Scribd
Upload
38 views42 pages

Unit 2

The document provides an overview of control structures in programming, including sequential programs, conditional statements, loops, and jump statements. It also covers operators in C, such as arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators, along with their precedence and associativity. Additionally, it discusses writing simple sequential programs and includes examples of basic C programs for arithmetic operations.

Uploaded by

narayanababu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
38 views42 pages

Unit 2

The document provides an overview of control structures in programming, including sequential programs, conditional statements, loops, and jump statements. It also covers operators in C, such as arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators, along with their precedence and associativity. Additionally, it discusses writing simple sequential programs and includes examples of basic C programs for arithmetic operations.

Uploaded by

narayanababu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 42
Control Structures 2.1. Simple sequential programs 2.2. Conditional Statements e if if else nested if if else if ladder switch 2.3. Loops « for while « do while 2.4, Jump in statements * break and continue + goto 2. Control Structures: Generally programs are executing statements in a sequence. When you want to skip normal flow we have to use conditional statements In order to execute a code finite number of times we use loops to break and continue loops we use jump in statements ee re eared Ragauenaneras sete RS cacy, sere mother ae ‘to break and skip repetition ‘Statement “Statement ee t sthement2 , atements Bearers Statement Statement Before writing sequential programs we must have knowledge on the following areas. i.e., tokens in C separators Comments - Operator cath «10420 Sa. LJ L_j| co Operands Operands DR ee UR Ree) Unary operators: Unary operator is an operator which works on single operand only Ex: it+, i-- ete., Binary Operator Binary operator is an operator which works on 2 operands Ex: a+b, ab, a&b etc., Ternary > Ternary or conditional (2 :) Types of operators w.r.to it's Operator Arithmetic Operators (+, -,*,/, %) Relational Operators (>, <,» Logical Operators (&&, ||, !) Increment (++), decrement (--) Arithmetic Assignment Operators (+= Bitwise Operators (&, |, *, «,?) 1. Arithmetic Operators: used for arithmetic operations Operator =21,b=4; Program Addition a+b=25 #include Subtraction 17 #include Multiplication | * a*b=84 ae Division / a/b=5.25. int a=21,b=4; = clrscr(); voc % oe printf{‘a+b=%d \n",a+b); printf{‘a-b: printf{‘a*b= printf(‘a/b=%d\n",a/b); printf{‘a%b-%d",a%b); getch(); return 0; 2. Relational Operators: Used to check relationship between two operands. Operator Symbol Program greater than #include-stdio.h> noteless than | < #include greater than | >= main() or equal to i oe Tess than = ne equal to peria . printf{‘a>b=%d\n",a>b); not equal to printf(“a=b=%d \n",a>=b); printf(“a<=b=%d\n",a<=b); printi(‘a! 3. Logical Operators: ‘The logical && operator doesn't check second condition if first condition is false. It checks second condition only if first one is true. The logical | | operator doesn't check second condition if first condition is true. It checks second condition only if first one is false ‘Operator Symbol | Ex : a=21,b=4; Program output Logical AND | && 18:81 = #include 1 #include oO main() 0 oO - 088050) clrscr(); 1 Logical OR I 1ffl=1 printi(®%d\n", 18801); 1 1| 10=: printf(“%d\n", 1880); 1 Olt printf(“%d \n” 08861); ° : oll printf{“%d \n” 0880); 1 Logical NOT! N=0 printi(‘%d\n",1 | | 1); 10=1 printf(“%d\n",1 | |); printf(“%d\n”,0| | 1); printf(*%d\n",0| |); printf(“%d\n",!1); printf(*%d\n”,10); getch(); return 0; i 4. Increment (++) Decrement (--) Operators: The increment ( ++ ) and decrement (— ) operators in C are unary operators for incrementing and decrementing the numeric values by 1 respectively // AS PREFIX +m // 8S POSTFIX mt+ Operator | Symbol | Ex