Victorian Certificate of Education

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HERE

2022

Letter
STUDENT NUMBER

FURTHER MATHEMATICS
Written examination 2
Friday 27 May 2022
Reading time: 10.00 am to 10.15 am (15 minutes)
Writing time: 10.15 am to 11.45 am (1 hour 30 minutes)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of book
Section A – Core Number of Number of questions Number of
questions to be answered marks
8 8 36
Section B – Modules Number of Number of modules Number of
modules to be answered marks
4 2 24
Total 60

• Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers,
sharpeners, rulers, one bound reference, one approved technology (calculator or software) and, if
desired, one scientific calculator. Calculator memory DOES NOT need to be cleared. For approved
computer-based CAS, full functionality may be used.
• Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or
correction fluid/tape.
Materials supplied
• Question and answer book of 37 pages
• Formula sheet
• Working space is provided throughout the book.
Instructions
• Write your student number in the space provided above on this page.
• Unless otherwise indicated, the diagrams in this book are not drawn to scale.
• All written responses must be in English.
At the end of the examination
• You may keep the formula sheet.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic
devices into the examination room.
© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2022
2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT) 2

SECTION A – Core

Instructions for Section A

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
You need not give numerical answers as decimals unless instructed to do so. Alternative forms may
include, for example, π, surds or fractions.
In ‘Recursion and financial modelling’, all answers should be rounded to the nearest cent unless
otherwise instructed.
Unless otherwise indicated, the diagrams in this book are not drawn to scale.

Data analysis

Question 1 (4 marks)

do not write in this area

The Tour de France is the most famous road bike race in the world.
The race length of the Tour de France varies from year to year.
The histogram below shows the distribution of race length, in kilometres, for the years 1947–1998.

14

12

10

frequency 6

0
3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200
race length (km)

Data: ‘Tour de France winners, podium, times’,

BikeRaceInfo website, <https://bikeraceinfo.com>

a. Calculate the number of years that the race length was between 4200 km and 4800 km. 1 mark

SECTION A – Question 1 – continued

 3 2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT)

b. The distribution of race length can be approximated by a normal distribution with a mean of
4000 km and a standard deviation of 350 km.
Using the 68–95–99.7% rule, determine the percentage of years that the race length was less
than 3300 km. 1 mark

c. The ages of the riders in the Tour de France are also approximately normally distributed.
A recent survey found that:
• 16% of the riders were under the age of 25.5 years
• 2.5% of the riders were over the age of 33 years.
Using the 68–95–99.7% rule, find the mean and the standard deviation of the normal
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distribution modelling this data. 2 marks

SECTION A – continued
TURN OVER
2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT) 4

Question 2 (8 marks)
The table below shows data for nine variables from the Tour de France for the years 1903–1912.

Year Winner Country Total time Average Number Race Number Number
(hours) speed of stages length of of
(km/h) (km) starters finishers
1903 Maurice Garin France 94.550000 25.679 6 2428 60 21

1904 Henri Cornet France 96.098889 24.849 6 2388 88 27

1905 Louis Trousselier France 110.44944 27.107 11 2994 60 24

1906 René Pottier France 189.56667 24.463 13 4637 82 14

1907 Lucien Petit-Breton France 158.75139 28.470 14 4488 93 33

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1908 Lucien Petit-Breton France 156.89139 28.740 14 4488 112 36

1909 Francois Faber Luxembourg 157.02278 28.658 14 4497 150 55

1910 Octave Lapize France 162.69167 29.099 15 4737 110 41

1911 Gustave Garrigou France 195.61667 27.322 15 5344 84 28

1912 Odile Defraye Belgium 190.50778 27.763 15 5289 131 41

Data: ‘Tour de France winners, podium, times’,
BikeRaceInfo website, <https://bikeraceinfo.com>

a. Write down the number of categorical variables in this data set. 1 mark

b. Determine, for the period of years 1903–1912

i. the median number of stages 1 mark

ii. the mean race length, in kilometres 1 mark

iii. the correlation coefficient (r) between the variables number of starters and number of
finishers.
Round your answer to three decimal places. 1 mark

SECTION A – Question 2 – continued

 5 2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT)

c. In 1904, Henri Cornet won the Tour de France with a total time of 96.098889 hours.
Write down this time rounded to five significant figures. 1 mark

d. A least squares line is to be fitted to the data so that the number of finishers can be predicted
from the number of starters. The equation of this least squares line is
number of finishers = –3.384 + 0.3648 × number of starters
i. Interpret the slope of this least squares line in terms of the number of finishers and the
number of starters in the Tour de France. 1 mark
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ii. In 1910, 110 riders started the race and 41 of these riders finished the race.
Determine the prediction error (residual) if the least squares line had been used to predict
the number of finishers in 1910.
Round your answer to the nearest whole number. 2 marks

SECTION A – continued
TURN OVER
2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT) 6

Question 3 (8 marks)
The scatterplot below shows the average speed, in kilometres per hour, plotted against the
race length, in kilometres, for the winners of the Tour de France from 1947 to 1998.

41

40

39

38

37

36
average

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speed 35
(km/h)
34

33

32

31

30
3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000
race length (km)
Data: ‘Tour de France winners, podium, times’,
BikeRaceInfo website, <https://bikeraceinfo.com>

A least squares line is to be fitted to the scatterplot. The equation of the least squares line is
average speed = 52.689 – 0.00400 × race length
a. Draw the graph of the least squares line on the scatterplot above. 1 mark

(Answer on the scatterplot above.)

b. If the race length is 4400 km, predict the average speed, in kilometres per hour, of the winner
of the race.
Round your answer to one decimal place. 1 mark

c. Is the prediction made in part b. an interpolation or an extrapolation? 1 mark

SECTION A – Question 3 – continued

 7 2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT)

d. The residual plot associated with fitting a least squares line to this data is shown below.

