THE INTERNET

BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNET

1. In 1969, the first version of the internet was created and set up
as a network (called ARPANET) between four “nodes”: UCLA, the
Stanford Research Institute, UC Santa Barbara, and the University
of Utah (Mack). A student programmer named Charley Kline sent
the first message over ARPANET on October 29, 1969. The simple
message “LO” was supposed to be “LOGIN”, but the system
crashed after the “O”.
BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNET
2. What is ARPANET? ARPA stands for Advanced Research Projects
Agency. NET is short for network. ARPA was part of the U.S.
Department of Defense.
3. From these humble beginnings came new ways to share
information and communicate. In 1971, we had the first email
message and saw the creation and international expansion of more
networks, which prompted a standard for the networks that was
released in 1983.
BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNET
4. This eventually led to the establishment of the Web in 1989,
which was released by CERN (the European Council for Nuclear
Research) in 1993 and led by Tim Berners-Lee.
5. In 1993, Mosaic was released to the public as the first Web
browser (University of Illinois’ Nat’l Center for Supercomputing
Applications). This was followed by Yahoo (1994), Amazon (1995),
eBay (1995), and Google (1998).
BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNET
6. When Berners-Lee left CERN in 1994, he joined the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and founded the World Wide
Web Consortium (W3C).
7. January 1, 1983 is considered as the Internet’s “official
birthday”.
SOME FACTS ABOUT THE INTERNET
1. By 2012, the number of internet users worldwide reached 2.4
billion—about one third of the world's population.
2. To store all of the information on the internet, you would need over 1
billion DVDs or 200 million Blu-ray discs.
3. There were 76.01 million internet users in the Philippines in January
2022.
4. As of 2022, the estimated number of internet users worldwide was
5.3 billion, up from 4.9 billion in the previous year. This share
represents 66 percent of global population.
DEFINING A NETWORK
•A (computer) network is an interconnection of two or more computing
devices.
•It can serve a variety of purposes including:
- File sharing between two computers
- Video chatting across different parts of the world
- Surfing the Web
- Instant messaging (IM) between computer with IM software installed.
- E-mail
- A converged network is one that transports multiple forms of traffic (video,
voice, and data)
NETWORK COMPONENTS
• The physical elements, or hardware such as a laptop, switch,
router, wireless access point, the cabling used to connect the
devices, etc.
• The services, called software, that provide information in response
to a request like email hosting services and web hosting services.
PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF THE NETWORK
• End Devices or Hosts
These devices form the interface between users and the
underlying communication network. Examples of end devices are
Computers (work stations, laptops, file servers, web servers),
Network printers, VoIP phones, Mobile handheld devices, and …
etc.
PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF THE NETWORK
• Intermediary Network Devices
Intermediary devices connect the individual hosts to the
network and can connect multiple individual networks to form an
internetwork. Examples of intermediary devices are switches,
wireless access points, routers, firewalls, and … etc.
PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF THE NETWORK
• Network Media
The medium provides the channel over which the message
travels from source to destination. The three types of media are
Copper, Fiber Optic, and Wireless.
TERMINOLOGIES
• Browse: The process of moving through a Web site or "surfing the Net,"
using a World Wide Web browser and clicking on a variety of
hyperlinks.
• Browser (or Web browser): A program used to view, download,
upload, surf, or otherwise access documents (for example, Web pages)
on the Internet.
• Domain name: The address or URL of a particular Web site; it is the
text name corresponding to the numeric IP address of a computer on
the Internet.
TERMINOLOGIES
• Home page (or home or homepage): The first page or front page of a
Web site. It serves as the starting point for navigation.
• HTML (short for “Hypertext Markup Language”): The authoring
language used to create documents on the World Wide Web. HTML is
a mark-up language (versus a programming language) that uses tags
to structure text into headings, paragraphs, lists, and links.
• Hyperlink: An element in an electronic document that links to another
place in the same document or to an entirely different document.
Typically, you click on the hyperlink to follow the link.
TERMINOLOGIES
• Link: Text or images on a Web page that a user can click on in
order to access or connect to another document.
• PDF (short for Portable Document Format): A file format
developed by Adobe Systems. PDF captures formatting
information from a variety of desktop publishing applications,
making it possible to send formatted documents and have them
appear on the recipient's monitor or printer as they were
intended.
TERMINOLOGIES
• Plugin or plug-in: A software program that extends the
capabilities of your browser in a specific way, giving you, for
example, the ability to play audio samples or view movies on your
computer screen.
TERMINOLOGIES
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator): the global address of documents
and other resources on the World Wide Web. The first part of the
address indicates what protocol to use, and the second part
specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is
located.
• Web Site: A place on the Internet or World Wide Web. It refers
to a body of information as a whole, for a particular domain
name. A Web site is a place made up of Web pages.
NETWORK COMPONENTS
• Client
The term client defines the device an end user uses to access a
network.
• Server
A server provides resources to a
network. (Email, Web pages, or files)
NETWORK COMPONENTS
• Hub
It is a device that contains multiple ports to connect multiple
computers or network devices to each other. When a computer
transmit data through a hub, the hub will broadcast the data to all
other computers attached to it.
NETWORK COMPONENTS
• Router
It is a device whose primary purpose is to connect two or more
networks and determine the next network point to which the data
should be forwarded toward its destination.
NETWORK COMPONENTS
• Media
It connects a device to another or a device to a port.
NETWORK RESOURCES
Peer-to-Peer Model