Program Output Increment | ++ iF; (post #include 1 increment) #include 3 ++i; (pre main() 3 increment) { 1 Decrement | —- i; (post int i=1; decrement) clrser(); --i; (pre printf{"%d\n",i++); decrement) printf{’"%d\n",++i); printf("%d\n printf{"%d" getch(); return 0; yi 5. Arithmetic Assignment Operators: = is simple Assignment where as Arithmetic Assignment operators Operato r ‘Example Program Output 5 #include a=30 a=a+b can be | #include written as a+=b | main() = a-a-bcanbe |! written as a-=b | int a=10; int b=20; azarb canbe | ser written as at=b | OFS! a=a/b can be printi(“ =%d",a); written as a/=b | Punter “eahalk %e aza%b canbe | 1h": 2 pare a return 0; nas a%e=b ; Note: Similarly we can use for Bit wise operators also called bitwise Assignment 6. Bitwise Operators: In G, the following 6 operators are bitwise operators (also known as bit operators as they work at the bit-level). They are used to perform bitwise operations in C. Operator | Sym | ex: a=12,b=10 | Program Output bol Bitwise AND | & a&b=8 #include BitwiseOR | | alb=14 #include 14 main() Bit wise XOR | anb=6 { By Left Shift << accel int a=12,b=10; a Right Shift |>> | a>>1 clrscr(); printi(*%d\n",a&b); Note: Unlike Logical AND, printf(“%d\n",a |b); Logical OR here Bitwise AND printf(“%d\n",a%b); and Bitwise OR checks printi(“%d\n",a<<1); second condition when 1** printf(“%d\n",a>>1); condition is TRUE or FALSE getch(); return 0; 4 weead So [2] °]1 | o}ew Tel] ew 2 eto 10) seas O70] 1] |) ‘pots Feral Ferme dasa ie, 2120 ‘ae, 3070'S 7. Ternary or Conditional Operator: ( ?: ) We use the ternary operator in C to run one code when the condition is true and another code when the condition is false. For example, (age >= 18) ? printf("Can Vote") printf{"Cannot Vote" Here, when the age is greater than or equal to 18, Can Vote is printed. Otherwise, Cannot Vote is printed. Syntax is given by, ee oC BERS Crit 2.1.2. Operators’ precedence & Associativity: (Similar to BODMAS rule in mathematics) ‘To understand this concept let us consider a simple Expression 2+8*2 Here * have highest Precedence, So, it got evaluated first 3 ie., 2416 then 18 So, operators’ precedence tells us which operator must evaluated 1* Let’s see table from highest to lowest precedence. High ‘OPERATOR TYPE ASSOCIAVITY Ou. > left-to-right 71s oaisy Openia right-to-left 71% Arithmetic Operator | RAtto-isht . ——— | —— < > shift Operator Tefi-to-right <= >> Relational Operator eerie Relational Operator — & Bitwise AND Operator ee “ Bitwise EX-OR Operator | ftto-right 1 Biowise OR Operator — | ftt0-right ae Logical AND Operator | ft-to-ight 1 Topical OR Operator | Flog “Ternary Conditional Operator | _rightiolef zs Assignment Operator | Tihe-tteft Low é Comma Tef-to-right Operator associativity is used when two operators of the same precedence appear in an expression. Associativity can be either from Left to Right or Right to Left. Example of Operator Associativity Let's evaluate the following expression, 100 / 5 % 2 Both / (division) and % (Modulus) operators have the same precedence, so the order of evaluation will be decided by associativity. According to the given table, the associativity of the multiplicative operators is from Left to Right. So, (100 / 5) %2 After evaluation, the expression will be 20 % 2 Now, the % operator will be evaluated. 0. 2.1.3, Separators A separator is a symbol that is used to separate a group of code from one another Name Symbol purpose Used to enclose an argument in the function , Also used for pees 0 defining the expression in control statement etc., ae 0 Used to oes ne pies oo Also used Brackets 0 Used to declare an array type. Semi colon : Used to separate or terminate the statement. comma Used to separate identifiers (or) Variable declarations. Period or dot : Used in structure and union variables NOTE: semi colon; comma, and dot. are also called Punctuators 2.1.4. Comment lines in C: In programming, comments are hints that a programmer can add to make their code comment easier to read and understand J [svat tine comment 1. A person reading a large code will be bemused if comments are not provided . BST acteais ar te oreo [7 watisine comment J | Cs 2. C Comments are a way to make a code more readable by providing more descriptions. Types of Comments // - Single Line Comment In C, a single line comment starts with //. It starts and ends in the same line /*...