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Unit-4 oop

This document provides an overview of templates in C++, focusing on their role in generic programming. It covers function templates, class templates, and their variations, including templates with multiple parameters and member function templates. Additionally, it discusses the syntax and usage of template functions and the concept of overloading template functions.

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1 views

Unit-4 oop

This document provides an overview of templates in C++, focusing on their role in generic programming. It covers function templates, class templates, and their variations, including templates with multiple parameters and member function templates. Additionally, it discusses the syntax and usage of template functions and the concept of overloading template functions.

Uploaded by

gamerxyz756
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GLS UNIVERSITY

iMSCIT
Sem-III
221601301
Object Oriented Programming

Dr. Disha Shah


Prof. Nasrin Aasofawala
Unit – IV
Templates in C++
Index
• Introduction to Templates
• Class Templates
• Class Templates with Multiple Parameters
• Function Templates
•Function Templates with Multiple
Parameters
• Member Function Templates
• Overloading Template Functions
Introduction to Templates
• Templates allows you to define the generic classes and
generic functions and thus provides support for generic
programming. Generic programming is a technique where
generic types are used as parameters in algorithms so that they
can work for a variety of data types.

• The simple idea is to pass the data type as a parameter so that


we don’t need to write the same code for different data types.
For example, a software company may need to sort() for
different data types. Rather than writing and maintaining multiple
codes, we can write one sort() and pass the datatype as a
parameter.
●
Templates can be represented in two ways:
●
Function templates
●
Class templates
●
Function Templates:
We can define a template for a function. For example, if we
have an add() function, we can create versions of the add
function for adding the int, float or double type values.

●
Class Template:
We can define a template for a class. For example, a class
template can be created for the array class that can accept the
array of various types such as int array, float array or double
array.
Function Template
●
Generic functions use the concept of a function template. Generic
functions define a set of operations that can be applied to the various
types of data.
●
The type of the data that the function will operate on depends on the
type of the data passed as a parameter.
●
For example, Quick sorting algorithm is implemented using a generic
function, it can be implemented to an array of integers or array of
floats.
●
A Generic function is created by using the keyword template. The
template defines what function will do.
●
The typename and class are keywords used in templates in C++.
There is no difference between the typename and class keywords.
Syntax of Function Template

1. template < class Ttype> ret_typ func_name(parameter_list)


{
// body of function.
}
2. template < typename Ttype> ret_typ func_name(parameter_list)
{
// body of function.
}
●
Where Ttype: It is a placeholder name for a data type used by the function. It is used
within the function definition. It is only a placeholder that the compiler will
automatically replace this placeholder with the actual data type.
●
Class or typename: A class keyword is used to specify a generic type in a template
declaration.
Function Templates with Multiple Parameters

●
We can use more than one generic type in the template function by using
the comma to separate the list.

●
Syntax
template<class T1, class T2,.....>
return_type function_name (arguments of type T1, T2....)
{
// body of function.
}

In the above syntax, we have seen that the template function can accept any
number of arguments of a different type.
CLASS TEMPLATE
●
Class Template can also be defined similarly to the Function Template. When a
class uses the concept of Template, then the class is known as generic class.
●
class templates are useful when a class defines something that is independent
of the data type. Can be useful for classes like LinkedList, BinaryTree, Stack,
Queue, Array, etc.

●
Syntax
template<class Ttype>
class class_name
{
}
●
Ttype is a placeholder name which will be determined when the class is
instantiated. We can define more than one generic data type using a comma-
separated list. The Ttype can be used inside the class body.
●
Now, we create an instance of a class

●
class_name<type> ob;
●
where class_name: It is the name of the class.

●
type: It is the type of the data that the class is operating on.

●
ob: It is the name of the object.
CLASS TEMPLATE WITH MULTIPLE
PARAMETERS
●
We can use more than one generic data type in a class template,
and each generic data type is separated by the comma.

●
Syntax
template<class T1, class T2, ......>
class class_name
{
// Body of the class.
}
Member Function Templates

●
Member function templates are function templates that are
members of a class or class template. Member functions
can be function templates in several contexts.

●
You can define member function templates in the class or
outside the class.
Overloading Template Functions
●
The function template has the same syntax as a regular function, but it starts
with a keyword template followed by template parameters enclosed inside
angular brackets <>.

template <class T>


T functionName(T arguments)
{
// Function definition
………. …… ….. …….
}
●
Where, T is template argument accepting different arguments and class is a
keyword.
●
The name of the function templates are the same but
called with different arguments is known as function
template overloading.
●
If the function template is with the ordinary template, the
name of the function remains the same but the number of
parameters differs.
●
When a function template is overloaded with a non-
template function, the function name remains the same but
the function’s arguments are unlike.

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