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Air Quality Code Explained

This Arduino sketch implements an Air Quality Index (AQI) Alert System using an MQ-135 gas sensor, LEDs, a buzzer, and an LCD for display. It reads AQI values in real-time and activates corresponding alerts based on predefined thresholds. The system effectively monitors air quality and provides visual and auditory feedback for different AQI categories.

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Meera
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7 views4 pages

Air Quality Code Explained

This Arduino sketch implements an Air Quality Index (AQI) Alert System using an MQ-135 gas sensor, LEDs, a buzzer, and an LCD for display. It reads AQI values in real-time and activates corresponding alerts based on predefined thresholds. The system effectively monitors air quality and provides visual and auditory feedback for different AQI categories.

Uploaded by

Meera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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This Arduino sketch implements an Air Quality Index (AQI) Alert System using an MQ-135

gas sensor, LEDs, a buzzer, and an LCD for display. Below is a detailed explanation of the
code:

1. Library and Pin Initialization

 The LiquidCrystal library is included to control the LCD.


 Pins for the LCD (rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7) and other components (MQ-135 sensor, LEDs,
and buzzer) are defined.

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#include "LiquidCrystal.h"

const int rs = 2, en = 3, d4 = 4, d5 = 5, d6 = 6, d7 = 7;
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);

const int mq135_aqi_sensor = A0;


const int green_led = 8;
const int blue_led = 9;
const int red_led = 10;
const int buzzer = 11;

2. Global Variables

 aqi_ppm: Stores the air quality value read from the sensor.
 A threshold system is used to categorize air quality.

3. setup() Function

 Sets up input/output pins for the sensor, LEDs, and buzzer.


 Initializes serial communication and the LCD.
 Displays a welcome message on the LCD and serial monitor.

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void setup() {
pinMode (mq135_aqi_sensor, INPUT);
pinMode (green_led, OUTPUT);
pinMode (blue_led, OUTPUT);
pinMode (red_led, OUTPUT);
pinMode (buzzer, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(green_led, LOW);
digitalWrite(blue_led, LOW);
digitalWrite(red_led, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);

Serial.begin (9600);
lcd.clear();
lcd.begin (16, 2);

Serial.println("AQI Alert System");


lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("AQI Alert System");
delay(1000);
}

4. loop() Function

This is the main logic for monitoring AQI and controlling outputs.

a. Read Sensor Data

The air quality value is read using the MQ-135 sensor through the analog pin A0.

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aqi_ppm = analogRead(mq135_aqi_sensor);
b. Print Data

The AQI value is printed to both the LCD and the serial monitor.

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Serial.print("Air Quality: ");
Serial.println(aqi_ppm);

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Air Quality: ");
lcd.print(aqi_ppm);

5. AQI Threshold Logic

The AQI is classified into five categories based on its value, and corresponding actions are taken.

a. Good (0–50)

 Green LED is ON.


 No buzzer or other LEDs are activated.

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if ((aqi_ppm >= 0) && (aqi_ppm <= 50)) {
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("AQI Good");
Serial.println("AQI Good");
digitalWrite(green_led, HIGH);
digitalWrite(blue_led, LOW);
digitalWrite(red_led, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
}
b. Moderate (51–100)

 Blue LED is ON.


 Green LED briefly flashes as a tone is generated.
 No buzzer is activated.

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else if ((aqi_ppm >= 51) && (aqi_ppm <= 100)) {
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("AQI Moderate");
Serial.println("AQI Moderate");
tone(green_led, 1000, 200);
digitalWrite(blue_led, HIGH);
digitalWrite(red_led, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
}
c. Unhealthy (101–200)

 Blue LED is ON.


 No tone or buzzer is activated.

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else if ((aqi_ppm >= 101) && (aqi_ppm <= 200)) {
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("AQI Unhealthy");
Serial.println("AQI Unhealthy");
digitalWrite(green_led, LOW);
digitalWrite(blue_led, HIGH);
digitalWrite(red_led, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
}
d. Very Unhealthy (201–300)

 Red LED is ON.


 Blue LED briefly flashes as a tone is generated.
 No buzzer is activated.

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else if ((aqi_ppm >= 201) && (aqi_ppm <= 300)) {
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("AQI V. Unhealthy");
Serial.println("AQI V. Unhealthy");
digitalWrite(green_led, LOW);
tone(blue_led, 1000, 200);
digitalWrite(red_led, HIGH);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
}
e. Hazardous (301 and above)

 Red LED and buzzer are ON to indicate danger.

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else if (aqi_ppm >= 301) {
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("AQI Hazardous");
Serial.println("AQI Hazardous");
digitalWrite(green_led, LOW);
digitalWrite(blue_led, LOW);
digitalWrite(red_led, HIGH);
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
}

6. Delay

A delay of 700 ms ensures the system refreshes at regular intervals without overwhelming the
outputs.

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delay(700);

Summary

 The program reads real-time AQI values using the MQ-135 sensor.
 Based on the thresholds, it activates LEDs and the buzzer to provide visual and auditory alerts.
 The LCD and serial monitor display the AQI values and their respective categories.

This system is effective for real-time air quality monitoring in small-scale environments.

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