*/ - Multi-line Comment allows us to comment on multiple lines at once, they are multi-line comments. 2.1.5. Keywords: Y Keywords also known as reserved words or pre defined words that have special meaning to compiler. Ex: int a; compiler allocates memory for variable a ¥ all keywords must be used in lower case only And white space not allowed auto break case char const continue | default do double else enum extern float for goto if int long register return short signed sizeof static struct switch typedef union unsigned void volatile while 2.1.5. Math Functions There is also a list of math functions available, that allows you to perform mathematical tasks on numbers. To use them, you must include the math.h header file in your program: #inelude Square Root . To find the square root of a number, use the sqrt() function: Example: printf ("%", sqrt(16)); // outputs 4.00 Round a Number The ceill) function rounds a number upwards to its nearest integer, and the floor() method rounds a number downwards to its nearest integer, and returns the result: Example printf{"%6t", ceil(1.4));// outputs 2.00 printf{"%t", floor(1.4)}; // outputs 1.00 Power ‘The pow() function returns the value of x to the power of y (xy): Example : printf("9%f", pow(4, 3)); // outputs 4°4*4= 64.00 Other functions under math.h are : Function Description abs(x) Returns the absolute value of x acos(x) Returns the arccosine of x asin(x) Returns the arcsine of x atan(x) Returns the arctangent of x cbrt(x) Returns the cube root of x cos(x) Returns the cosine of x exp(x) Returns the value of Ex 2.1.6. Writing Simple sequential programs: Every C program start executing from main() function then it will be executed one line after another in a sequence , let us see some examples Program 1: Write a C program on Addition of 2 numbers? rr (a ]/ Addition of 2 numbers #include #include int main() t int n1,n2,sum; clrscr(); printf(‘Enter 1st n scanf{*%d”,&n1); print{(‘Enter 2nd no: scanf{*%d”,&n2); sum=nl+n2; print{(“Total = %d”,sum); getch(); return 0; } Enter 1st no: 10 Enter 2nd no: 20 Total = 30 Program 2: Bred 7/ Addition of 2 numbers #include #include int main() { int n1,n2; clrser(); printf(‘Enter Ist no:"); scanf(“%ed”,&n1); printi(‘Enter 2nd no:”); scanf("%d”,8n2); printf(“Total = %d”,n1+n2); getch(); return 0; i Write a C program on Addition of 2 numbers ( without using 3" variable)? Enter 2nd no: 20 Total = 30 Program 3: Write a C program on Addition of 2 numbers (without using 3" variable & cascading)? Program 7/ Addition of 2 numbers #include #include int main() i ni,n2; clrscr(); printf(“Enter 1st , 2nd nos; scanf("%d%d",8sn 1 ,&n2); printf(“Total = %d”,n1+n2); getch(); return 0; Cra Enter Ist,2nd nos: 10 20 Total = 30 Program 4: Write a C program on Ad // Addition of 2 numbers #include #include int main() { int nl= clrscr(); printf(“Total = %d”,n1+n2); getch(); return 0; 0,n! ion of 2 numbers (using initialization)? et Croats ‘Total = 30 Program 5: ree 7/ Area of rectangle #include #include int main() x int 1,b,a; clrscr(); printf(‘Enter length:”); scanf{“%d” &l); print{(‘Enter breadth:”); Write a C program on Area of rectangle (area= 1*b)? rm Enter length: 10 Enter breadth: 20 scanil"%d",&b); a=I*b; printf(‘Area = %d”,a); getch(); return 0; Program 6: // Area of circle #include #inchade int main() { float r,a; elrscr(); printf(‘Enter radius:”); scant"! r); printf(“Area = %f”,a); getch(); return 0; Write a C program for Area of circle (without using #define) oe Cross Enter radius: 5.0 Area= 78.500000 Program 7: 7/ Area of circle #include #include #define PI 3.14 int main() { float r,a; clrscr(); printi(“Enter radiu: scant“ &r); a=PI*r*r; printf(“Area = %f",a); getch(); return 