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Aarush P

The project aims to create an autonomous line-following robot using L298N motor driver and IR sensors, without a microcontroller. It utilizes two DC motors, IR sensors for line detection, and a simple signal processing method to control the robot's movement based on sensor feedback. The design is straightforward and cost-effective, making it suitable for educational purposes and entry-level robotics, though it faces challenges with sharp turns and lacks adaptive feedback.

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Sunil Mankar
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20 views2 pages

Aarush P

The project aims to create an autonomous line-following robot using L298N motor driver and IR sensors, without a microcontroller. It utilizes two DC motors, IR sensors for line detection, and a simple signal processing method to control the robot's movement based on sensor feedback. The design is straightforward and cost-effective, making it suitable for educational purposes and entry-level robotics, though it faces challenges with sharp turns and lacks adaptive feedback.

Uploaded by

Sunil Mankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project Title: Line Following Robot using L298N Motor Driver and

IR Sensors

Objective: The goal of this project is to design and build an autonomous line-following robot that can detect
and follow a predefined path (usually a black line on a white surface) without using a microcontroller.
Instead, it relies on analog components and a motor driver to achieve the line-following behavior.

Components Used:

1. 2 DC Motors - To provide movement to the robot.


2. L298N Motor Driver - To control the direction and speed of the DC motors.
3. 2 IR Sensors - To detect the line by sensing the difference in reflectivity between the dark line and the light surface.
4. Power Supply - For powering the motors and sensors.
5. Resistors and Transistors - For signal conditioning and controlling motor speed/direction.

Working Principle:

1.

IR Sensor Detection:

2.

1. The robot uses two infrared (IR) sensors placed at the front-left and front-right of the robot. These sensors
emit infrared light and measure the reflection from the surface.
2. When the robot is on a white surface, the sensors detect a high level of reflected IR light (due to the light-
colored background). On a black line, the sensors detect low IR reflection, indicating the presence of the line.

3.

Signal Processing:

4.

1. The output from the IR sensors is fed directly to the input of the motor driver (L298N). The sensors essentially
act as simple on/off switches that tell the system whether the robot is on the line or off the line.
2. The system is designed to interpret these signals to control the motors:

1. If both sensors detect white (no line): Move forward.


2. If the left sensor detects black (on the line): Turn right to re-align with the line.
3. If the right sensor detects black (on the line): Turn left to re-align with the line.
4. If both sensors detect black (line centered): Move straight ahead.

5.

Motor Control via L298N:

6.

1. The L298N motor driver is used to drive the DC motors based on the signals from the sensors. It switches the
direction of the motors according to which sensor detects the line.
2. The L298N receives the input signals that correspond to left, right, or straight commands and adjusts the
motors' rotation accordingly.
Advantages:

 Simple design without the complexity of a microcontroller.


 Reliable line-following behavior based on basic analog sensor readings and motor control.
 Cost-effective and easy to build with readily available components.

Challenges:

 The system might struggle with sharp turns or highly curved paths.
 No adaptive feedback, so it relies entirely on the fixed behavior coded into the sensor logic.

Applications:

 Educational projects for learning about sensor-based robotics.


 Entry-level robotics for beginners without the need for programming a microcontroller.
 Can be adapted for more advanced applications with minor modifications.

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