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Exno 1b

The document outlines an experiment to study the V-I characteristics of a Zener diode under forward and reverse bias conditions. It includes the necessary apparatus, theoretical background on Zener and avalanche breakdown, and a procedure for conducting the experiment. The results will provide insights into the dynamic and static resistances of the diode in both bias conditions.

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Asmitajeyaprakash Asmitajeyaprakash
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25 views3 pages

Exno 1b

The document outlines an experiment to study the V-I characteristics of a Zener diode under forward and reverse bias conditions. It includes the necessary apparatus, theoretical background on Zener and avalanche breakdown, and a procedure for conducting the experiment. The results will provide insights into the dynamic and static resistances of the diode in both bias conditions.

Uploaded by

Asmitajeyaprakash Asmitajeyaprakash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ex. No.

: 1b CHARACTERISTICS OF ZENER DIODE


Date:

AIM:
To conduct the Forward and Reverse bias of a ZENER diode and obtain its V-I Characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:-

S. NO NAME OF THE APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QUANTITY


1 Zener diode 1N4742A - 1
2 Resistor 1kΩ - 1
3 RPS (0 -30)V - 1
(0 – 10) mA 1
4 Ammeter MC
(0 -5) mA 1
(0 – 1)V 1
5 Voltmeter MC
(0 -30)V 1
6 Bread Board - - 1
7 Connecting Wires - - As Required

THEORY:-
A Zener diode is heavily doped p-n junction diode, specially made to operate in the
breakdown region. An ideal P-N Junction diode does not conduct in reverse biased condition. A
zener diode conducts excellently even in reverse biased condition. These diodesoperate at a precise
value of voltage called break down voltage. A zener diode when forward biased behaves like an
ordinary P-N junction diode. A zener diode when reverse biased can either undergo avalanche
break down or zener break down.
Avalanche break down:-The avalanche breakdown is observed in the Zener Diodes having V z having
greater than 8 V. In the reverse biased condition, the conduction will take place only due to the
minority carriers. As we increase the reverse voltage applied to the Zener diode, these minority
carriers tend to accelerate. Therefore, the kinetic energy associated with them increases. While
travelling, these accelerated minority carriers will collide with the stationary atoms and impart
some of the kinetic energy to the valence electrons present in the covalent bonds.
Zener break down:-The Zener Breakdown is observed in the Zener diodes having Vz less than 5V or
between 5 to 8 volts. When a reverse voltage is applied to a Zener diode, it causes a very intense
electric field to appear across a narrow depletion region. Such an intense electric field is strong
enough to pull some of the valence electrons into the conduction band by breaking their covalent
bonds. These electrons then become free electrons which are available for conduction. A large
number of such free electrons will constitute a large reverse current through the Zener diode and
breakdown is said to have occurred due to the Zener effect.
PROCEDURE:-

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.


2. Obtain the forward and reverse bias characteristics.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

FORWARD BIAS:

REVERSE BIAS:

MODEL GRAPH:

CALCULATIONS FROM GRAPH:

Static forward Resistance Rdc = Vf / If =

Dynamic Forward Resistance rac = Vf / If =

Static Reverse Resistance Rdc = Vr / Ir =

Dynamic Reverse Resistance rac = Vr / Ir =


TABULATION:
FORWARD BIAS: REVERSE BIAS:

RPS Voltage Vf If RPS Voltage Vr Ir


S.No S.No
(Volts) (Volts) (mA) (Volts) (Volts) (mA)
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10

INFERENCE:

RESULT:-
Thus the Forward and Reverse Bias characteristics for a Zener diode were obtained and the graph was
plotted.

a) Forward Bias Zener Diode:

1. The Knee voltage or Cut-in Voltage (Vy) is __________________ Volts.


2. The Dynamic Forward resistance is __________________ .
3. The Static Forward resistance is __________________ .

b) Reverse Bias of Zener Diode:

1. Zener Breakdown Voltage (VZ) is ____________________ Volts.


2. The Dynamic Reverse resistance is __________________ .
3. The Static Reverse resistance is __________________ .

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