0; 1 Write a C program for Area of circle (using #define} re Output 0 Enter length: 5. Area= 78.500000 re 7/ simple interest #include #include int main() { float p,t.r,sis clrscr(); print{(“Enter principle amount:”); scant“%t”,&p); printf(‘Enter time period:” scant("%r",&t); print{(‘Enter rate of interest:”); scant(‘%",&t); *tr/ 100; printi(‘Simple interest = %.2P',si); getch(); return 0; 4 Program 9: // Swapping of two number using third / [variable #include #include int main() ‘Before swapping\n"); :%d\nB::%d",a,b); printi("\nAfter swapping\n’); printf("A::%d \nB::%d",a,b); getch(); return 0; Cia Enter principle amount: 1 Enter time period: 1 Enter rate of interest: 1 Simple interest=0.01 Write aC un for sway f 2 numbers eee Output Before swapping Az10 B::20 After swapping Program 10: Write a C program for swapping of 2 numbers (without using Err 7* Swapping of two number without using Bebe swapping third variable */ B20 ‘ter awaping #include Bao #include int main() int a=10,b=20; clrscr(); print{("Before swapping\n’); printf("A::%d \nB::%d",a,b); a=atb; aza-b; print{("\nAfter swapping\n’); printi("A::%d \nB::%d",a,b); getch(); return 0; i Example : ASCII values:(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) In C programming, a character variable holds ASCII value (an integer number between 0 and 127) rather than that character itself. This integer value is the ASCII code of the character. For example, the ASCII value of ‘A’ is 65. Program 11: C program to print ASCII value of a given character Program Enter a character: A #include ascii value for A is 65 #include int main() t char ch; clrscr(); printf(“Enter a character: ch=getchar(); print{(“ascii value for %c is %d”,ch,ch); getch(); Program 12: C program to calculate square root of a given number Program #include Enter a number: 9 #include Square root of 9 is 3 #include ts main() &) int n; clrscr(); printf(‘Enter a number:”); scanf("%d”,8n); printf(‘Square root of %d is %d”,n,sqrt(n)); getch(); 1 ‘These are also called selection statements or decision making statements All of us has to take decisions every day based upon conditions If condition is satisfied we call it as true statement Else we call it as false statement As we discussed earlier C program executes in a sequence but, Some situations where programmers have to change the order of execution of statements based on certain conditions which involve kind of decision making statement Here the list of Conditional statements in C language: if if else if else if ladder nested if switch oo Simple if or if: If test condition is true then statements inside block will be executed i.e., it tells compiler to execute certain part of code only if particular test condition is true Syntax: if(test condition) d Cede after if Bede Example 1: C program to check positive Era #include Enter a number: 9 #include Positive number int main() t int n; clrscr(); print{(*Enter a number: scanf(“%d”,8n); if(n>0) print{(‘Positive number”,n); } getch(); return 0; } if else: ( 2 way selection ) Here when test condition is true then true executed otherwise false block statements. Syntax: i c // false statements ) ree 7/ Entered number is positive or negative #include #inchade int main() { int n; clrser(); print{(‘Enter a number:”); scanf(*%d”,&n); ifjn>0) printf(“Positive number’); } else printf(“Negative number”); } getch(); return 0; 1 if(test condition) <> true C // true statements ‘ block statements will be will be executed false Fala Codeafrer | ‘fee block eres Enter a number: 9 Positive number Output 2 Enter a number: -9 Negative number // Voter is cligible for vote or not #include #include int main() a int age; clrscr(); printi(‘Enter your age:’); scanf{"%d”,&age); ifjage>=18) Exat = Program ras Enter your age: 19 Eligible for vote Output 2 a t printi(“Eligible for vote”); 1 else nt printf(“Not eligible”); 1 getch(); return 0; Enter a number: 9 Not eligible 7/ biggest among 2 numbers #include #include int main() n int a,b; clrscr(); print{(‘Enter 2 numbers:”); scanf{"%d%d" 