Peer-to-peer (P2P) is
a decentralized
communications model in
which each party has the
same capabilities and
either party can initiate a
communication session.
NETWORK RESOURCES
Client/Server Model
The client-server model, or client-
server architecture, is a
distributed application framework
dividing tasks between servers
and clients, which either reside in
the same system or communicate
through a computer network or
the Internet.
NETWORK GEOGRAPHY
PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
It is the smallest type of wired or wireless connection and only
covers a limited area/distance.
Examples:
Bluetooth speaker and a device
USB hard drive to a laptop
video camera to a laptop
NETWORK GEOGRAPHY
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
It connects components in a limited distance such as connecting
devices within 100 meters with CAT5 cabling. LAN is two or more
connected computers sharing certain resources in a relatively small
geographic location, often in the same building.
Examples:
Internal wired or wireless networks
NETWORK GEOGRAPHY
CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)
Connects building-centric LANs across a university, industrial
park, or business park.
Examples:
School campus
Military Base
NETWORK GEOGRAPHY
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
Connects scattered locations across a city. Larger than a CAN,
but smaller than a WAN.
Examples:
Police department
Universities with scattered campuses in a city
NETWORK GEOGRAPHY
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
Connects geographically disparate internal networks and
consists of leased lines or Virtual Private Network (VPN).
TRENDS
IOT AND SMART HOME TECHNOLOGY
Since 2016, IoT has been a trend. It evolved due to the
emergence of new technologies like wireless communication, data
analytics, machine learning, and use of hardware technology such
as sensors, microprocessors, and microcontrollers.
AUGMENTED REALITY AND VIRTUAL REALITY
In 2016, the release of games such as Pokémon Go and the
release of the VR headsets, Oculus Rift and Oculus Quest, served as
a turning point for AR and VR technology.
MACHINE LEARNING
Machine Learning or Artificial Intelligence has a big impact in
hastening and automating numerous processes in the society. Some
simple examples are:
-Digital Assistants
-Face ID
-All bionic
-Wireless charging
AUTOMATION
Through advanced technologies, it is now possible to automate
previously human-exclusive tasks.
BIG DATA
“Big Data” is a term that describes large and complex
volumes of data. These can be analyzed for insights which can help
management make better decisions and come up with more
effective strategic plans.
Some examples of “big data” are the map applications we
have like Google Maps and Waze and the government agencies’
data.
PHYSICAL-DIGITAL INTEGRATIONS
Majority of organizations nowadays are moving towards
system automation. They identify their physical elements and create
digital data for more efficient operation and back-up.
EVERYTHING ON DEMAND
Due to the prevalence of network connectivity, it is possible to
have information on demand. Music, movies, and even drivers (e.g.
Grab) are made available through the apps in a smartphone.
EFFECTS
POSITIVE EFFECTS
• Improved access to education
• Access to information
• More efficient communication
• Better ways of solving security problems
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
• Reduced personal interactions
• Reduced physical activity
• Job loss or increased unemployment rate
• Increased risks on security