3.0

2.0

1.0

residual 0.0

–1.0

–2.0

–3.0

3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000
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race length (km)

i. The residual plot can be used to test one of the assumptions about the nature of the
association between average speed and race length.
What is this assumption? 1 mark

ii. The residual plot supports this assumption.

Explain why. 1 mark

The mean and the standard deviation of both the average speed and the race length for the Tour de
France from 1947 to 1998 were also calculated. This data is shown in the table below.

Mean Standard deviation

Average speed (km/h)      36.101      2.1389

Race length (km) 4144.9 406.08

e. In 1971, the race length of the Tour de France was 3608 km and the average speed of the
winner was 38.084 km/h.
Determine the standardised value (z) of this average speed.
Round your answer to three decimal places. 1 mark

SECTION A – Question 3 – continued

TURN OVER
2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT) 8

f. Determine the percentage of variation in average speed explained by the variation in race
length.
Round your answer to one decimal place. 2 marks

Question 4 (4 marks)
The average speed of the winners, in kilometres per hour, of the Tour de France for the years
2007–2017 is displayed in the time series plot below.

Boxplot

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41

40.5

average
speed 40
(km/h)

39.5

39
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
year

Data: ‘Tour de France statistics: Dates, stages, average speed,

length, number of entrants and finishers’,
BikeRaceInfo website, <https://bikeraceinfo.com>

a. Use the time series plot to construct a vertical boxplot to show the distribution of the average
speed of these winners for the years 2007–2017. This boxplot has no outliers. Draw the
vertical boxplot in the box provided to the right of the time series plot above. Use the same
scale as the time series plot. 2 marks

(Answer in the box above.)

SECTION A – Question 4 – continued

 9 2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT)

b. Use seven-median smoothing to smooth the time series plot below. Mark the smoothed values
with crosses ( ) and connect them with a line. 2 marks

41

40.5

average
speed 40
(km/h)
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39.5

39
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
year

SECTION A – continued
TURN OVER
2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT) 10

Recursion and financial modelling

Question 5 (3 marks)
Barb has recently become the owner of a gymnasium.
At this gymnasium, membership fees are paid monthly.
Let Bn be the total value of the membership fees, in dollars, received by Barb n months after she
took ownership of the gymnasium.
The recurrence relation that models the value of the membership fees paid monthly, in dollars, is
B0 = 4000,    Bn + 1 = R × Bn
a. The total value of the membership fees received after one month is B1 = 5800.
Show that R is equal to 1.45 1 mark

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b. Showing recursive calculations, determine the value of B3 , which is the total value of
membership fees received after three months. 1 mark

c. After how many months will the total value of membership fees received first exceed $50 000? 1 mark

SECTION A – continued
 11 2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT)

Question 6 (3 marks)
Barb drives a company car that she bought for $50 000.
She depreciates the value of the car by $0.20 for each kilometre that she travels in it.
a. On the graph below, plot the four points that represent the value of the car after Barb travels
20 000 km, 40 000 km, 60 000 km and 80 000 km. 1 mark

50000

40000

value ($) 30000

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20000

10000

0 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000

kilometres travelled

b. Complete the rule below that gives the value of the car, Cn , in dollars, after n kilometres have
been travelled. Write your answers in the boxes provided. 1 mark

Cn = + × n

c. Barb travels 20 000 km in the car each year.

The value of the car could also be considered to be depreciating at a flat rate.
What annual flat rate percentage would be used? 1 mark

SECTION A – continued
TURN OVER
2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT) 12

Question 7 (4 marks)
Barb took out a reducing balance loan of $800 000 to pay for renovations to the gymnasium.
Interest is calculated quarterly and Barb makes quarterly repayments.
Four lines of the amortisation table for Barb’s loan are shown below.

Payment Payment Interest Principal reduction Balance

number ($) ($) ($) ($)
0      0.00     0.00     0.00 800 000.00

1 12 148.80 6680.00 5468.80 794 531.20

2 12 148.80 6634.34 5514.46 789 016.74

3 12 148.80 6588.29 5560.51 783 456.23

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a. Show that the annual interest rate of the loan is 3.34% per annum. 1 mark

b. How many years will it take Barb to fully repay the loan? 1 mark

c. Let Vn be the balance of the loan after n quarters.

Write a recurrence relation in terms of V0 , Vn + 1 and Vn that can model the balance of Barb’s
loan from quarter to quarter. 2 marks

SECTION A – continued
 13 2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT)

Question 8 (2 marks)
Barb invested $225 000 in an annuity, from which she receives a regular monthly payment.
For this annuity investment, interest compounds monthly.
The recurrence relation that models the value of the annuity investment, An , in dollars, after n months is
A0 = 225 000,    An + 1 = 1.0045An – 1500
After 10 years of receiving regular payments from the annuity, Barb lowered the monthly payment figure to
$1200 in order to extend the length of the annuity.
The final monthly payment that Barb received was less than $1200.
Determine how much money Barb received in the final monthly payment.
Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
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END OF SECTION A
TURN OVER
2022 FURMATH EXAM 2 (NHT) 14

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