8a, 8b); iffa>b) { printi(‘%d is big’,a); 1 else t printf(“%d is big’,b); 1 getch(); return 0; 1 Example 3: Be Output 1 Enter 2 numbers:19 5 19 is big Output 2 Enter a number: 9 85, 85 is big Example 4: eit 7/ Given character is vowel or consonant, #include #include int main() t char chy; clrscr(); printf(“Enter a character: ch = getchar(); if(ch=='a’| | ch="A’| [cl “uy printi(‘vowel”); } rae Enter a character:i vowel Output 2 Enter a character: Z consonant else printf(“consonant”); 1 getch(); return 0; 1 Example 5: Program 7/ Entered number is EVEN OR ODD #include #include int main() { int n; clrscr(); printf(“Enter a number:”); scanf“%d”,8n); if(n%2==0) t printi(“EVEN number’); } else { print{(“ODD number”); 1 getch(); return 0; 1 es Enter a number: 9 ODD number Output 2 Enter a number: 20 EVEN number if else if ladder: ( multi way selection } Here it will check one condition after another in a sequence In that way if condition is true then corresponding statements will be executed. and control goes to statements At last if no condition is true then else block placed will be executed. and after if else ladder block control goes to statements after if else ladder block. Syntax: if(condition1) € // statementst 3 else if(condition2) € //statements2 3 else if(condition n) { //statements n } Statements 1 Sora false true #include int main() t int num; clrscr(); print{("Enter a number: scanf("%d" &num); if(num>0) { print{('Positive number."); 1 else if(num<0) printf("Negative number"); } else i print{('ZERO"); } true <= Stotenertsn false Godeinside ele block Cader False ladder back Cres Enter a number: 9 Positive number Output Enter a number: -9 Negative number Output 3: Enter a number: 0 ZERO. getch(); return 0; 1 // Entered number to word #include #include int main() { int num; clrser(); printi("Enter single digit number:"); scanf("%d",&num); if(rum==0) printf("zero."); else if(num==1) printi(“one.") } else if(num==2) printi("two."); 1 else if(num==3) t printf('three."); } else if{num ==4) { printi("fou: + else if{num==5) { printt"five."); 1 else if{(num==6) printi("six."); } else if{num==7) { printf('seven."); 1 else if(num==8) { printf{"eight."); Exai 2 rae erase Enter single digit number:5 five Output 2: Enter single digit number:55 please enter single digit. 6 else if{(num==9) printf("nine."); } else printi("please enter single digit."); : } getcht); return 0; } Example: Electricity bill Write aC program to input electricity unit charge and calculate the total electricity bill according to the given condition: Units Cost 0-50 0.50 per ui ‘50-100 0.75 per unit 100-250 1.20 per unit ‘Above 250 1.50 per unit An additional surcharge of 20% is added to the bill. ra Cres #include Enter no.of units:100 #include Electricity bill =140.00 int main() { int units; float amt, total; clrscr(); printi(‘Enter no.of units:”); scanf{*%d”,8units); if(units>0&&units<50) { amt = units*0.50; 1 else if{units>=508éunits<100) t amt = units*0.75 I else if{units>=100&8éunits<250) t amt = units" 1.2( 1 else at amt = units*1.50; 7 } total = amt + amt*0.20; printi(“Electricity Bill getch(); return 0; } %.2£" total); nested if else:. If one if condition is placed inside another if condition we call it as nested if condition ‘The contained if statement is known as inner if statement and another is known as outer if statement. The inner block of if statement will be executed only if the outer block condition is true. Stor eahig, ~--n-yitatrnbin fovea) vet Le ioe “ee mr cin 1 inte) Ta aia true — false { Ist ) : ales etn ‘ioateuconated Code after nested if block re res 7/ biggest among 3 numbers #include #include int main() 30 is big { int a,b,c; clrscr(); printi(“Enter 3 numbers:”); scanf("%d%d%d" a, 8b, 8c); iffa>b) ifla>o) { printf(*%d is big”,a); 1 else t printf(‘%d is big”,c); 3 } else { if(b>c) { printf(“%d is big’,b); 1 else t printf(“%d is big’,c); } } getch(); return 0; 1 switch: switch case control statement is used to execute specific blocks of statements in given number of blocks it will compare