1

1 Complete the diagram to show the electron arrangement in a chlorine atom.

Cl

[2]

[Total: 2]

2 3+
Complete the table to show the number of nucleons, neutrons and electrons in an l ion.

3+
number in l

nucleons

neutrons

electrons

[3]

[Total: 3]

3 Nitrogen can form ionic compounds with reactive metals and covalent compounds with non-metals.

Nitrogen reacts with lithium to form the ionic compound lithium nitride, Li3N.

(a) Write the equation for the reaction between lithium and nitrogen.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Lithium nitride is an ionic compound. Draw a diagram which shows its formula, the charges
on the ions and the arrangement of the valency electrons around the negative ion.

Use x for an electron from a lithium atom.

Use o for an electron from a nitrogen atom.

[2]

[Total: 4]
 2

4 Lithium nitride is an ionic compound. Nitrogen trifluoride is a covalent compound.

Lithium nitride has a high melting point, 813 °C. Nitrogen trifluoride has a low melting point,
–207 °C.
Explain why the melting points are different.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

5 Nitrogen fluoride is a covalent compound.

Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons in one molecule of the covalent
compound nitrogen trifluoride, NF3.

Use x for an electron from a nitrogen atom.

Use o for an electron from a fluorine atom.

[2]

[Total: 2]
 3

6 Draw the electronic structure of a potassium atom.

[2]

[Total: 2]

7 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the sulfur atom and
zinc ion shown.

number of number of number of

electrons neutrons protons

36
16S

67 2+
30Zn 30

[4]

[Total: 4]
 4

8 Complete the table to show the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the sulfur atom and
copper ion shown.

number of number of number of

electrons neutrons protons

34
16S

63 2+
29Cu 29

[4]

[Total: 4]

9 This question is about sulfur, sulfur compounds and the water from a sulfur spring. A sulfur spring
is a natural source of water containing sulfur.
3
The table shows the mass of ions present in a 1000 cm sample of water from a sulfur spring.

mass present in the

ion present formula of ion 3
1000 cm sample / mg
−
Br 4
2+
calcium Ca 44
−
chloride Cl 14
−
fluoride F 6
3+
iron(III) Fe 2
2+
magnesium Mg 10
+
K 8
+
sodium Na 88
2−
sulfate SO4 92

Answer these questions using only information from the table.

(a) Which negative ion is present in the lowest concentration?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
+ –
(b) Give the name of the compound formed from only K and Br ions.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
 5

3
(c) Calculate the mass of calcium ions present in a 250 cm sample of this water.

mass of calcium ions = ........................... mg [1]

(d) Complete the equation to show the formation of a fluoride ion from a fluorine atom.
–
F + ....... → F [1]

[Total: 4]

10 The table gives information about some atoms or ions, A, B and C.

Complete the table

number of number of electronic

charge
protons electrons structure

A 11 10 2,8

B 18 0

C 10 2,8 −1

[4]

[Total: 4]

11 Deduce the number of electrons and neutrons in one atom of the isotope of chromium shown.

54
24Cr

number of electrons .................................................................................................................

number of neutrons .................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
 6

12 Complete the diagram to show the electron arrangement in a calcium atom.

Ca

[2]

[Total: 2]

13 Sodium is a metallic element.

Describe how solid sodium conducts electricity.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

14 Ester Y has the structure shown.

O H

H C O C H

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a molecule of

ester Y.

O
H

H C O C H

[3]

[Total: 3]
 7

15 A carboxylic acid Y has the structure shown.

H C O H

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a molecule of carboxylic
acid Y.

H C O H

.
[3]

[Total: 3]

16 Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
sodium oxide.

....... .......

Na O

.......

Na

[3]

[Total: 3]
 8

17 Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of

phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl3. Show outer shell electrons only.

Cl P Cl

Cl

[2]

[Total: 2]

18 Potassium is a Group I element.

Name and describe the bonding in potassium.

name ........................................................................................................................................

description ................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

19 Describe the bonding in a metallic element such as copper.

You may include a diagram as part of your answer.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
 9

[Total: 3]

20 Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form the ionic compound magnesium oxide.

(a) Complete the dot-and-cross diagrams to show the electronic structures of the ions in
magnesium oxide. Show the charges on the ions.

........ ........

Mg O

[3]

(b) Magnesium oxide melts at 2853 °C.

Why does magnesium oxide have a high melting point?

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Explain why molten magnesium oxide can conduct electricity.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

21 24 25 26
Magnesium exists as three isotopes, 12Mg , 12Mg and 12Mg .

All isotopes of magnesium react with dilute hydrochloric acid to make hydrogen and a salt.

(a) Why do all isotopes of magnesium react in the same way?

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
 10

(c) Describe a test for hydrogen.

test ....................................................................................................................................

result ................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 6]

22 Sodium is a metal in Group I of the Periodic Table.

(a) Give two physical properties of all metals.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Give one physical property of Group I metals that is different from most other metals and state
how it is different.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

23 Iron is a good conductor of heat and electricity.

Give two other physical properties of iron that are characteristic of all metals.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

24 Choose from the diagrams, B, C, D or E, the structure which best represents an alloy.

B C D E

structure ............................. [1]

[Total: 1]

25 Iron can form alloys such as vanadium steel.

State the meaning of the term alloy.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
 11

[Total: 1]

26 Sodium is in Group I of the Periodic Table.

(a) Describe two physical properties of sodium which are different from the physical properties
of transition elements such as copper.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Sodium reacts rapidly with water.

Give one observation made when sodium is added to water.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

27 Only a relatively small number of atoms of flerovium, atomic number 114, have been made in the
laboratory and the properties of flerovium have not yet been investigated.

It has been suggested that flerovium is a typical metal.

(a) Suggest two physical properties of flerovium.

1 ..................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Suggest one chemical property of flerovium oxide.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

28 The table shows the properties of some metals.

 12

Use the information in the table to answer the questions.

(a) Which metal would be most useful for making overhead power cables?
Give two reasons for your answer.

metal ................................

reason 1 ............................................................................................................................

reason 2 ............................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) Why is iron and not tungsten used to reinforce concrete?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The front part of a space rocket is called a nose cone. The nose cone gets very hot as the
space rocket moves through the air.

Which metal is best to make a space rocket nose cone? Explain your answer.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

29 Sodium is a reactive metal.

Suggest why sodium is stored under oil.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]