of others which is considered second hand. Determining if a source is primary,
secondary or tertiary can be tricky. Below you will find a description of the three categories of
information and examples to help you make a determination.

Material type is another categorization of information A source is either a: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary.

1st These sources are records of events or evidence as they are first described or actually happened
without any interpretation or commentary. It is information that is shown for the first time or original
materials on which other research is based. Primary sources display original thinking, report on new
discoveries, or share fresh information. Examples of primary sources: Theses, dissertations, scholarly
journal articles (research based), some government reports, symposia and conference proceedings.

2st These sources offer an analysis or restatement of primary sources. They often try to describe or
explain primary sources. They tend to be works which summarize, interpret, reorganize, or otherwise
provide an added value to a primary source. Examples of Secondary Sources: Textbooks, edited works,
books and articles that interpret or review research works, histories, biographies, literary criticism and
interpretation, reviews of law and legislation, political analyses and commentaries.

3st These are sources that index, abstract, organize or compile other sources. Some reference materials
and textbooks are considered tertiary sources when their chief purpose is to list, summarize or simply
repackage ideas or other information. Tertiary sources are usually not credited to a particular author.
Examples of Tertiary Sources: Dictionaries/encyclopedias (may also be secondary), almanacs, fact books,
Wikipedia, bibliographies (may also be secondary), directories, guidebooks, manuals, handbooks, and
textbooks (may be secondary), indexing and abstracting sources.