the value of expression against list of integers or characters the list of constants are listed using case along with break at the end of execution If no condition is satisfied then default statements will be executed because user may enter unconditional data Here the syntax for switch is given below Syntax: switch(expression) soem la C case constant: statementsl; ‘Statenents 2 break: I fs case constant2: \ ' statements2: ! break: 1 true Stotenen case constant: statements n: alse break: statenerts default default statements: Code after sitch block break: d ia Cres // Entered number to word #include Enter single digit #include number:5 int main() five. { int num; clrscr(); . Output 2: print{("Enter single digit number:"); Enter single digit scanf{"%d" &num); number:55 switch(num) please enter single digit. t case { print{("zero."); break; } case 1: printf("one."); break; 1 case 2: printi("two."); break; h case 3: t printi("three."); break; } case 4: print{("four."); break; 1 case 5: { printf("five."); break; } case 6: { printi("six."); break; 1 case 7: { printf(’seven.”); break; 1 case 8: { printi{"eight.”); break; } case 9: { printf("nine."); break; 1 default: printi("please enter single digit."); break; 1 getch(); return 0; 1 Example 2: Simple calculator usi switch case et aes #include int main() { int a,b,ch; clrscr(); printi(" ‘SIMPLE CALCULATOR---\n"); printi("Enter 2 numbers :"); scanf{"%d%d" , 8a, &b); printf("Press\n1 for Addition \n2 for Subtraction\n3 for Multiplication \n4 for Divison \n’); print{("Enter ur choic: scanf"%d" ch); switch(ch) t case 1: printf("%d+%d=%d",a,b,a+b); break; case 2: printi("%d-%d=%d" ,a,b,a-b); break; case 3: print{("%d*%d=%d",a,b,a*b); break; case 4: printf("%d /%d=%d",a,b,a/b); break; default: printf("Wrong choice’); 1 getchi); return 0; SIMPLE CALCULATOR- Enter 2 numbers: 10 5. Press 1 for Addition 2 for Subtraction 3 for Multiplication 4 for Divison Enter ur choice: 1 10+5=15 7 This is also called iteration programming or repetition programming. In C, when you want to execute a specific statement or statements block number of times until given condition is true we need to use the following v for fr Y while 7 ¥ do while or do loop for loop: for loop is used to execute when we know Number of repetitions before starting Body of the loop Syntax: for(initialization:condition:updation) { Fale 4 // body of the loop Statements } Statements after for loop ie tncrement/ Initialization: it holds starting value of loop Ex: i=l Condition: checks up to which point looping will be continued Ex: i<=100 Decrement Updation: updates value of initialized value either increment (++) or decrement (--) Ex: i++ ren Ces // to print 1 to 100 using for #include #include int main() ft int i cirscr(); for(i=1;i<=100;i++) BONE { printi{“%d\n”,i); } getch(); return 0; 100 1 Example 2: et eas // to print 100 to 1 using for 100 #include 99 #include oe int main() fk int i; clrscr(); for(i= 100;i>=1;i--) oS ft 4 printf(“%d\n",i); 3 1 getch(); 2 return 0; 1 I Example 3: // to print 5 table using for Sts #include 5*2=10 #include 5*3=15 ia main() 5*4-20 int is 2 clrser(); for(i=1;i<=10;i++) t : Prine SYedctod\n" 8); 5*10=50 getch(); return 0; } Example 4: Prime number or not What is a prime number? The number which is divisible by itself and 1 with remainder 0 is called prime number Example: 7 Let us see the implementation in C program re Cre 7/ C program to check whether given no. is | Enter a number: 10 //prime or not 10 is not a prime #include #include Output 2: = main() Enter a number: 7 int inum,count=0; eae clrscr(); printf(“Enter a number: scanf(“%d”,8num); for(i=1;i<-num;i+#) { if(num%i=-0) { count++; 1 1 if{count 2) printi(“%d is prime”,num); } else printf(“%d id not a prime *,num); } getch(); return 0; 4 while loop: While loop is used when we don’t know number of repetitions before starting body of the loop. Looping will not be continued even at once when 1* condition is failed. Syntax: False while(condition) { Statements after //body of the loop“ } // to print 1 to 100 using while Br res #include #include int main() {a int i=1; clrser(); * while(i<=100) 75) BONS { printf(“%d\n”,i); its; 4 getch(); return 0; 100 h Example 2: Palindrome what is a palindrome number? Palindrome: ex: 121 If you consider above number from left side It result 1 next 2 next 1 from right side also same called palindrome property of numbers Ee Cres #include #include e main() Not a palindrome int num,temp,rev=0; Enter a number: 123 clrscr(); Output 2: printf("Enter a number:")}; sca te enc Enter a number: 121 temp=num; t while(temp!=0) Palindrome { rev=rev*10; rev=rev+temp%10; temp=temp/ 10; 1 if{num==rev) print{("Palindrome'); } else t printi("Not a Palindrome"); 1 getch(); return 0; } do while or do loop: Do while loop in C programming is used to execute body of the loop at least once irrespective of given condition Here it will execute body once and then checks the Condition Body of the loo, Syntax: ae True { Fal: //body of the loop = a Statements after while(condition); do loop Semi colon (;) after while condition in do loop is mandatory re ees 7/ program to print 1 to 100 using do #include #include int main() 1 2 3 4 printf(“%d\n",i); its; jwhile(i<=100); getch(); 100 return 0; 1 Example 2: factorial of a given number 5! = 5*4*3*2*1 =120 Program ey // program to find factorial of a given number #include #include main() d int fact=1,counter; clrscr(); printi("Enter a number: scanf"%d" &counter); do { fact*=counter--; 1 while(counter: printi(“%d" fact); getch(); return 0; 1 Enter a number: 5 120 Vs While Loop Do-While Loop This is entry controlled loop. It checks condition before entering into loop This is exit control loop. Checks condition when coming out from loop ‘The while loop may run zero or more times Do-While may run more than one times but at least once. ‘The variable of test condition must be initialized prior to entering into the loop The variable for loop condition may also be initialized in the loop also. while(condition){ //statement i dof //statement }while(condition); There are 3 jump In loops supported by C language Y break Y continue ¥ goto break: when break statement encountered inside a loop the loop is immediately terminated and program control goes to next statement. Syntax: break; rary Cres 7/ use of break in C #include #include int main() ce int i; clrscr(); for(i=1;1<=10;i++) { ifli==5) { break; BONE 4 printf(“%d\n”,i); } getch(); return } continue: continue statement in c programming works some what like break statement. Instead of forcing termination it forces the next iteration for the loop skipping any code in between. Syntax: continue; re es 7/ use of continue in C #include #include int main() Ce int is clrscr(); for(i=1;i<=10;i++) { iffi==5) 79 OMNIA AWNHE continue; } printf“%d\n”,i); } getch(); return 0; } goto: goto statement in C programming takes control of program from one statement to other goto labeled statement un conditionally itis proposed that always not use goto statement because it increases readability of the program Syntax: goto label1; label2: statements; label1: statements; goto label2; re Cres 7/ use of goto in C Welcome to c language #include tutorials in ECT #inchade int main() { clrser(); print{("welcome "); goto x; y: printf(" tutorials”); goto z; x: printf(" to c language "); goto ys z printf(* in ECT”); getch(); return 0; Assignment 5 Q: Write a C program on following? — Biggest among 2 numbers using if else — Biggest among 2 numbers using ternary operator (?:) Signature of the Faculty Assignment 6 Q: Write a C program on following? — Given character is vowel or consonant ( using if else) > Given character is vowel or consonant ( using switch) Signature of the Faculty MBM MC Udey Assignment 7 Q: What is nested for loop? > Any 2 C programs to print any patterns using nested for Signature of the Faculty “SaaM/ Mc Uday Assignment 8 Q: write any 4 differences between break and continue? > Program to print even numbers between 1 to 100 using continue Signature of the Faculty MBM MC Udey

You might also like